See laughen on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "laughen",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "32 22 31 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 11 21 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 9 28 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "laugh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete past participle of laugh."
],
"id": "en-laughen-en-verb-ub8zvfQ2",
"links": [
[
"obsolete",
"obsolete"
],
[
"laugh",
"laugh#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"obsolete",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "laughen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "laughter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lawghynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "laugh"
},
"expansion": "English: laugh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: laugh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lauch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lauch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lauch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "leeigh",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: leeigh, leigh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: leeigh, leigh"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlæhhan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlæhhan",
"name": "inh"
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hlahhjan"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlahjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hlæhhan, alternative form of hlehhan, hliehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
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},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
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},
{
"form": "6 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lough",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lough",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laugheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lough",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laugheden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laughede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laugheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laughynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "laughen",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "laugh",
"2": "lough",
"2a": "low",
"3": "low",
"4": "laugh",
"c": "6",
"w": "ed",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 22 31 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / \"No more of this, because that's enough!",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 961–963:",
"text": "But right anon the worthy Knyght bigan / whan that he saugh that al the peple lough: / \"Namoore of this, for it is right ynough!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To laugh; to break out in laughter or laughing."
],
"id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-70kSKlPg",
"links": [
[
"laugh",
"laugh"
],
[
"laughter",
"laughter"
],
[
"laughing",
"laughing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 22 31 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 42 29 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 59 5 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Laughter",
"orig": "enm:Laughter",
"parents": [
"Happiness",
"Reflexes",
"Emotions",
"Human behaviour",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Merchant's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1723–1724:",
"text": "And Venus laugheth upon every wight / For Januarie was bicome hir knyght",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express glee or joyfulness; to show happiness."
],
"id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-6Coylnme",
"links": [
[
"glee",
"glee"
],
[
"joyfulness",
"joyfulness"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
],
"id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-XGFG4v~H",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually with a preposition) To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a preposition"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To laugh about an incident or thing."
],
"id": "en-laughen-enm-verb-8wP790sD",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To laugh about an incident or thing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaxən/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛxən/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlau̯xən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛi̯xən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːxən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "laughe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "laghe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "laghen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leygh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leiȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leyȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lauȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lauȝhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lawȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lyȝhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lauȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lauȝwhen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leighȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lawhyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lihȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lehȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lahhen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lauhwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"sense": "early",
"word": "lahhȝhenn"
}
],
"word": "laughen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 6 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
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"English non-lemma forms",
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],
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{
"word": "laugh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete past participle of laugh."
],
"links": [
[
"obsolete",
"obsolete"
],
[
"laugh",
"laugh#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
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"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "laughen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 6 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Laughter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "laughter"
},
{
"word": "lawghynge"
}
],
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{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "laugh"
},
"expansion": "English: laugh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: laugh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lauch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lauch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lauch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "leeigh",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: leeigh, leigh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: leeigh, leigh"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlæhhan"
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlahjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English hlæhhan, alternative form of hlehhan, hliehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "6 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lough",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lough",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laugheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lough",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "low",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laugheden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laughede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laugheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "laughynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "laughen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "laughe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "laughed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "laughen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "laugh",
"2": "lough",
"2a": "low",
"3": "low",
"4": "laugh",
"c": "6",
"w": "ed",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / \"No more of this, because that's enough!",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 961–963:",
"text": "But right anon the worthy Knyght bigan / whan that he saugh that al the peple lough: / \"Namoore of this, for it is right ynough!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To laugh; to break out in laughter or laughing."
],
"links": [
[
"laugh",
"laugh"
],
[
"laughter",
"laughter"
],
[
"laughing",
"laughing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight",
"ref": "a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Merchant's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1723–1724:",
"text": "And Venus laugheth upon every wight / For Januarie was bicome hir knyght",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express glee or joyfulness; to show happiness."
],
"links": [
[
"glee",
"glee"
],
[
"joyfulness",
"joyfulness"
],
[
"happiness",
"happiness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually with a preposition) To reminisce about; to remember with affection."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a preposition"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To laugh about an incident or thing."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To laugh about an incident or thing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaxən/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛxən/",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlau̯xən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛi̯xən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliːxən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "laughe"
},
{
"word": "laghe"
},
{
"word": "laghen"
},
{
"word": "lawen"
},
{
"word": "leigh"
},
{
"word": "leygh"
},
{
"word": "leiȝe"
},
{
"word": "leyȝe"
},
{
"word": "lauȝe"
},
{
"word": "lauȝhe"
},
{
"word": "lawȝe"
},
{
"word": "lyȝhe"
},
{
"word": "lauȝen"
},
{
"word": "lauȝwhen"
},
{
"word": "leighȝen"
},
{
"word": "lawhyn"
},
{
"sense": "early",
"word": "lahhȝhenn"
},
{
"word": "lihȝen"
},
{
"word": "lehȝen"
},
{
"word": "lahhen"
},
{
"word": "lauhwen"
}
],
"word": "laughen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for laughen meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.