See ḱerh₂- on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krās",
"t": "at the peak, at the start, early",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās",
"t": "tomorrow",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”)\nItalian: crai (archaic)\nNeapolitan: craje\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cras\nGalician: crás (archaic)\nPortuguese: crás (archaic)\nOld Spanish: cras\nSpanish: cras (archaic)\nSardinian: cras",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”)\nItalian: crai (archaic)\nNeapolitan: craje\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cras\nGalician: crás (archaic)\nPortuguese: crás (archaic)\nOld Spanish: cras\nSpanish: cras (archaic)\nSardinian: cras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱérh₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kéras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέρᾰς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kéras)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kéras)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱerh₂-o-now-os (literally “head nodding”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keronowos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cernuus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cernuus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cernuus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s-ō ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-né-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱerh₂-s-ro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerazrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cerebrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cerebrum\nAromanian: crier\n→ Asturian: cerebru\n→ Middle English: cerebrum, cerebre, cerrebre, serabrum\nEnglish: cerebrum\nEsperanto: cerbo\n⇒ French: cérébral\n→ English: cerebral\n→ Galician: cerebro\n→ Ido: cerebro\n→ Interlingua: cerebro\n→ Italian: cerebro\nMegleno-Romanian: criel\n→ Portuguese: cérebro\nRomanian: creier\n→ Spanish: cerebro\n→ Turkish: serebrum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cerebrum\nAromanian: crier\n→ Asturian: cerebru\n→ Middle English: cerebrum, cerebre, cerrebre, serabrum\nEnglish: cerebrum\nEsperanto: cerbo\n⇒ French: cérébral\n→ English: cerebral\n→ Galician: cerebro\n→ Ido: cerebro\n→ Interlingua: cerebro\n→ Italian: cerebro\nMegleno-Romanian: criel\n→ Portuguese: cérebro\nRomanian: creier\n→ Spanish: cerebro\n→ Turkish: serebrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱórh₂-we-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kárˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kárvė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kárvė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kárvė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kòrva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: корова (korova)\nBelarusian: каро́ва (karóva)\nRussian: коро́ва (koróva)\nCarpathian Rusyn: коро́ва (koróva)\nUkrainian: коро́ва (koróva)\nSouth Slavic:\nBulgarian: кра́ва (kráva)\nMacedonian: кра́ва (kráva)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic: крȁва\nLatin: krȁva\nKajkavian (Bednja): krȍvo\nSlavomolisano: krava\nSlovene: kráva (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: kráva\nCzech: kráva\nPolabian: korvo\nPolish: krowa\nOld Slovak: krava\nPannonian Rusyn: крава (krava)\nSlovak: krava\nPomeranian:\nKashubian: karwa\nSlovincian: krôwa\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: kruwa\nLower Sorbian: krowa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: корова (korova)\nBelarusian: каро́ва (karóva)\nRussian: коро́ва (koróva)\nCarpathian Rusyn: коро́ва (koróva)\nUkrainian: коро́ва (koróva)\nSouth Slavic:\nBulgarian: кра́ва (kráva)\nMacedonian: кра́ва (kráva)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic: крȁва\nLatin: krȁva\nKajkavian (Bednja): krȍvo\nSlavomolisano: krava\nSlovene: kráva (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: kráva\nCzech: kráva\nPolabian: korvo\nPolish: krowa\nOld Slovak: krava\nPannonian Rusyn: крава (krava)\nSlovak: krava\nPomeranian:\nKashubian: karwa\nSlovincian: krôwa\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: kruwa\nLower Sorbian: krowa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr(h₂)-ént-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrinþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz\nProto-West Germanic: *hrinþ\nOld English: hrīþ (< nom.sg.), hrīþer (< nom.pl.)