See normalize on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-normalize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "normal",
"3": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "normal + -ize",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From normal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "normalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "normalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "normalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "normalized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "normalise",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"UK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "normalize (third-person singular simple present normalizes, present participle normalizing, simple past and past participle normalized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nor‧mal‧ize"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "normal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "normalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "normalized"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "normalizer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "normalizes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "normalizing"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"text": "There is little hope that the two countries will normalize relations; their governments seem to hate each other and would just as soon stay on bad terms.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
137,
146
]
],
"ref": "2014 March 27, Robin Marantz Henig, “Fictional Plotlines and Real Assisted Suicide”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "Advocacy groups have long known the power of TV plot lines. Back in the 1980s, the Harvard School of Public Health mounted a campaign to normalize the idea of a “designated driver” to reduce drunk driving.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
108
]
],
"ref": "2025 February 6, Taylor Luck, Ghada Abdulfattah, “How Trump’s proposed plan for Gaza has united an outraged Arab world”, in The Christian Science Monitor:",
"text": "Whether or not the Trump administration moves ahead, officials and observers say the proposal has normalized the forcible transfer of Palestinians – classified as “ethnic cleansing” and a “war crime” by the United Nations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make normal, to bring into alignment with an established standard."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-l1Vr9-qX",
"links": [
[
"normal",
"normal"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make normal, to bring into alignment with an established standard."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "normalizíram",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "нормализи́рам"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaliseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalisoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nirmél",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "נִרְמֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizál"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaligar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalú a dhéanamh ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "ad normam redigō"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "whakanoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "whakapūnoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "normalizować"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znormalizować"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to make normal",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "normalizěrowaś"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalisera"
},
{
"_dis1": "64 11 10 0 5 7 2 0 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaleiddio"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 11 8 13 12 11 16 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 13 12 17 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 13 13 11 16 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 14 11 10 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 15 12 11 18 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 12 11 17 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To consider normal, to treat as standard in the face of older norms."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-Lz0QuL5Z",
"links": [
[
"normal",
"normal"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To consider normal, to treat as standard in the face of older norms."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"text": "We'll need to normalize these statements before we can compare them.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To format in a standardized manner, to make consistent."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-uhQxXo~H",
"links": [
[
"format",
"format"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
],
[
"consistent",
"consistent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To format in a standardized manner, to make consistent."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 3 73 2 1 1 11 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podreždam",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "подреждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 73 2 1 1 11 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "normiram",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "нормирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 73 2 1 1 11 5 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "normalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 73 2 1 1 11 5 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "normaliseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 73 2 1 1 11 5 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "normalizować"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 73 2 1 1 11 5 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znormalizować"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Statistics",
"orig": "en:Statistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 6 10 17 16 14 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 8 13 12 11 16 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 13 12 17 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 13 13 11 16 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 14 11 10 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 15 12 11 18 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 6 12 13 11 18 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 12 11 17 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
27
]
],
"text": "After we properly normalize the measurements with respect to age, gender, geography and economic considerations, there remains little evidence of a difference between the two groups.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"ref": "1991, Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 299:",
"text": "The Dice coefficient normalizes for length by dividing by the total number of non-zero entries. We multiply by 2 so that we get a measure that ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 with 1.0 indicating identical vectors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
177,
188
]
],
"ref": "2015 August 7, “Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on the Masticatory Muscles and Physiologic Sleep Variables in Adults with Cerebral Palsy: A Novel Therapeutic Approach”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:",
"text": "It is possible that electrical stimulation may also act centrally, neuromodulating the altered muscle contractibility mechanism, recruiting a larger number of muscle fibers and normalizing the tone of the masticatory, hyoid and pharyngeal muscles [38 ,39 ].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce the variations by excluding irrelevant aspects."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-fjnNPC3u",
