See nomenklatura on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра"
},
"expansion": "Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "nōmenclātūra",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
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"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "nomenclature"
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"expansion": "Doublet of nomenclature",
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenclature.",
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"plural"
]
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{
"_dis": "82 18",
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{
"_dis": "99 1",
"kind": "place",
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"name": "Soviet Union",
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"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
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"glosses": [
"A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party."
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-en-noun-wvq991y0",
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now historical) A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"word": "nomenklatuura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "nomenklatoúra",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "νομενκλατούρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "nomenklāturā",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"word": "नोमेनक्लातुरा"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenclatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nomenklatúra",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "номенклату́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "номенклату́ра"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatúra"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nomenklatúra",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "номенклату́ра"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 October 13, Will Hutton, “Will China's next leader be its Gorbachev?”, in The Observer, →ISSN:",
"text": "[Gorbachev] did not champion perestroika and glasnost alone; much of the nomenklatura had decided that the Soviet economic and social model was dysfunctional, corrupt and endemically inefficient and had to change.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 764:",
"text": "Communism envisioned […] an Authority Ranking of political control (in theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat; in practice, a nomenklatura of commissars under a charismatic dictator).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Vincent Bevins, If We Burn: The Mass Protest Decade and the Missing Revolution, Public Affairs, →ISBN:",
"text": "During the long rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982), the nomenklatura had cemented their power in the system.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The people on such lists; (by extension), any privileged class, a social or political elite."
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-en-noun-SJYAahyh",
"links": [
[
"elite",
"elite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) The people on such lists; (by extension), any privileged class, a social or political elite."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a social or political elite class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklature"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "nomenklāturā",
"sense": "a social or political elite class",
"word": "नोमेनक्लातुरा"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɒˌmɛnkləˈtjʊəɹə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɒˌmɛnkləˈtʃʊəɹə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nomenclatura"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
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{
"args": {
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"3": "nomenclatura",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
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"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
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{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
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"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
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"form": "nomenklatury",
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"singular"
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{
"form": "nomenklatur",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatuře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"plural"
]
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{
"form": "nomenklaturo",
"source": "declension",
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"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatuře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
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}
],
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"expansion": "nomenklatura f",
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
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"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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}
],
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"nomenclature"
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"id": "en-nomenklatura-cs-noun-YwilNJrL",
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[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "nominace"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "nomenclatura"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nomenclatura",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra). Doublet of nomenclatura.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklature",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura f (plural nomenklature)",
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],
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],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-it-noun-xj9fUlm0",
"links": [
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"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/no.men.klaˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
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"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
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"expansion": "nomenklatura m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nomenklatur"
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"glosses": [
"definite neuter plural of nomenklatur"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-nb-noun-wxAzu7ye",
"links": [
[
"nomenklatur",
"nomenklatur#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nomenklaturene"
}
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nomenklatura binominalna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōmenclātūra"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin nōmenclātūra",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра",
"senseid": "post!!people!!class"
},
"expansion": "Sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin nōmenclātūra. Sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklaturowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
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},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
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{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
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"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "nomenklatura f (related adjective nomenklaturowy)",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"no‧men‧kla‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nomenklator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature (set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences)"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-pl-noun-dBjwLvlF",
"links": [
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
],
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"(countable) nomenclature (set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nazewnictwo"
},
{
"word": "terminologia"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature (set of names or terms)"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-pl-noun-CK0fhCFO",
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"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
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],
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"(countable) nomenclature (set of names or terms)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nazewnictwo"
},
{
"word": "terminologia"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "pl:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 6 3 2 40 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 6 2 1 40 1 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 73 2 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 52 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 66 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 67 3 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 97 0 0",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "pl:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 67 7 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura (list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party)"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-pl-noun-pl:post",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:post"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "pl:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura (people on such lists)"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-pl-noun-pl:people",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, collective, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (people on such lists)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:people"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "pl:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura (any privileged class; a social or political elite)"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-pl-noun-pl:class",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, collective, derogatory, politics) nomenklatura (any privileged class; a social or political elite)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:class"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔ.mɛŋ.klaˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "la",
"3": "nomenclatura",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklatúra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "номенклату́ра",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklature",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "nomenklatúra"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatúra f (Cyrillic spelling номенклату́ра)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"no‧men‧kla‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nomenklatura",
"2": "nomenklature",
"3": "nomenklaturi",
"4": "nomenklaturu",
"5": "nomenklaturo",
"6": "nomenklaturi",
"7": "nomenklaturom"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-sh-noun-YwilNJrL",
"links": [
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nomenklatǔːra/"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра"
},
"expansion": "Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōmenclātūra",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nomenklatur"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nomenklatur",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenklatur.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "sv:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"id": "en-nomenklatura-sv-noun-xj9fUlm0",
"links": [
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) nomenklatura"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "la",
"3": "nomenclatura",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatuře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatuře",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "nominace"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine nouns",
"Czech hard feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms borrowed from Latin",
"Czech terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра"
},
"expansion": "Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōmenclātūra",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nomenclature"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nomenclature",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenclature.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklaturas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nomenklatura (plural nomenklaturas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party."