\nMiddle English: rother, reother, rither, rether\nEnglish: rother\nOld Frisian: hrīther, hrēther, hrinder (< nom.pl.)\nNorth Frisian: ridder, redder\nSaterland Frisian: Räier\nWest Frisian: rier\nOld Saxon: hrīth, *hrind\nMiddle Low German: rint\nLow German: Rind\nOld Dutch: hrind, rind\nMiddle Dutch: rint, rent\nDutch: rind, rend, rund (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hrunþ, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz)\nWest Flemish: rend\nOld High German: rind, hrind\nMiddle High German: rint\nAlemannic German: Rind\nCentral Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Rond, Rönd (Eifel)\nGerman: Rind\nHunsrik: Rind\nLuxembourgish: Rand\nVilamovian: rynd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz\nProto-West Germanic: *hrinþ\nOld English: hrīþ (< nom.sg.), hrīþer (< nom.pl.)\nMiddle English: rother, reother, rither, rether\nEnglish: rother\nOld Frisian: hrīther, hrēther, hrinder (< nom.pl.)\nNorth Frisian: ridder, redder\nSaterland Frisian: Räier\nWest Frisian: rier\nOld Saxon: hrīth, *hrind\nMiddle Low German: rint\nLow German: Rind\nOld Dutch: hrind, rind\nMiddle Dutch: rint, rent\nDutch: rind, rend, rund (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hrunþ, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz)\nWest Flemish: rend\nOld High German: rind, hrind\nMiddle High German: rint\nAlemannic German: Rind\nCentral Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Rond, Rönd (Eifel)\nGerman: Rind\nHunsrik: Rind\nLuxembourgish: Rand\nVilamovian: rynd\n, *hrunþaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-es-n-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kárahna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰ́ρηνον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kárēnon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kárēnon) (backformation from *kárahna)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Doric: κᾰ́ρᾱνον (kárānon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hšā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hṣā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "शीर्षा",
"tr": "śīrṣā"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥(h₂)-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: karn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: karn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "carn"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: carn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: carn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: karn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: karn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "carn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: carn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: carn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "carn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: carn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: carn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*karnon",
"t": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *karnon (“horn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *karnon (“horn”), karnuātus (“horned”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάρνον",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "Gallic horn"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: κάρνον (kárnon, “Gallic horn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: κάρνον (kárnon, “Gallic horn”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną\nProto-West Germanic: *horn\nOld English: horn\nMiddle English: horn, horne, orn\nEnglish: horn\nScots: horn\nYola: hoorn\nOld Frisian: horn\nNorth Frisian: horn\nSaterland Frisian: Houden, (Strukelje) Hudden\nWest Frisian: hoarn\nOld Saxon: horn\nMiddle Low German: horen, hōrn\nDutch Low Saxon: horn\nGerman Low German: Hoorn\nPlautdietsch: Huarn\nOld Dutch: *horn (attested in plural horni)\nMiddle Dutch: horn, horen\nDutch: hoorn, horen\nAfrikaans: horing\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hurun, hurunu, hornu\nNegerhollands: horn\nOld High German: horn\nMiddle High German: horn\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Horn\nLuxembourgish: Har\nCimbrian: hòrn\nGerman: Horn\nRhine Franconian:\nFrankfurterisch: [hɔɐ̯n]\nYiddish: האָרן (horn)\nProto-Norse: ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna) (attested on the Gallehus horns)\nOld Norse: horn\nIcelandic: horn\nFaroese: horn\nNorn: honnj\nNorwegian Nynorsk: horn, (dialectal) hønn\nNorwegian Bokmål: horn\nOld Swedish: horn\nSwedish: horn\nDanish: horn\nGothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną\nProto-West Germanic: *horn\nOld English: horn\nMiddle English: horn, horne, orn\nEnglish: horn\nScots: horn\nYola: hoorn\nOld Frisian: horn\nNorth Frisian: horn\nSaterland Frisian: Houden, (Strukelje) Hudden\nWest Frisian: hoarn\nOld Saxon: horn\nMiddle Low German: horen, hōrn\nDutch Low Saxon: horn\nGerman Low German: Hoorn\nPlautdietsch: Huarn\nOld Dutch: *horn (attested in plural horni)\nMiddle Dutch: horn, horen\nDutch: hoorn, horen\nAfrikaans: horing\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hurun, hurunu, hornu\nNegerhollands: horn\nOld High German: horn\nMiddle High German: horn\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Horn\nLuxembourgish: Har\nCimbrian: hòrn\nGerman: Horn\nRhine Franconian:\nFrankfurterisch: [hɔɐ̯n]\nYiddish: האָרן (horn)\nProto-Norse: ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna) (attested on the Gallehus horns)\nOld Norse: horn\nIcelandic: horn\nFaroese: horn\nNorn: honnj\nNorwegian Nynorsk: horn, (dialectal) hønn\nNorwegian Bokmål: horn\nOld Swedish: horn\nSwedish: horn\nDanish: horn\nGothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥ngam",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥ngam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृङ्ग",
"t": "horn, tusk",
"tr": "śṛ́ṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”)\nPali: siṅga\nAshokan Prakrit:\nMagadhi Prakrit:\nAssamese: শিং (xiṅ)\nBengali: শিং (śiṅ), শিঙা (śiṅa)\nOdia: ଶିଙ (śiṅa), ଶିଙ୍ଗ (śiṅga)\nSylheti: ꠢꠤꠋ (hiṅ)\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕 (siṃga), 𑀲𑀁𑀕 (saṃga)\nOld Marathi:\nDevanagari script: सिंग (siṃga)\nModi script: 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘐 (siṃga)\nMarathi: शिंग (śiṅga)\nRomani: śing, shing (Anglicized), šing (Pan-Vlax)\nSauraseni Apabhramsa:\nHindustani:\nHindi: सींग (sīṅg)\nUrdu: سینگ (sīṅg)\nPaisaci Prakrit:\nTakka Apabhramsa:\nPunjabi: ਸਿੰਗ (siṅg), سنگ (siṅg)\n→ Kannada: ಶೃಂಗ (śṛṅga)\n→ Telugu: శృంగము (śr̥ṅgamu)\nThai: ศฤงค์\n→ Hindi: शृंग (śŕṅg) (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”)\nPali: siṅga\nAshokan Prakrit:\nMagadhi Prakrit:\nAssamese: শিং (xiṅ)\nBengali: শিং (śiṅ), শিঙা (śiṅa)\nOdia: ଶିଙ (śiṅa), ଶିଙ୍ଗ (śiṅga)\nSylheti: ꠢꠤꠋ (hiṅ)\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕 (siṃga), 𑀲𑀁𑀕 (saṃga)\nOld Marathi:\nDevanagari script: सिंग (siṃga)\nModi script: 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘐 (siṃga)\nMarathi: शिंग (śiṅga)\nRomani: śing, shing (Anglicized), šing (Pan-Vlax)\nSauraseni Apabhramsa:\nHindustani:\nHindi: सींग (sīṅg)\nUrdu: سینگ (sīṅg)\nPaisaci Prakrit:\nTakka Apabhramsa:\nPunjabi: ਸਿੰਗ (siṅg), سنگ (siṅg)\n→ Kannada: ಶೃಂಗ (śṛṅga)\n→ Telugu: శృంగము (śr̥ṅgamu)\nThai: ศฤงค์\n→ Hindi: शृंग (śŕṅg) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kornū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kornū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kornū"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cornū",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: cornū\nAromanian: cornu\nAsturian: cuernu\nCatalan: corn\nDalmatian: cuarno\nEnglish: cornet, corn, -corn\nEsperanto: korno\nFranco-Provençal: côrna\nFrench: cor, corne\nFriulian: cuar\nGalician: corno\nIdo: korno\n→ Irish: corn\nIstriot: cuorno\nItalian: corno\nOld French: corn, corne\nPortuguese: corno\nRomanian: corn\nRomansch: corn, corna\nSardinian: corru\nSicilian: cornu\nSpanish: cuerno\nVenetan: corno\n→ Welsh: corn\nOccitan: còrn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: cornū\nAromanian: cornu\nAsturian: cuernu\nCatalan: corn\nDalmatian: cuarno\nEnglish: cornet, corn, -corn\nEsperanto: korno\nFranco-Provençal: côrna\nFrench: cor, corne\nFriulian: cuar\nGalician: corno\nIdo: korno\n→ Irish: corn\nIstriot: cuorno\nItalian: corno\nOld French: corn, corne\nPortuguese: corno\nRomanian: corn\nRomansch: corn, corna\nSardinian: corru\nSicilian: cornu\nSpanish: cuerno\nVenetan: corno\n→ Welsh: corn\nOccitan: còrn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śírˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ\nEast Baltic:\nOld Latvian: sirna\nLatvian: stir̃na\nLithuanian: stìrna\nProto-Slavic: *sь̀rna (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ\nEast Baltic:\nOld Latvian: sirna\nLatvian: stir̃na\nLithuanian: stìrna\nProto-Slavic: *sь̀rna (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սար",
