See paenula on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paenula"
},
"expansion": "Latin paenula",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin paenula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paenulas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "paenulae"
},
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "54 1 40 4",
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{
"ref": "1999, Glen Warren Bowersock, Peter Brown, Oleg Grabar, Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 381:",
"text": "The paenula, another type of cloak, was less bulky. It was triangular, closed in front, and had a V-shaped opening for the head. The paenula, being a garment designed for travelers, was shorter than the lacerna and the pallium.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Barbara Dee Baumgarten, Vestments for All Seasons, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "The Romans were punctilious about dress and distinguished between the paenula of the poor, the toga worn by Roman citizens, and the chlamys, the short cloak worn by soldiers. While accessible to all first-century Romans, the paenula was […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of woollen cloak or mantle used by Romans, worn on journeys and in rainy weather."
],
"id": "en-paenula-en-noun-VBUwlisd",
"links": [
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A kind of woollen cloak or mantle used by Romans, worn on journeys and in rainy weather."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A chasuble, especially in its older form."
],
"id": "en-paenula-en-noun-XLJWDdxE",
"links": [
[
"chasuble",
"chasuble"
]
]
}
],
"word": "paenula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "paenulārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "paenulātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "paenuleus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paenula"
},
"expansion": "English: paenula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: paenula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénule"
},
"expansion": "French: pénule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pénule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "penula"
},
"expansion": "Italian: penula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: penula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pănură"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pănură",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "Romanian: pănură"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "φαινόλη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαινόλη (phainólē)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek φαινόλη (phainólē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paenulae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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{
"form": "paenula",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "paenulae",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
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"tags": [
"plural",
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]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "paenula<1>"
},
"expansion": "paenula f (genitive paenulae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "paenula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
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{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "la:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of sleeveless cloak or mantle with an opening for the head, worn on journeys or in rainy weather."
],
"id": "en-paenula-la-noun-qtzi6Exu",
"links": [
[
"sleeveless",
"sleeveless"
],
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
],
[
"opening",
"opening"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"worn",
"wear"
],
[
"journeys",
"journeys"
],
[
"rainy",
"rainy"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A covering, cover, envelope, protection."
],
"id": "en-paenula-la-noun-~fQbsm1P",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"envelope",
"envelope"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A covering, cover, envelope, protection."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpae̯.nu.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäe̯nʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nu.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "paenula"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Clothing"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paenula"
},
"expansion": "Latin paenula",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin paenula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paenulas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations"
],
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{
"ref": "1999, Glen Warren Bowersock, Peter Brown, Oleg Grabar, Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 381:",
"text": "The paenula, another type of cloak, was less bulky. It was triangular, closed in front, and had a V-shaped opening for the head. The paenula, being a garment designed for travelers, was shorter than the lacerna and the pallium.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Barbara Dee Baumgarten, Vestments for All Seasons, Church Publishing, Inc., →ISBN, page 17:",
"text": "The Romans were punctilious about dress and distinguished between the paenula of the poor, the toga worn by Roman citizens, and the chlamys, the short cloak worn by soldiers. While accessible to all first-century Romans, the paenula was […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of woollen cloak or mantle used by Romans, worn on journeys and in rainy weather."
],
"links": [
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A kind of woollen cloak or mantle used by Romans, worn on journeys and in rainy weather."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A chasuble, especially in its older form."
],
"links": [
[
"chasuble",
"chasuble"
]
]
}
],
"word": "paenula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "paenulārius"
},
{
"word": "paenulātus"
},
{
"word": "paenuleus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paenula"
},
"expansion": "English: paenula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: paenula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pénule"
},
"expansion": "French: pénule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pénule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "penula"
},
"expansion": "Italian: penula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: penula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pănură"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pănură",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pănură"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "φαινόλη"
},
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"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek φαινόλη (phainólē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paenulae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "paenula",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulārum",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "paenula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "paenulae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
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]
}
],
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"1": "paenula<1>"
},
"expansion": "paenula f (genitive paenulae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
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],
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{
"args": {
"1": "paenula<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
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],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A kind of sleeveless cloak or mantle with an opening for the head, worn on journeys or in rainy weather."
],
"links": [
[
"sleeveless",
"sleeveless"
],
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
],
[
"opening",
"opening"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"worn",
"wear"
],
[
"journeys",
"journeys"
],
[
"rainy",
"rainy"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A covering, cover, envelope, protection."
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"envelope",
"envelope"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A covering, cover, envelope, protection."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpae̯.nu.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäe̯nʊɫ̪ä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nu.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnulä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "paenula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for paenula meaning in All languages combined (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.