See ḱerh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱérh₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kéras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέρᾰς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kérăs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kérăs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krās",
"t": "at the peak, at the start, early",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās",
"t": "tomorrow",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s-ō ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-né-s (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*new-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with *new-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱerh₂-o-now-os (literally “head nodding”) (with *new-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keronowos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cernuus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cernuus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cernuus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱerh₂-s-ro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerazrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cerebrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cerebrum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cerebrum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱer(h₂)-w-os ~ *ḱr̥(h₂)-wo-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-éw-os (“deer, stag”, literally “the horned one”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀwas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sirwis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: sirwis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: sirwis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hirvas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas, *hirvi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sërvēs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs, *sërvë (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kerawós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κερᾰός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (kerăós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (kerăós), κερᾱΐς (kerāḯs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hwás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cervus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cervus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cervus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱórh₂-we-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kárˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kárvė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kárvė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kárvė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kòrva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr(h₂)-ént-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrinþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz, *hrunþaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-es-n-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kárahna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰ́ρηνον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kắrēnon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kắrēnon) (backformation from *kárahna)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Doric: κᾰ́ρᾱνον (kắrānon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hšā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hṣā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "शीर्षा",
"tr": "śīrṣā"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥(h₂)-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥ngam",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥ngam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृङ्ग",
"t": "horn, tusk",
"tr": "śṛ́ṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kornū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kornū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kornū"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cornū",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: cornū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: cornū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śírˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սար",
"t": "tip, top; mountain"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or borrowed from the Iranian cognate"
},
"expansion": "(or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćŕ̥Has"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cr̥Háh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬀 (sara)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥h₂-s-ḗr ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-ós (“hornet”, literally “the one with horns, i.e. antennae”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀšō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "šyršyns"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: šyršyns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: šyršyns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sir̂senis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: sir̂senis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: sir̂senis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "širšuo"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: širšuo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: širšuo, šìršė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sьrxy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*herhiläinen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurnuta- ~ hurnutō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurnuta- ~ hurnutō-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurnuta- ~ hurnutō-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hurnutu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurnutu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurnutu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krāzrō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crābrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crābrō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crābrō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr-o-h₂-s-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*krōna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "krye"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: krye",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: krye"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr-ó-ur ~ *ḱr-ó-un"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "horn(s), antler(s)",
"tr": "karau̯ar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar, “horn(s), antler(s)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar, “horn(s), antler(s)”), [script needed] (surna), [script needed] (harsar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"t": "of a horn",
"tr": "zaru̯ani(ia)-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (zaru̯ani(ia)-, “of a horn”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒍪𒌨𒉌",
"t": "horn",
"tr": "zurni"
},
"expansion": "Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "[script needed] (SI-na-, “horn”), Luwian: [script needed] (zaru̯ani(ia)-, “of a horn”), Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”), [script needed] (suran-, “horn; plentifulness (?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "سرنا",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "surnā"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱeru-d- or *ḱr- + *-utaz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*herutaz",
"t": "deer, stag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάρυον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a lost verb"
},
"expansion": "(a lost verb)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: (a lost verb)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεραΐζω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to destroy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to destroy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to destroy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*κεραϝαρ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *κεραϝαρ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *κεραϝαρ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεραυνός",
"t": "thunderbolt, lightning"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κεραυνός (keraunós, “thunderbolt, lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from a verb formed as <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">ἐλαύνω</i> (elaúnō)"
},
"expansion": "(from a verb formed as ἐλαύνω (elaúnō))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κεραυνός (keraunós, “thunderbolt, lightning”) (from a verb formed as ἐλαύνω (elaúnō))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "head",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās"
},
"expansion": "Latin crās",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "*ḳarn-",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "觡",
"t": "antler"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially a collective derivation in *-h₂ from *ḱer- (“to grow”), of which the original root noun may be fossilized in Latin crās. A possible loan relation with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”) has also been suggested. However, it is probably unrelated to Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”) and 觥 (*kʷraːŋ, “drinking vessel made of animal horn”) despite the phonological and semantic resemblance between the three.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"head, top"
],
"id": "en-ḱerh₂--ine-pro-root-BHKN2nL8",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"horn"
],
"id": "en-ḱerh₂--ine-pro-root-lUMJjxcE",