"t": "tip, top; mountain"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or borrowed from the Iranian cognate"
},
"expansion": "(or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćŕ̥Has"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cr̥Háh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬀 (sara)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥h₂-s-ḗr ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-ós (“hornet”, literally “the one with horns, i.e. antennae”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀšō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "šyršyns"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: šyršyns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: šyršyns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sir̂senis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: sir̂senis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: sir̂senis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "širšuo"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: širšuo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: širšuo, šìršė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sьrxy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: сьршень (sĭršenĭ), шьршень (šĭršenĭ)\nBelarusian: шэ́ршань (šéršanʹ)\nRussian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nUkrainian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nSouth Slavic:\nChurch Slavonic: стръшень (strŭšenĭ), сръшень (srŭšenĭ)\nBulgarian: стъ́ршел (stǎ́ršel), щъ́рсел (štǎ́rsel)\nMacedonian: стршен (stršen), стршлен (stršlen)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ср̏ше̄н, стр̏шљен\nLatin script: sȑšen, stȑšljēn\nSlovene: sršȅn, sršẹ̑n, sŕšen (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: sršen\nCzech: sršeň\nBohemian (Chod dialect): sršán\nMoravian (Mistřice): sršeň\nKashubian: szerszéń\nOld Polish: sirszeń\nPolish: szerszeń\nPolabian: sarsin\nSlovak: sršeň\nSorbian:\nLower Sorbian: šeršeń\nUpper Sorbian: šeršeń",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: сьршень (sĭršenĭ), шьршень (šĭršenĭ)\nBelarusian: шэ́ршань (šéršanʹ)\nRussian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nUkrainian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nSouth Slavic:\nChurch Slavonic: стръшень (strŭšenĭ), сръшень (srŭšenĭ)\nBulgarian: стъ́ршел (stǎ́ršel), щъ́рсел (štǎ́rsel)\nMacedonian: стршен (stršen), стршлен (stršlen)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ср̏ше̄н, стр̏шљен\nLatin script: sȑšen, stȑšljēn\nSlovene: sršȅn, sršẹ̑n, sŕšen (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: sršen\nCzech: sršeň\nBohemian (Chod dialect): sršán\nMoravian (Mistřice): sršeň\nKashubian: szerszéń\nOld Polish: sirszeń\nPolish: szerszeń\nPolabian: sarsin\nSlovak: sršeň\nSorbian:\nLower Sorbian: šeršeń\nUpper Sorbian: šeršeń"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*herhiläinen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurznutō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurznutō",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurznutō now at Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hurnutu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krāzrō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crābrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crābrō\n→ Esperanto: krabro\nItalian: calabrone\nLombard: gravalòn\nVenetan: graón, gravarón, graùgn\nWest Iberian\nPortuguese: cambrão\nSpanish: cambrón\n→ Portuguese: crabro\n⇒ Vulgar Latin: *crabrus\nOld Spanish: caparra\nSpanish: garrapata",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crābrō\n→ Esperanto: krabro\nItalian: calabrone\nLombard: gravalòn\nVenetan: graón, gravarón, graùgn\nWest Iberian\nPortuguese: cambrão\nSpanish: cambrón\n→ Portuguese: crabro\n⇒ Vulgar Latin: *crabrus\nOld Spanish: caparra\nSpanish: garrapata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥h₂-wós, *ḱér-wo-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-éw-os (“deer, stag”, literally “the horned one”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀwas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sirwis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: