"kr̥snós" meaning in All languages combined

See kr̥snós on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: From *kers- + *-nós or *ker-s- + *-nós. Compare Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see also *dubus (“black”) and *dubnos (“deep; world”)). Possibly related words: * Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”), kéršė (“pied cow”) and kiršlỹs (“grayling”) * Swedish harr (“grayling”) < Proto-Germanic *harzuz. See also Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”). * Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”) < *черх (*čerh) like вет (vet) < ветх (veth), if not shortened from черен (čeren, “black”). * In 3+2 anthroponyms: Thracian *kersas. * River name: Hungarian Körös (“Criș”), Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”). * Probably unrelated to Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”) and other similar words. Compare "black" (absorbing/without light) names: * burn (soot/char/tan): (*dʰegʷʰ-) Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”) : dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”), dẽglas (“black-piebald?”), (*gʷʰer-) Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”) : gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”), Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”) : čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”), (?*(s)mewg-) Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”) : Russian Church Slavonic смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”). ** See also *kerh₃- (“to burn”), *wer- (“to burn”), *dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”), *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”), *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) and Proto-Dravidian *kār. * dirt/spot: (*melh₂-/*mel-) Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”) : Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”) : Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), (*swerd-) Old High German swarz (“black”) : Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”). * dark: *(s)ḱeh₃-, *temH-, *merk-/*merHk-, *h₂mergʷ-/*mergʷ-, *h₁regʷ-, ?*dʰewbʰ-. Etymology templates: {{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*kers-}}, {{suffix|ine-pro|*kers-|*-nós}} *kers- + *-nós, {{suffix|ine-pro|*ker-|*-nós|alt1=*ker-s-}} *ker-s- + *-nós, {{nc|cel-pro|*dusnos|t=dark, brown}} Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”), {{m|cel-pro|*dubus|t=black}} *dubus (“black”), {{m|cel-pro|*dubnos|t=deep; world}} *dubnos (“deep; world”), {{cog|lt|kéršas|t=with black/white spots/patches}} Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”), {{m|lt|kéršė|t=pied cow}} kéršė (“pied cow”), {{m|lt|kiršlỹs|t=grayling}} kiršlỹs (“grayling”), {{cog|sv|harr|t=grayling}} Swedish harr (“grayling”), {{cog|gem-pro|*harzuz}} Proto-Germanic *harzuz, {{nc|urj-fin-pro|*harjus|t=grayling}} Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”), {{cog|bg|чер|t=black}} Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”), {{m|bg||*черх}} *черх (*čerh), {{m|bg|вет}} вет (vet), {{m|bg|ветх}} ветх (veth), {{m|bg|черен|t=black}} черен (čeren, “black”), {{cog|txh|*kersas}} Thracian *kersas, {{cog|hu|Körös|t=Criș}} Hungarian Körös (“Criș”), {{m|hu|Fekete-körös|t=Crișul Negru}} Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”), {{nc|trk-pro|*kara|t=black}} Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”), {{m|ine-pro|*dʰegʷʰ-}} *dʰegʷʰ-, {{nc|lt|dègti|t=to burn}} Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”), {{m|lt|dãglas|t=fire/burn-colored?}} dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”), {{m|lt|dẽglas|t=black-piebald?}} dẽglas (“black-piebald?”), {{m|ine-pro|*gʷʰer-}} *gʷʰer-, {{nc|sh|gȃr|t=ashes, cinder}} Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”), {{m|sh|gȁrav|t=soot-colored, black}} gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”), {{nc|sl|čad|t=smoke/fume, haze}} Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”), {{m|sl|čadeti|t=to become smoke-like, blackish}} čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”), {{m|ine-pro|*(s)mewg-}} *(s)mewg-, {{nc|orv|смага|t=fire, flame}} Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”), {{m|orv|смаглъ|t=dark-skinned}} смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”), {{m|ine-pro|*kerh₃-|t=to burn}} *kerh₃- (“to burn”), {{m|ine-pro|*wer-|t=to burn}} *wer- (“to burn”), {{m|ine-pro|*dʰewh₂-|t=smoke?}} *dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”), {{m|ine-pro|*h₁óngʷl̥|t=charcoal}} *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”), {{m|ine-pro|*h₂eh₁ter-|t=fire}} *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”), {{nc|dra-pro|*kār}} Proto-Dravidian *kār, {{m|ine-pro|*melh₂-}} *melh₂-, {{l|ine-pro|*mel-}} *mel-, {{nc|grc|μέλας|t=dark, black}} Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”), {{nc|sa|मल|t=dirt, filth, dust}} Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), {{nc|lv|īls|t=very dark (pitch-dark)}} Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”), {{nc|grc|ἰλύς|t=mud, slime}} Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), {{m|ine-pro|*swerd-}} *swerd-, {{nc|goh|swarz|t=black}} Old High German swarz (“black”), {{nc|la|sordēs|t=dirt, filth}} Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”), {{m|ine-pro|*(s)ḱeh₃-}} *(s)ḱeh₃-, {{m|ine-pro|*temH-}} *temH-, {{m|ine-pro|*merk-}} *merk-, {{m|ine-pro|*merHk-}} *merHk-, {{m|ine-pro|*h₂mergʷ-}} *h₂mergʷ-, {{m|ine-pro|*mergʷ-}} *mergʷ-, {{m|ine-pro|*h₁regʷ-}} *h₁regʷ-, {{m|ine-pro|*dʰewbʰ-}} *dʰewbʰ- Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|adjective|non-ablauting|||-|f2nolink=1|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *kr̥snós (non-ablauting) Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-adj|kr̥snó}} Forms: non-ablauting [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], kr̥snós [nominative, singular], kr̥snóh₁ [dual, nominative], kr̥snóes [nominative, plural], kr̥sné [singular, vocative], kr̥snóh₁ [dual, vocative], kr̥snóes [plural, vocative], kr̥snóm [accusative, singular], kr̥snóh₁ [accusative, dual], kr̥snóms [accusative, plural], kr̥snósyo [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], kr̥snóHom [genitive, plural], kr̥snéad [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], kr̥snómos [ablative, plural], kr̥snóey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], kr̥snómos [dative, plural], kr̥snéy [locative, singular], kr̥snóy [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], kr̥snóysu [locative, plural], kr̥snóh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], kr̥snṓys [instrumental, plural], kr̥snéh₂ [nominative, singular], kr̥snéh₂h₁ [dual, nominative], kr̥snéh₂h₁e [dual, nominative], kr̥snéh₂es [nominative, plural], kr̥snéh₂ [singular, vocative], kr̥snéh₂h₁ [dual, vocative], kr̥snéh₂h₁e [dual, vocative], kr̥snéh₂es [plural, vocative], kr̥snā́m [accusative, singular], kr̥snéh₂h₁ [accusative, dual], kr̥snéh₂h₁e [accusative, dual], kr̥snéh₂m̥s [accusative, plural], kr̥snéh₂s [genitive, singular], kr̥snéh₂oHom [genitive, plural], kr̥snéh₂s [ablative, singular], kr̥snéh₂mos [ablative, plural], kr̥snéh₂ey [dative, singular], kr̥snéh₂mos [dative, plural], kr̥snéh₂ [locative, singular], kr̥snéh₂i [locative, singular], kr̥snéh₂su [locative, plural], kr̥snéh₂h₁ [instrumental, singular], kr̥snéh₂mis [instrumental, plural], kr̥snóm [nominative, singular], kr̥snóy [dual, nominative], kr̥snóyh₁ [dual, nominative], kr̥snéh₂ [nominative, plural], kr̥snóm [singular, vocative], kr̥snóy [dual, vocative], kr̥snóyh₁ [dual, vocative], kr̥snéh₂ [plural, vocative], kr̥snóy [accusative, dual], kr̥snóyh₁ [accusative, dual], kr̥snéh₂ [accusative, plural]
  1. black Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kr̥snós-ine-pro-adj-wAbH46sU Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-, Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 33 67 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-: 55 45 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós: 55 45
  2. dark, dusky Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kr̥snós-ine-pro-adj-6wb~2PKs Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-, Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 33 67 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-: 55 45 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós: 55 45
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: kʷer-, ker-, ḱerh₂-, ḱers-

Download JSON data for kr̥snós meaning in All languages combined (15.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*kiršnas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*kr̥šnás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*tšārnā",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "sorrë",
            "t": "crow"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kers-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kers-",
        "3": "*-nós"
      },
      "expansion": "*kers- + *-nós",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ker-",
        "3": "*-nós",
        "alt1": "*ker-s-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ker-s- + *-nós",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dusnos",
        "t": "dark, brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dubus",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "*dubus (“black”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dubnos",
        "t": "deep; world"
      },
      "expansion": "*dubnos (“deep; world”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kéršas",
        "t": "with black/white spots/patches"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kéršė",
        "t": "pied cow"
      },
      "expansion": "kéršė (“pied cow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kiršlỹs",
        "t": "grayling"
      },
      "expansion": "kiršlỹs (“grayling”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "harr",
        "t": "grayling"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish harr (“grayling”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*harzuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harzuz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*harjus",
        "t": "grayling"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "чер",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*черх"
      },
      "expansion": "*черх (*čerh)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "вет"
      },
      "expansion": "вет (vet)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "ветх"
      },
      "expansion": "ветх (veth)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "черен",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "черен (čeren, “black”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txh",
        "2": "*kersas"
      },
      "expansion": "Thracian *kersas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "Körös",
        "t": "Criș"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian Körös (“Criș”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "Fekete-körös",
        "t": "Crișul Negru"
      },
      "expansion": "Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "*kara",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰegʷʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰegʷʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dègti",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dãglas",
        "t": "fire/burn-colored?"
