See kr̥snós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kiršnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥šnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*tšārnā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sorrë",
"t": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*kersas",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thracian: *kersas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thracian: *kersas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kers-",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "*kers- + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ker-",
"3": "*-nós",
"alt1": "*ker-s-"
},
"expansion": "*ker-s- + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dusnos",
"t": "dark, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kéršas",
"t": "with black/white spots/patches"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "harr",
"t": "grayling"
},
"expansion": "Swedish harr (“grayling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*harzuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harzuz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*harjus",
"t": "grayling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чер",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*kersas"
},
"expansion": "Thracian *kersas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "Körös",
"t": "Criș"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian Körös (“Criș”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kara",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dègti",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "gȃr",
"t": "ashes, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čad",
"t": "smoke/fume, haze"
},
"expansion": "Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "смага",
"t": "fire, flame"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "*kār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλας",
"t": "dark, black"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मल",
"t": "dirt, filth, dust"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "īls",
"t": "very dark (pitch-dark)"
},
"expansion": "Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἰλύς",
"t": "mud, slime"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swarz",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Old High German swarz (“black”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sordēs",
"t": "dirt, filth"
},
"expansion": "Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”)",
"name": "nc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kers- + *-nós or *ker-s- + *-nós. Compare Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see also *dubus (“black”) and *dubnos (“deep; world”)).\nPossibly related words:\n* Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”), kéršė (“pied cow”) and kiršlỹs (“grayling”)\n* Swedish harr (“grayling”) < Proto-Germanic *harzuz. See also Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”).\n* Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”) < *черх (*čerh) like вет (vet) < ветх (veth), if not shortened from черен (čeren, “black”).\n* In 3+2 anthroponyms: Thracian *kersas.\n* River name: Hungarian Körös (“Criș”), Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”).\n* Probably unrelated to Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”) and other similar words.\nCompare \"black\" (absorbing/without light) names:\n* burn (soot/char/tan): (*dʰegʷʰ-) Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”) : dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”), dẽglas (“black-piebald?”), (*gʷʰer-) Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”) : gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”), Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”) : čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”), (?*(s)mewg-) Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”) : Russian Church Slavonic смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”).\n** See also *kerh₃- (“to burn”), *wer- (“to burn”), *dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”), *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”), *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) and Proto-Dravidian *kār.\n* dirt/spot: (*melh₂-/*mel-) Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”) : Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”) : Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), (*swerd-) Old High German swarz (“black”) : Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”).\n* dark: *(s)ḱeh₃-, *temH-, *merk-/*merHk-, *h₂mergʷ-/*mergʷ-, *h₁regʷ-, ?*dʰewbʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥sné",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*kr̥snós (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kr̥snó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kr̥snós",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kʷer-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ker-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ḱerh₂-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ḱers-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"id": "en-kr̥snós-ine-pro-adj-wAbH46sU",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark, dusky"
],
"id": "en-kr̥snós-ine-pro-adj-6wb~2PKs",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"dusky",
"dusky"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "kr̥snós"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adjectives",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kers-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kiršnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kiršnas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥šnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥šnás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*tšārnā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tšārnā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sorrë",
"t": "crow"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: sorrë (“crow”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*kersas",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thracian: *kersas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thracian: *kersas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kers-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kers-",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "*kers- + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ker-",
"3": "*-nós",
"alt1": "*ker-s-"
},
"expansion": "*ker-s- + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dusnos",
"t": "dark, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kéršas",
"t": "with black/white spots/patches"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "harr",
"t": "grayling"
},
"expansion": "Swedish harr (“grayling”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*harzuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harzuz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*harjus",
"t": "grayling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "чер",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "*kersas"
},
"expansion": "Thracian *kersas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "Körös",
"t": "Criș"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian Körös (“Criș”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kara",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dègti",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "gȃr",
"t": "ashes, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "čad",
"t": "smoke/fume, haze"
},
"expansion": "Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "смага",
"t": "fire, flame"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dra-pro",
"2": "*kār"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "μέλας",
"t": "dark, black"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मल",
"t": "dirt, filth, dust"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "īls",
"t": "very dark (pitch-dark)"
},
"expansion": "Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἰλύς",
"t": "mud, slime"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swarz",
"t": "black"
},
"expansion": "Old High German swarz (“black”)",
"name": "nc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sordēs",
"t": "dirt, filth"
},
"expansion": "Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”)",
"name": "nc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kers- + *-nós or *ker-s- + *-nós. Compare Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”) (see also *dubus (“black”) and *dubnos (“deep; world”)).\nPossibly related words:\n* Lithuanian kéršas (“with black/white spots/patches”), kéršė (“pied cow”) and kiršlỹs (“grayling”)\n* Swedish harr (“grayling”) < Proto-Germanic *harzuz. See also Proto-Finnic *harjus (“grayling”).\n* Bulgarian чер (čer, “black”) < *черх (*čerh) like вет (vet) < ветх (veth), if not shortened from черен (čeren, “black”).\n* In 3+2 anthroponyms: Thracian *kersas.\n* River name: Hungarian Körös (“Criș”), Fekete-körös (“Crișul Negru”).\n* Probably unrelated to Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”) and other similar words.\nCompare \"black\" (absorbing/without light) names:\n* burn (soot/char/tan): (*dʰegʷʰ-) Lithuanian dègti (“to burn”) : dãglas (“fire/burn-colored?”), dẽglas (“black-piebald?”), (*gʷʰer-) Serbo-Croatian gȃr (“ashes, cinder”) : gȁrav (“soot-colored, black”), Slovene čad (“smoke/fume, haze”) : čadeti (“to become smoke-like, blackish”), (?*(s)mewg-) Old East Slavic смага (smaga, “fire, flame”) : Russian Church Slavonic смаглъ (smaglŭ, “dark-skinned”).\n** See also *kerh₃- (“to burn”), *wer- (“to burn”), *dʰewh₂- (“smoke?”), *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”), *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”) and Proto-Dravidian *kār.\n* dirt/spot: (*melh₂-/*mel-) Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark, black”) : Sanskrit मल (mala, “dirt, filth, dust”), Latvian īls (“very dark (pitch-dark)”) : Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), (*swerd-) Old High German swarz (“black”) : Latin sordēs (“dirt, filth”).\n* dark: *(s)ḱeh₃-, *temH-, *merk-/*merHk-, *h₂mergʷ-/*mergʷ-, *h₁regʷ-, ?*dʰewbʰ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥sné",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snóyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kr̥snéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*kr̥snós (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kr̥snó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kr̥snós",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "kʷer-"
},
{
"word": "ker-"
},
{
"word": "ḱerh₂-"
},
{
"word": "ḱers-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"black"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dark, dusky"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"dusky",
"dusky"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "kr̥snós"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kr̥snós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (12.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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