sirwis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: sirwis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hirvas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas, *hirvi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sërvēs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs, *sërvë (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos\nProto-Brythonic: *karw\nMiddle Breton: caro, qaro\nBreton: karv\nOld Cornish: karow\nCornish: karow\nOld Welsh: caru\nMiddle Welsh: carw\nWelsh: carw\nGaulish: caruus, carvos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos\nProto-Brythonic: *karw\nMiddle Breton: caro, qaro\nBreton: karv\nOld Cornish: karow\nCornish: karow\nOld Welsh: caru\nMiddle Welsh: carw\nWelsh: carw\nGaulish: caruus, carvos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kerawós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κερᾰός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (keraós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (keraós), κερᾱΐς (kerāḯs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hwás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás\nProto-Iranian: *cr̥Hwáh (“horn”)\nAvestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā)\nKhwarezmian: [script needed] (šw)\nKhotanese: ṣu-, ṣṣu-\nKurdish:\nNorthern Kurdish: strû (“horn”)\nCentral Kurdish: ئەسرۆ (esro, “horn”)\nMiddle Persian:\nBook Pahlavi: [script needed] (slwb' /srū/, “horn, nail”)\nPersian: سرو (surū, “animal horn”)\nOssetian:\nDigor: сиуӕ (siwæ)\nIron: сы (sy)\n→ Old Armenian: սրուակ (sruak)\n→ Proto-Finno-Ugric: *śarwe (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás\nProto-Iranian: *cr̥Hwáh (“horn”)\nAvestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā)\nKhwarezmian: [script needed] (šw)\nKhotanese: ṣu-, ṣṣu-\nKurdish:\nNorthern Kurdish: strû (“horn”)\nCentral Kurdish: ئەسرۆ (esro, “horn”)\nMiddle Persian:\nBook Pahlavi: [script needed] (slwb' /srū/, “horn, nail”)\nPersian: سرو (surū, “animal horn”)\nOssetian:\nDigor: сиуӕ (siwæ)\nIron: сы (sy)\n→ Old Armenian: սրուակ (sruak)\n→ Proto-Finno-Ugric: *śarwe (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cervus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cervus\nBalkan Romance:\nAromanian: tserbu\nMegleno-Romanian: țerb\nRomanian: cerb\nGallo-Italic:\nLigurian: çervo\nLombard: cèrf\nVenetan: cervo\nGallo-Romance:\nFranco-Provençal: cèrf\nOld French: cerf\nFrench: cerf\nPicard: cherfe\nOccitano-Romance:\nOld Catalan: cervo\nCatalan: cervo\nOld Occitan:\nOccitan: cèrvi\nRhaeto-Romance:\nFriulian: cierf\nLadin: cerf\nRomansch: tschierv\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: ciervu\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cervo\nGalician: cervo\nPortuguese: cervo\nOld Spanish:\nSpanish: ciervo\nItalo-Dalmatian:\nCorsican: cervu\nGallurese: celvu\nItalian: cervo\nSassarese: zèivu\nSicilian: cervu\nSardinian:\nCampidanese: cerbu\nLogudorese: chervu\nNuorese: chervu\nBorrowings:\n→ Dutch: cerviduct\n→ Esperanto: cervo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cervus\nBalkan Romance:\nAromanian: tserbu\nMegleno-Romanian: țerb\nRomanian: cerb\nGallo-Italic:\nLigurian: çervo\nLombard: cèrf\nVenetan: cervo\nGallo-Romance:\nFranco-Provençal: cèrf\nOld French: cerf\nFrench: cerf\nPicard: cherfe\nOccitano-Romance:\nOld Catalan: cervo\nCatalan: cervo\nOld Occitan:\nOccitan: cèrvi\nRhaeto-Romance:\nFriulian: cierf\nLadin: cerf\nRomansch: tschierv\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: ciervu\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cervo\nGalician: cervo\nPortuguese: cervo\nOld Spanish:\nSpanish: ciervo\nItalo-Dalmatian:\nCorsican: cervu\nGallurese: celvu\nItalian: cervo\nSassarese: zèivu\nSicilian: cervu\nSardinian:\nCampidanese: cerbu\nLogudorese: chervu\nNuorese: chervu\nBorrowings:\n→ Dutch: cerviduct\n→ Esperanto: cervo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr-o-h₂-s-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*krōna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "krye"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: krye",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: krye"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "karau̯ar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar), [script needed] (surna), [script