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "ḱerh₂-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱérh₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kéras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέρᾰς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kérăs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kérăs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krās",
"t": "at the peak, at the start, early",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās",
"t": "tomorrow",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s-ō ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-né-s (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*new-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with *new-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱerh₂-o-now-os (literally “head nodding”) (with *new-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keronowos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cernuus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cernuus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cernuus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱerh₂-s-ro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerazrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cerebrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cerebrum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cerebrum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱer(h₂)-w-os ~ *ḱr̥(h₂)-wo-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-éw-os (“deer, stag”, literally “the horned one”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀwas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sirwis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: sirwis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: sirwis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hirvas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas, *hirvi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sërvēs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs, *sërvë (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kerawós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κερᾰός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (kerăós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (kerăós), κερᾱΐς (kerāḯs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hwás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cervus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cervus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cervus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱórh₂-we-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kárˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kárvė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kárvė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kárvė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kòrva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr(h₂)-ént-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrinþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz, *hrunþaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-es-n-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kárahna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰ́ρηνον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kắrēnon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kắrēnon) (backformation from *kárahna)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Doric: κᾰ́ρᾱνον (kắrānon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hšā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hṣā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "शीर्षा",
"tr": "śīrṣā"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥(h₂)-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥ngam",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥ngam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृङ्ग",
"t": "horn, tusk",
"tr": "śṛ́ṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kornū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kornū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kornū"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cornū",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: cornū",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: cornū (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śírˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սար",
"t": "tip, top; mountain"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or borrowed from the Iranian cognate"
},
"expansion": "(or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćŕ̥Has"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cr̥Háh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬀 (sara)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥h₂-s-ḗr ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-ós (“hornet”, literally “the one with horns, i.e. antennae”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀšō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "šyršyns"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: šyršyns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: šyršyns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sir̂senis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: sir̂senis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: sir̂senis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "širšuo"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: širšuo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: širšuo, šìršė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sьrxy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*herhiläinen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurnuta- ~ hurnutō-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurnuta- ~ hurnutō-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurnuta- ~ hurnutō-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hurnutu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurnutu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hurnutu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krāzrō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crābrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crābrō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crābrō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr-o-h₂-s-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*krōna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "krye"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: krye",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: krye"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr-ó-ur ~ *ḱr-ó-un"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "horn(s), antler(s)",
"tr": "karau̯ar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar, “horn(s), antler(s)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar, “horn(s), antler(s)”), [script needed] (surna), [script needed] (harsar)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"t": "of a horn",
"tr": "zaru̯ani(ia)-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (zaru̯ani(ia)-, “of a horn”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒍪𒌨𒉌",
"t": "horn",
"tr": "zurni"
},
"expansion": "Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "[script needed] (SI-na-, “horn”), Luwian: [script needed] (zaru̯ani(ia)-, “of a horn”), Luwian 𒍪𒌨𒉌 (zurni, “horn”), [script needed] (suran-, “horn; plentifulness (?)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "سرنا",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "surnā"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱeru-d- or *ḱr- + *-utaz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*herutaz",
"t": "deer, stag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάρυον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "a lost verb"
},
"expansion": "(a lost verb)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: (a lost verb)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεραΐζω",
"der": "1",
"t": "to destroy"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to destroy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κεραΐζω (keraḯzō, “to destroy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*κεραϝαρ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *κεραϝαρ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *κεραϝαρ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεραυνός",
"t": "thunderbolt, lightning"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κεραυνός (keraunós, “thunderbolt, lightning”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from a verb formed as <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">ἐλαύνω</i> (elaúnō)"
},
"expansion": "(from a verb formed as ἐλαύνω (elaúnō))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κεραυνός (keraunós, “thunderbolt, lightning”) (from a verb formed as ἐλαύνω (elaúnō))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "head",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās"
},
"expansion": "Latin crās",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "*ḳarn-",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "觡",
"t": "antler"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially a collective derivation in *-h₂ from *ḱer- (“to grow”), of which the original root noun may be fossilized in Latin crās. A possible loan relation with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”) has also been suggested. However, it is probably unrelated to Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”) and 觥 (*kʷraːŋ, “drinking vessel made of animal horn”) despite the phonological and semantic resemblance between the three.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"head, top"
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"horn"
],
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "ḱerh₂-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ḱerh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.