      },
      "expansion": "dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dẽglas",
        "t": "black-piebald?"
      },
      "expansion": "dẽglas (“black-piebald?”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷʰer-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gȃr",
        "t": "ashes, cinder"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gȁrav",
        "t": "soot-colored, black"
      },
      "expansion": "gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "čad",
        "t": "smoke/fume, haze"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "čadeti",
        "t": "to become smoke-like, blackish"
      },
      "expansion": "čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)mewg-"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)mewg-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "смага",
        "t": "fire, flame"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "смаглъ",
        "t": "dark-skinned"
      },
      "expansion": "смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kerh₃-",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "*kerh₃- (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wer-",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "*wer- (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰewh₂-",
        "t": "smoke?"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁óngʷl̥",
        "t": "charcoal"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂eh₁ter-",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dra-pro",
        "2": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*melh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "*melh₂-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mel-"
      },
      "expansion": "*mel-",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μέλας",
        "t": "dark, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "मल",
        "t": "dirt, filth, dust"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "īls",
        "t": "very dark (pitch-dark)"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἰλύς",
        "t": "mud, slime"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*swerd-"
      },
      "expansion": "*swerd-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "swarz",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German swarz (“black”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sordēs",
        "t": "dirt, filth"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ḱeh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ḱeh₃-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*temH-"
      },
      "expansion": "*temH-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*merk-"
      },
      "expansion": "*merk-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*merHk-"
      },
      "expansion": "*merHk-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂mergʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂mergʷ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mergʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*mergʷ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁regʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁regʷ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰewbʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *kers- + *-nós or *ker-s- + *-nós. Compare Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see also *dubus (“black”) and *dubnos (“deep; world”)).\nPossibly related words:\n* Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”), kéršė (“pied cow”) and kiršlỹs (“grayling”)\n* Swedish harr (“grayling”) < Proto-Germanic *harzuz. See also Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”).\n* Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”) < *черх (*čerh) like вет (vet) < ветх (veth), if not shortened from черен (čeren, “black”).\n* In 3+2 anthroponyms: Thracian *kersas.\n* River name: Hungarian Körös (“Criș”), Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”).\n* Probably unrelated to Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”) and other similar words.\nCompare \"black\" (absorbing/without light) names:\n* burn (soot/char/tan): (*dʰegʷʰ-) Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”) : dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”), dẽglas (“black-piebald?”), (*gʷʰer-) Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”) : gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”), Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”) : čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”), (?*(s)mewg-) Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”) : Russian Church Slavonic смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”).\n** See also *kerh₃- (“to burn”), *wer- (“to burn”), *dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”), *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”), *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) and Proto-Dravidian *kār.\n* dirt/spot: (*melh₂-/*mel-) Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”) : Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”) : Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), (*swerd-) Old High German swarz (“black”) : Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”).\n* dark: *(s)ḱeh₃-, *temH-, *merk-/*merHk-, *h₂mergʷ-/*mergʷ-, *h₁regʷ-, ?*dʰewbʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "non-ablauting",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥sné",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snósyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéad",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snṓys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂m̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂oHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂ey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂mis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "non-ablauting",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*kr̥snós (non-ablauting)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kr̥snó"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kr̥snós",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kʷer-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ker-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ḱerh₂-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ḱers-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "id": "en-kr̥snós-ine-pro-adj-wAbH46sU",
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark, dusky"
      ],
      "id": "en-kr̥snós-ine-pro-adj-6wb~2PKs",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "dusky",
          "dusky"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oleg Trubachyov"
  ],
  "word": "kr̥snós"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European adjectives",
    "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-",
    "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
    "Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*kiršnas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*kr̥šnás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*tšārnā",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "sorrë",
            "t": "crow"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kers-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kers-",
        "3": "*-nós"
      },
      "expansion": "*kers- + *-nós",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ker-",
        "3": "*-nós",
        "alt1": "*ker-s-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ker-s- + *-nós",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dusnos",
        "t": "dark, brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dubus",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "*dubus (“black”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*dubnos",
        "t": "deep; world"
      },
      "expansion": "*dubnos (“deep; world”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kéršas",
        "t": "with black/white spots/patches"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kéršė",
        "t": "pied cow"
      },
      "expansion": "kéršė (“pied cow”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kiršlỹs",
        "t": "grayling"
      },
      "expansion": "kiršlỹs (“grayling”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "harr",
        "t": "grayling"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish harr (“grayling”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*harzuz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harzuz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*harjus",
        "t": "grayling"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "чер",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*черх"
      },
      "expansion": "*черх (*čerh)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "вет"
      },
      "expansion": "вет (vet)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "ветх"
      },
      "expansion": "ветх (veth)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "черен",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "черен (čeren, “black”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txh",
        "2": "*kersas"
      },
      "expansion": "Thracian *kersas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "Körös",
        "t": "Criș"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian Körös (“Criș”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "Fekete-körös",
        "t": "Crișul Negru"
      },
      "expansion": "Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trk-pro",
        "2": "*kara",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰegʷʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰegʷʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dègti",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dãglas",
        "t": "fire/burn-colored?"