needed] (harsar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "zurni"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (zurni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (zurni)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "سرنا",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "surnā"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā), سورنای (surnây), سرنای (sornây), زرنا (zornâ)\n→ Azerbaijani: zurna\n→ Ottoman Turkish: زورنا (zurnâ), زرنا (zurna)\nTurkish: zurna\n→ Bulgarian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܪܢܐ (zurnā)\n→ English: zurna\n→ Georgian: ზურნა (zurna)\n→ Bats: ზურნ (zurn)\n→ Greek: ζουρνάς (zournás)\n→ Macedonian: зурла (zurla)\n→ Middle Armenian: զուռնայ (zuṙnay), զոռնա (zoṙna)\nArmenian: զուռնա (zuṙna)\n→ Russian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: зу̑рна\nLatin script: zȗrna\n→ Kazakh: сырнай (syrnai)\n→ Chinese:\nMandarin: 嗩吶／唢呐 (suǒnà), 唢呐 (suǒnà)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā), سورنای (surnây), سرنای (sornây), زرنا (zornâ)\n→ Azerbaijani: zurna\n→ Ottoman Turkish: زورنا (zurnâ), زرنا (zurna)\nTurkish: zurna\n→ Bulgarian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܪܢܐ (zurnā)\n→ English: zurna\n→ Georgian: ზურნა (zurna)\n→ Bats: ზურნ (zurn)\n→ Greek: ζουρνάς (zournás)\n→ Macedonian: зурла (zurla)\n→ Middle Armenian: զուռնայ (zuṙnay), զոռնա (zoṙna)\nArmenian: զուռնա (zuṙna)\n→ Russian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: зу̑рна\nLatin script: zȗrna\n→ Kazakh: сырнай (syrnai)\n→ Chinese:\nMandarin: 嗩吶／唢呐 (suǒnà), 唢呐 (suǒnà)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*herutaz",
"t": "deer, stag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”)\nProto-West Germanic: *herut\nOld English: heorot, heorut, heort\nMiddle English: hert, harte, hartt, heert, heort\nEnglish: hart\nScots: hert\nOld Frisian: hert\nSaterland Frisian: Hart\nWest Frisian: hart\nOld Saxon: hirut, hirot\nMiddle Low German: herte, harte\n⇒ German Low German: Hartbuck\nOld Dutch: hirut\nMiddle Dutch: hert, hēert\nDutch: hert, hart\nAfrikaans: hert\nLimburgish: hèrtj\nOld High German: hiruz, hirz\nMiddle High German: hirz\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: hirsch\nMòcheno: hirsch\nGerman: Hirsch\n→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch\n→ North Frisian: hirsk\n→ Plautdietsch: Hersch\n→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk\nLuxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)\nYiddish: הירש (hirsh)\nOld Norse: hjǫrtr\nIcelandic: hjörtur\nFaroese: hjørtur\nNorwegian: hjort\nOld Swedish: hiorter\nSwedish: hjort\nDanish: hjort\nGutnish: hjort",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”)\nProto-West Germanic: *herut\nOld English: heorot, heorut, heort\nMiddle English: hert, harte, hartt, heert, heort\nEnglish: hart\nScots: hert\nOld Frisian: hert\nSaterland Frisian: Hart\nWest Frisian: hart\nOld Saxon: hirut, hirot\nMiddle Low German: herte, harte\n⇒ German Low German: Hartbuck\nOld Dutch: hirut\nMiddle Dutch: hert, hēert\nDutch: hert, hart\nAfrikaans: hert\nLimburgish: hèrtj\nOld High German: hiruz, hirz\nMiddle High German: hirz\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: hirsch\nMòcheno: hirsch\nGerman: Hirsch\n→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch\n→ North Frisian: hirsk\n→ Plautdietsch: Hersch\n→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk\nLuxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)\nYiddish: הירש (hirsh)\nOld Norse: hjǫrtr\nIcelandic: hjörtur\nFaroese: hjørtur\nNorwegian: hjort\nOld Swedish: hiorter\nSwedish: hjort\nDanish: hjort\nGutnish: hjort"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάρυον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "head",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās"
},
"expansion": "Latin crās",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "*ḳarn-",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "觡",
"t": "antler"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially a collective derivation in *-h₂ from *ḱer- (“to grow”), of which the original root noun may be fossilized in Latin crās. A possible loan relation with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”) has also been suggested. However, it is probably unrelated to Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”) and 觥 (*kʷraːŋ, “drinking vessel made of animal horn”) despite the phonological and semantic resemblance between the three.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"head, top"
],