"links": [
[
"statistics",
"statistics"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"variation",
"variation"
],
[
"excluding",
"exclude"
],
[
"irrelevant",
"irrelevant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(statistics, transitive) To reduce the variations by excluding irrelevant aspects."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"statistics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 3 58 6 4 10 7 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "statistics: to reduce variations",
"word": "normaliseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 3 58 6 4 10 7 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "statistics: to reduce variations",
"word": "normaalistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 3 58 6 4 10 7 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "statistics: to reduce variations",
"word": "normalizál"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "reverse"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 6 10 17 16 14 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 8 13 12 11 16 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 13 12 17 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 13 13 11 16 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 14 11 10 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 15 12 11 18 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 6 12 13 11 18 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 12 11 17 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To return a set of points (switches) to the normal position."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-h8cjAwoe",
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"points",
"points"
],
[
"switches",
"railroad switch"
],
[
"normal",
"normal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport, transitive) To return a set of points (switches) to the normal position."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "reverse"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 6 10 17 16 14 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 8 13 12 11 16 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 13 12 17 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 13 13 11 16 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 14 11 10 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 15 12 11 18 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 6 12 13 11 18 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 12 11 17 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To return to the normal position from the reverse position."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-yBBix~52",
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"normal",
"normal"
],
[
"reverse",
"reverse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport, intransitive, of points) To return to the normal position from the reverse position."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of points"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Databases",
"orig": "en:Databases",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 6 15 11 10 19 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 7 12 13 11 17 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 6 10 17 16 14 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 7 13 12 10 18 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 14 11 10 22 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 8 13 12 11 16 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 13 12 17 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 13 13 11 16 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 14 11 10 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 7 14 12 10 18 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 10 10 6 6 30 17 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 15 12 11 18 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 6 13 15 9 20 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 6 12 13 11 18 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 14 12 11 18 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 6 13 12 11 23 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 14 11 10 22 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 7 11 13 12 20 11 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 7 12 11 10 25 13 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 12 11 17 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 14 11 10 22 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 7 13 10 9 21 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to normalization; to eliminate redundancy in (a model for storing data)."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-Q9veBVBS",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"database",
"database"
],
[
"normalization",
"normalization"
],
[
"eliminate",
"eliminate"
],
[
"redundancy",
"redundancy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, databases, transitive) To subject to normalization; to eliminate redundancy in (a model for storing data)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"databases",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Metallurgy",
"orig": "en:Metallurgy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 6 10 17 16 14 18 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 8 13 12 11 16 14 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 13 12 17 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 7 13 13 11 16 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 7 14 11 10 17 17 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 6 15 12 11 18 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 6 12 13 11 18 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 11 13 12 11 15 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 7 13 12 11 17 16 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
48
],
[
198,
208
]
],
"ref": "2005 November 29, National Transportation Safety Board, “Tank Car Crashworthiness”, in Collision of Norfolk Southern Freight Train 192 With Standing Norfolk Southern Local Train P22 With Subsequent Hazardous Materials Release at Graniteville, South Carolina, January 6, 2005, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, page 50:",
"text": "Charpy impact testing showed that the normalized steel in the tank shell of the punctured chlorine car had a fracture toughness that was significantly greater than the fracture toughness of the non-normalized steels of the catastrophically ruptured tank cars involved in the derailment of a Canadian Pacific Railway freight train in Minot, North Dakota, in January 2002. The steel in the Minot tank cars exhibited relatively low fracture toughness, and cracks propagated rapidly around the circumference of each tank. The higher fracture toughness in the Graniteville tank car contributed to the relatively quick arrest of the crack even though there was brittle fracture in its outer portions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To anneal (steel) for the purpose of decreasing brittleness and increasing ductility."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-KVqBuVQl",
"links": [
[
"metallurgy",
"metallurgy"
],
[
"anneal",
"anneal"
],
[
"brittleness",
"brittleness"
],
[
"ductility",
"ductility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metallurgy, transitive) To anneal (steel) for the purpose of decreasing brittleness and increasing ductility."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"metallurgy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To divide a vector by its magnitude to produce a unit vector."
