See lough on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ga",
"3": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Irish loch",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sga",
"3": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish loch",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*loku",
"4": "",
"5": "lake, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *loku (“lake, pool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lókus",
"4": "",
"5": "pond, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loch",
"3": "Looe"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of loch and Looe",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Irish loch (from Old Irish loch), from Proto-Celtic *loku (“lake, pool”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool”). Doublet of loch and Looe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lough (plural loughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 2 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 4 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "en:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Lough Allen"
},
{
"word": "Lough Neagh"
},
{
"word": "Lough Swilly"
},
{
"word": "Strangford Lough"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 January 26, Henry McDonald, “It's got fancy flats, a hotel. Even a bank. But can the Titanic Quarter stay afloat?”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Outside, a freezing wind whips across Belfast lough […].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Tommy Greene, “Lough Neagh ‘dying in plain sight’ due to vast algal blooms”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "A study showing that the temperature of the lough’s water has risen 1C since 1995, however, suggests that climate change and clearer waters as a result of an invasive zebra mussel species may also be contributing factors.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lake or long, narrow inlet, especially in Ireland."
],
"id": "en-lough-en-noun-h2cajJG6",
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"Ireland",
"Ireland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ireland) A lake or long, narrow inlet, especially in Ireland."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "in Scotland",
"word": "loch"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒx/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɒk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "Ga-lough.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Ga-lough.ogg/Ga-lough.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Ga-lough.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒx"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒk"
},
{
"homophone": "loch"
}
],
"word": "lough"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xcb",
"3": "*luch"
},
"expansion": "Cumbric *luch",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*luch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *luch",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*lokus",
"4": "",
"5": "lake, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *lokus (“lake, pool”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lough, logh, luh, borrowed from Cumbric *luch, derived from Proto-Brythonic *luch, from Proto-Celtic *lokus (“lake, pool”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lough (plural loughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cumbrian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northumbrian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lake, pool"
],
"id": "en-lough-en-noun-ZNrlCZcP",
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"pool",
"pool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northumbria, Cumbria) lake, pool"
],
"tags": [
"Cumbria",
"Northumbria"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒf"
}
],
"word": "lough"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lough",
"3": "loch"
},
"expansion": "English: lough, loch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lough, loch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: loch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: loch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Celtic language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lough",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lough (plural loughs)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lake"
],
"id": "en-lough-enm-noun-bwIfAmjV",
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loch"
],
"id": "en-lough-enm-noun-X4tnoLs3",
"links": [
[
"loch",
"loch"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "loch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "louche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "Northumbrian",
"word": "luh"
}
],
"word": "lough"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Cumbric",
"English terms borrowed from Irish",
"English terms derived from Cumbric",
"English terms derived from Irish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Irish",
"English terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with /x/",
"English terms with homophones",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Celtic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒf",
"Rhymes:English/ɒf/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɒk",
"Rhymes:English/ɒx",
"Rhymes:English/ɒx/1 syllable",
"en:Bodies of water"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Lough Allen"
},
{
"word": "Lough Neagh"
},
{
"word": "Lough Swilly"
},
{
"word": "Strangford Lough"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ga",
"3": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Irish loch",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sga",
"3": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish loch",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*loku",
"4": "",
"5": "lake, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *loku (“lake, pool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lókus",
"4": "",
"5": "pond, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loch",
"3": "Looe"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of loch and Looe",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Irish loch (from Old Irish loch), from Proto-Celtic *loku (“lake, pool”), from Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool”). Doublet of loch and Looe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lough (plural loughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Irish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 January 26, Henry McDonald, “It's got fancy flats, a hotel. Even a bank. But can the Titanic Quarter stay afloat?”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Outside, a freezing wind whips across Belfast lough […].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, Tommy Greene, “Lough Neagh ‘dying in plain sight’ due to vast algal blooms”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
"text": "A study showing that the temperature of the lough’s water has risen 1C since 1995, however, suggests that climate change and clearer waters as a result of an invasive zebra mussel species may also be contributing factors.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lake or long, narrow inlet, especially in Ireland."
],
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"Ireland",
"Ireland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ireland) A lake or long, narrow inlet, especially in Ireland."
],
"tags": [
"Ireland"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒx/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɒk/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "Ga-lough.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/Ga-lough.ogg/Ga-lough.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Ga-lough.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒx"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒk"
},
{
"homophone": "loch"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "in Scotland",
"word": "loch"
}
],
"word": "lough"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Cumbric",
"English terms derived from Cumbric",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with /x/",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Celtic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɒf",
"Rhymes:English/ɒf/1 syllable",
"en:Bodies of water"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xcb",
"3": "*luch"
},
"expansion": "Cumbric *luch",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*luch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *luch",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*lokus",
"4": "",
"5": "lake, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *lokus (“lake, pool”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lough, logh, luh, borrowed from Cumbric *luch, derived from Proto-Brythonic *luch, from Proto-Celtic *lokus (“lake, pool”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lough (plural loughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cumbrian English",
"Northumbrian English"
],
"glosses": [
"lake, pool"
],
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"pool",
"pool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northumbria, Cumbria) lake, pool"
],
"tags": [
"Cumbria",
"Northumbria"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɒf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒf"
}
],
"word": "lough"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Celtic languages",
"Middle English terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lough",
"3": "loch"
},
"expansion": "English: lough, loch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lough, loch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loch"
},
"expansion": "Scots: loch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: loch"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Celtic language.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lough",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lough (plural loughs)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lake"
],
"links": [
[
"lake",
"lake"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"loch"
],
"links": [
[
"loch",
"loch"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loch"
},
{
"word": "louche"
},
{
"alt": "Northumbrian",
"word": "luh"
}
],
"word": "lough"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lough meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.