"id": "en-ḱerh₂--ine-pro-root-BHKN2nL8",
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"horn"
],
"id": "en-ḱerh₂--ine-pro-root-lUMJjxcE",
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "ḱerh₂-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-és (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krās",
"t": "at the peak, at the start, early",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *krās (“at the peak, at the start, early”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās",
"t": "tomorrow",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”)\nItalian: crai (archaic)\nNeapolitan: craje\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cras\nGalician: crás (archaic)\nPortuguese: crás (archaic)\nOld Spanish: cras\nSpanish: cras (archaic)\nSardinian: cras",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: crās (“tomorrow”)\nItalian: crai (archaic)\nNeapolitan: craje\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cras\nGalician: crás (archaic)\nPortuguese: crás (archaic)\nOld Spanish: cras\nSpanish: cras (archaic)\nSardinian: cras"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱérh₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kéras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kéras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέρᾰς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kéras)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέρᾰς (kéras)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱerh₂-o-now-os (literally “head nodding”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keronowos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keronowos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cernuus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cernuus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cernuus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱérh₂-s-ō ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-né-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱerh₂-s-ro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerazrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerazrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cerebrum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cerebrum\nAromanian: crier\n→ Asturian: cerebru\n→ Middle English: cerebrum, cerebre, cerrebre, serabrum\nEnglish: cerebrum\nEsperanto: cerbo\n⇒ French: cérébral\n→ English: cerebral\n→ Galician: cerebro\n→ Ido: cerebro\n→ Interlingua: cerebro\n→ Italian: cerebro\nMegleno-Romanian: criel\n→ Portuguese: cérebro\nRomanian: creier\n→ Spanish: cerebro\n→ Turkish: serebrum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cerebrum\nAromanian: crier\n→ Asturian: cerebru\n→ Middle English: cerebrum, cerebre, cerrebre, serabrum\nEnglish: cerebrum\nEsperanto: cerbo\n⇒ French: cérébral\n→ English: cerebral\n→ Galician: cerebro\n→ Ido: cerebro\n→ Interlingua: cerebro\n→ Italian: cerebro\nMegleno-Romanian: criel\n→ Portuguese: cérebro\nRomanian: creier\n→ Spanish: cerebro\n→ Turkish: serebrum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱórh₂-we-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kárˀwāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kárˀwāˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kárvė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kárvė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kárvė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kòrva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: корова (korova)\nBelarusian: каро́ва (karóva)\nRussian: коро́ва (koróva)\nCarpathian Rusyn: коро́ва (koróva)\nUkrainian: коро́ва (koróva)\nSouth Slavic:\nBulgarian: кра́ва (kráva)\nMacedonian: кра́ва (kráva)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic: крȁва\nLatin: krȁva\nKajkavian (Bednja): krȍvo\nSlavomolisano: krava\nSlovene: kráva (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: kráva\nCzech: kráva\nPolabian: korvo\nPolish: krowa\nOld Slovak: krava\nPannonian Rusyn: крава (krava)\nSlovak: krava\nPomeranian:\nKashubian: karwa\nSlovincian: krôwa\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: kruwa\nLower Sorbian: krowa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *kòrva\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: корова (korova)\nBelarusian: каро́ва (karóva)\nRussian: коро́ва (koróva)\nCarpathian Rusyn: коро́ва (koróva)\nUkrainian: коро́ва (koróva)\nSouth