],
"id": "en-normalize-en-verb-z~iD8bUQ",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"vector",
"vector"
],
[
"magnitude",
"magnitude"
],
[
"unit vector",
"unit vector"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, transitive) To divide a vector by its magnitude to produce a unit vector."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔː.mə.laɪz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔɹ.mə.laɪz/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-normalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-normalize.ogg/En-us-normalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-normalize.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnoː.mə.lɑɪz/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-normalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/En-au-normalize.ogg/En-au-normalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/En-au-normalize.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)məlaɪz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 2 5 36 35 5 6 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rail transport, transitive: to return to the normal position",
"word": "palauttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 2 4 37 38 4 5 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rail transport, intransitive: to return to the normal position",
"word": "palautua"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 4 24 2 3 29 2 34",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics",
"word": "normieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 4 24 2 3 29 2 34",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics",
"word": "normalisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 4 24 2 3 29 2 34",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "unormować"
}
],
"word": "normalize"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "normalize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 12 3 14 7 6 12 7 3 28 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 2 10 8 7 11 8 2 38 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "normalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of normalizar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-normalize-pt-verb-dE9ak67P",
"links": [
[
"normalizar",
"normalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "normalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of normalizar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-normalize-pt-verb-V1j9pGAy",
"links": [
[
"normalizar",
"normalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "normalize"
}
{
"categories": [
"English contranyms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)məlaɪz",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)məlaɪz/3 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "self-normalize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "normal",
"3": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "normal + -ize",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From normal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "normalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "normalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "normalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "normalized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "normalise",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"UK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "normalize (third-person singular simple present normalizes, present participle normalizing, simple past and past participle normalized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nor‧mal‧ize"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "normal"
},
{
"word": "normalization"
},
{
"word": "normalized"
},
{
"word": "normalizer"
},
{
"word": "normalizes"
},
{
"word": "normalizing"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
58
]
],
"text": "There is little hope that the two countries will normalize relations; their governments seem to hate each other and would just as soon stay on bad terms.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
137,
146
]
],
"ref": "2014 March 27, Robin Marantz Henig, “Fictional Plotlines and Real Assisted Suicide”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "Advocacy groups have long known the power of TV plot lines. Back in the 1980s, the Harvard School of Public Health mounted a campaign to normalize the idea of a “designated driver” to reduce drunk driving.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
108
]
],
"ref": "2025 February 6, Taylor Luck, Ghada Abdulfattah, “How Trump’s proposed plan for Gaza has united an outraged Arab world”, in The Christian Science Monitor:",
"text": "Whether or not the Trump administration moves ahead, officials and observers say the proposal has normalized the forcible transfer of Palestinians – classified as “ethnic cleansing” and a “war crime” by the United Nations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make normal, to bring into alignment with an established standard."
],
"links": [
[
"normal",
"normal"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make normal, to bring into alignment with an established standard."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To consider normal, to treat as standard in the face of older norms."
],
"links": [
[
"normal",
"normal"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To consider normal, to treat as standard in the face of older norms."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
23
]
],
"text": "We'll need to normalize these statements before we can compare them.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To format in a standardized manner, to make consistent."
],
"links": [
[
"format",
"format"
],
[
"standard",
"standard"
],
[
"consistent",
"consistent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To format in a standardized manner, to make consistent."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Statistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
27
]
],
"text": "After we properly normalize the measurements with respect to age, gender, geography and economic considerations, there remains little evidence of a difference between the two groups.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
31
]
],
"ref": "1991, Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 299:",
"text": "The Dice coefficient normalizes for length by dividing by the total number of non-zero entries. We multiply by 2 so that we get a measure that ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 with 1.0 indicating identical vectors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
177,
188
]
],
"ref": "2015 August 7, “Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on the Masticatory Muscles and Physiologic Sleep Variables in Adults with Cerebral Palsy: A Novel Therapeutic Approach”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:",
"text": "It is possible that electrical stimulation may also act centrally, neuromodulating the altered muscle contractibility mechanism, recruiting a larger number of muscle fibers and normalizing the tone of the masticatory, hyoid and pharyngeal muscles [38 ,39 ].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce the variations by excluding irrelevant aspects."
],
"links": [
[
"statistics",
"statistics"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"variation",
"variation"
],
[
"excluding",
"exclude"
],
[
"irrelevant",
"irrelevant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(statistics, transitive) To reduce the variations by excluding irrelevant aspects."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"statistics"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "reverse"
}
],
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"glosses": [
"To return a set of points (switches) to the normal position."