],
"links": [
[
"bureaucratic",
"bureaucratic"
],
[
"Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now historical) A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007 October 13, Will Hutton, “Will China's next leader be its Gorbachev?”, in The Observer, →ISSN:",
"text": "[Gorbachev] did not champion perestroika and glasnost alone; much of the nomenklatura had decided that the Soviet economic and social model was dysfunctional, corrupt and endemically inefficient and had to change.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 764:",
"text": "Communism envisioned […] an Authority Ranking of political control (in theory, the dictatorship of the proletariat; in practice, a nomenklatura of commissars under a charismatic dictator).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Vincent Bevins, If We Burn: The Mass Protest Decade and the Missing Revolution, Public Affairs, →ISBN:",
"text": "During the long rule of Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982), the nomenklatura had cemented their power in the system.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The people on such lists; (by extension), any privileged class, a social or political elite."
],
"links": [
[
"elite",
"elite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) The people on such lists; (by extension), any privileged class, a social or political elite."
],
"tags": [
"collective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɒˌmɛnkləˈtjʊəɹə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɒˌmɛnkləˈtʃʊəɹə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nomenclatura"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"word": "nomenklatuura"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "nomenklatoúra",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "νομενκλατούρα"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "nomenklāturā",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"word": "नोमेनक्लातुरा"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenclatura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nomenklatúra",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "номенклату́ра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "номенклату́ра"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklatúra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nomenklatúra",
"sense": "list of posts in Soviet Union",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "номенклату́ра"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a social or political elite class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nomenklature"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "nomenklāturā",
"sense": "a social or political elite class",
"word": "नोमेनक्लातुरा"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "nomenclatura"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nomenclatura",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra). Doublet of nomenclatura.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklature",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura f (plural nomenklature)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"no‧men‧kla‧tù‧ra"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 5-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian doublets",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Italian terms derived from Russian",
"Italian terms spelled with K",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ura",
"Rhymes:Italian/ura/5 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/no.men.klaˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun forms",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nomenklatur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite neuter plural of nomenklatur"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenklatur",
"nomenklatur#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nomenklaturene"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 5-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish semantic loans from Russian",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ura",
"Rhymes:Polish/ura/5 syllables",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Soviet Union"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nomenklatura binominalna"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōmenclātūra"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin nōmenclātūra",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра",
"senseid": "post!!people!!class"
},
"expansion": "Sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin nōmenclātūra. Sense 3, sense 4 and sense 5 are semantic loans from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklaturowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "nomenklaturowy"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura f (related adjective nomenklaturowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"no‧men‧kla‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "nomenklator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature (set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences)"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) nomenclature (set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nazewnictwo"
},
{
"word": "terminologia"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature (set of names or terms)"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) nomenclature (set of names or terms)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nazewnictwo"
},
{
"word": "terminologia"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish uncountable nouns",
"pl:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura (list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:post"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish uncountable nouns",
"pl:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura (people on such lists)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, collective, derogatory, historical, politics) nomenklatura (people on such lists)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:people"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish collective nouns",
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish uncountable nouns",
"pl:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura (any privileged class; a social or political elite)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, collective, derogatory, politics) nomenklatura (any privileged class; a social or political elite)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:class"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"derogatory",
"feminine",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔ.mɛŋ.klaˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "la",
"3": "nomenclatura",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin nomenclatura (“a calling by name, list of names”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nomenklatúra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "номенклату́ра",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun-unc\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklature",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklaturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "nomenklatúra"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatúra f (Cyrillic spelling номенклату́ра)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"no‧men‧kla‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nomenklatura",
"2": "nomenklature",
"3": "nomenklaturi",
"4": "nomenklaturu",
"5": "nomenklaturo",
"6": "nomenklaturi",
"7": "nomenklaturom"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun-unc"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenclature"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenclature",
"nomenclature"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nomenklatǔːra/"
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "номенклату́ра"
},
"expansion": "Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōmenclātūra",
"4": "",
"5": "a calling by name, list of names"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nomenklatur"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of nomenklatur",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian номенклату́ра (nomenklatúra), from Latin nōmenclātūra (“a calling by name, list of names”), from nomen (“name”) + calare (“call”). Doublet of nomenklatur.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nomenklatura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "nomenklatura c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish doublets",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Swedish terms derived from Latin",
"Swedish terms derived from Russian",
"Swedish terms with historical senses",
"sv:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"links": [
[
"nomenklatura",
"nomenklatura#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) nomenklatura"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"historical"
]
}
],
"word": "nomenklatura"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nomenklatura meaning in All languages combined (19.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "nomenklatura",
"trace": "started on line 4, detected on line 34"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "nomenklatura",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 34"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"nomenklatura"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "nomenklatura",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.