      },
      "expansion": "dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "dẽglas",
        "t": "black-piebald?"
      },
      "expansion": "dẽglas (“black-piebald?”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷʰer-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gȃr",
        "t": "ashes, cinder"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "gȁrav",
        "t": "soot-colored, black"
      },
      "expansion": "gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "čad",
        "t": "smoke/fume, haze"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "čadeti",
        "t": "to become smoke-like, blackish"
      },
      "expansion": "čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)mewg-"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)mewg-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "смага",
        "t": "fire, flame"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "orv",
        "2": "смаглъ",
        "t": "dark-skinned"
      },
      "expansion": "смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kerh₃-",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "*kerh₃- (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wer-",
        "t": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "*wer- (“to burn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰewh₂-",
        "t": "smoke?"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁óngʷl̥",
        "t": "charcoal"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂eh₁ter-",
        "t": "fire"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dra-pro",
        "2": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*melh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "*melh₂-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mel-"
      },
      "expansion": "*mel-",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μέλας",
        "t": "dark, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "मल",
        "t": "dirt, filth, dust"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "īls",
        "t": "very dark (pitch-dark)"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἰλύς",
        "t": "mud, slime"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*swerd-"
      },
      "expansion": "*swerd-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "swarz",
        "t": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German swarz (“black”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sordēs",
        "t": "dirt, filth"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”)",
      "name": "nc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ḱeh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ḱeh₃-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*temH-"
      },
      "expansion": "*temH-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*merk-"
      },
      "expansion": "*merk-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*merHk-"
      },
      "expansion": "*merHk-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂mergʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂mergʷ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*mergʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*mergʷ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁regʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁regʷ-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰewbʰ-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *kers- + *-nós or *ker-s- + *-nós. Compare Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see also *dubus (“black”) and *dubnos (“deep; world”)).\nPossibly related words:\n* Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”), kéršė (“pied cow”) and kiršlỹs (“grayling”)\n* Swedish harr (“grayling”) < Proto-Germanic *harzuz. See also Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”).\n* Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”) < *черх (*čerh) like вет (vet) < ветх (veth), if not shortened from черен (čeren, “black”).\n* In 3+2 anthroponyms: Thracian *kersas.\n* River name: Hungarian Körös (“Criș”), Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”).\n* Probably unrelated to Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”) and other similar words.\nCompare \"black\" (absorbing/without light) names:\n* burn (soot/char/tan): (*dʰegʷʰ-) Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”) : dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”), dẽglas (“black-piebald?”), (*gʷʰer-) Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”) : gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”), Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”) : čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”), (?*(s)mewg-) Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”) : Russian Church Slavonic смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”).\n** See also *kerh₃- (“to burn”), *wer- (“to burn”), *dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”), *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”), *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) and Proto-Dravidian *kār.\n* dirt/spot: (*melh₂-/*mel-) Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”) : Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”) : Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), (*swerd-) Old High German swarz (“black”) : Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”).\n* dark: *(s)ḱeh₃-, *temH-, *merk-/*merHk-, *h₂mergʷ-/*mergʷ-, *h₁regʷ-, ?*dʰewbʰ-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "non-ablauting",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥sné",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snósyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéad",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snṓys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂m̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂oHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂ey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂mis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kr̥snéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "non-ablauting",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*kr̥snós (non-ablauting)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kr̥snó"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kr̥snós",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "kʷer-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ker-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ḱerh₂-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ḱers-"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dark, dusky"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ],
        [
          "dusky",
          "dusky"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oleg Trubachyov"
  ],
  "word": "kr̥snós"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.