],
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"points",
"points"
],
[
"switches",
"railroad switch"
],
[
"normal",
"normal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport, transitive) To return a set of points (switches) to the normal position."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "reverse"
}
],
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"glosses": [
"To return to the normal position from the reverse position."
],
"links": [
[
"rail transport",
"rail transport"
],
[
"normal",
"normal"
],
[
"reverse",
"reverse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rail transport, intransitive, of points) To return to the normal position from the reverse position."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of points"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"rail-transport",
"railways",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Computing",
"en:Databases"
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to normalization; to eliminate redundancy in (a model for storing data)."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"database",
"database"
],
[
"normalization",
"normalization"
],
[
"eliminate",
"eliminate"
],
[
"redundancy",
"redundancy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, databases, transitive) To subject to normalization; to eliminate redundancy in (a model for storing data)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"databases",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Metallurgy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
48
],
[
198,
208
]
],
"ref": "2005 November 29, National Transportation Safety Board, “Tank Car Crashworthiness”, in Collision of Norfolk Southern Freight Train 192 With Standing Norfolk Southern Local Train P22 With Subsequent Hazardous Materials Release at Graniteville, South Carolina, January 6, 2005, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, page 50:",
"text": "Charpy impact testing showed that the normalized steel in the tank shell of the punctured chlorine car had a fracture toughness that was significantly greater than the fracture toughness of the non-normalized steels of the catastrophically ruptured tank cars involved in the derailment of a Canadian Pacific Railway freight train in Minot, North Dakota, in January 2002. The steel in the Minot tank cars exhibited relatively low fracture toughness, and cracks propagated rapidly around the circumference of each tank. The higher fracture toughness in the Graniteville tank car contributed to the relatively quick arrest of the crack even though there was brittle fracture in its outer portions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To anneal (steel) for the purpose of decreasing brittleness and increasing ductility."
],
"links": [
[
"metallurgy",
"metallurgy"
],
[
"anneal",
"anneal"
],
[
"brittleness",
"brittleness"
],
[
"ductility",
"ductility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metallurgy, transitive) To anneal (steel) for the purpose of decreasing brittleness and increasing ductility."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"metallurgy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"glosses": [
"To divide a vector by its magnitude to produce a unit vector."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"vector",
"vector"
],
[
"magnitude",
"magnitude"
],
[
"unit vector",
"unit vector"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, transitive) To divide a vector by its magnitude to produce a unit vector."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔː.mə.laɪz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɔɹ.mə.laɪz/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-normalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/En-us-normalize.ogg/En-us-normalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/En-us-normalize.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈnoː.mə.lɑɪz/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-normalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e6/En-au-normalize.ogg/En-au-normalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/En-au-normalize.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)məlaɪz"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "normalizíram",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "нормализи́рам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalitzar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaliseren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalisoida"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalisieren"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "nirmél",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "נִרְמֵל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizál"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normizar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaligar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalaigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalú a dhéanamh ar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizzare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "ad normam redigō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "whakanoa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "whakapūnoa"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaliser"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "normalizować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znormalizować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizar"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "to make normal",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "normalizěrowaś"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalizar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normalisera"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make normal",
"word": "normaleiddio"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podreždam",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "подреждам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "normiram",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "нормирам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "normalitzar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"word": "normaliseren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "normalizować"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to format in a standardized manner",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "znormalizować"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "statistics: to reduce variations",
"word": "normaliseren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "statistics: to reduce variations",
"word": "normaalistaa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "statistics: to reduce variations",
"word": "normalizál"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rail transport, transitive: to return to the normal position",
"word": "palauttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rail transport, intransitive: to return to the normal position",
"word": "palautua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics",
"word": "normieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mathematics",
"word": "normalisieren"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mathematics",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "unormować"
}
],
"word": "normalize"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "normalize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "normalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of normalizar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"normalizar",
"normalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "normalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of normalizar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"normalizar",
"normalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "normalize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for normalize meaning in All languages combined (14.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.