Slavic:\nBulgarian: кра́ва (kráva)\nMacedonian: кра́ва (kráva)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic: крȁва\nLatin: krȁva\nKajkavian (Bednja): krȍvo\nSlavomolisano: krava\nSlovene: kráva (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: kráva\nCzech: kráva\nPolabian: korvo\nPolish: krowa\nOld Slovak: krava\nPannonian Rusyn: крава (krava)\nSlovak: krava\nPomeranian:\nKashubian: karwa\nSlovincian: krôwa\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: kruwa\nLower Sorbian: krowa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr(h₂)-ént-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱrént-os ~ *ḱrn̥t-és-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrinþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz\nProto-West Germanic: *hrinþ\nOld English: hrīþ (< nom.sg.), hrīþer (< nom.pl.)\nMiddle English: rother, reother, rither, rether\nEnglish: rother\nOld Frisian: hrīther, hrēther, hrinder (< nom.pl.)\nNorth Frisian: ridder, redder\nSaterland Frisian: Räier\nWest Frisian: rier\nOld Saxon: hrīth, *hrind\nMiddle Low German: rint\nLow German: Rind\nOld Dutch: hrind, rind\nMiddle Dutch: rint, rent\nDutch: rind, rend, rund (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hrunþ, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz)\nWest Flemish: rend\nOld High German: rind, hrind\nMiddle High German: rint\nAlemannic German: Rind\nCentral Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Rond, Rönd (Eifel)\nGerman: Rind\nHunsrik: Rind\nLuxembourgish: Rand\nVilamovian: rynd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hrinþaz\nProto-West Germanic: *hrinþ\nOld English: hrīþ (< nom.sg.), hrīþer (< nom.pl.)\nMiddle English: rother, reother, rither, rether\nEnglish: rother\nOld Frisian: hrīther, hrēther, hrinder (< nom.pl.)\nNorth Frisian: ridder, redder\nSaterland Frisian: Räier\nWest Frisian: rier\nOld Saxon: hrīth, *hrind\nMiddle Low German: rint\nLow German: Rind\nOld Dutch: hrind, rind\nMiddle Dutch: rint, rent\nDutch: rind, rend, rund (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hrunþ, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz)\nWest Flemish: rend\nOld High German: rind, hrind\nMiddle High German: rint\nAlemannic German: Rind\nCentral Franconian: Rend, Renk (native in most of Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Rond, Rönd (Eifel)\nGerman: Rind\nHunsrik: Rind\nLuxembourgish: Rand\nVilamovian: rynd\n, *hrunþaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-es-n-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kárahna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kárahna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰ́ρηνον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kárēnon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρηνον (kárēnon) (backformation from *kárahna)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Doric: κᾰ́ρᾱνον (kárānon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hšā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hšā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hṣā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hṣā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "शीर्षा",
"tr": "śīrṣā"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षा (śīrṣā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥(h₂)-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karnos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: karn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: karn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "carn"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: carn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: carn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Breton: karn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: karn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "carn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: carn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: carn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "carn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: carn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: carn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*karnon",
"t": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *karnon (“horn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *karnon (“horn”), karnuātus (“horned”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάρνον",
"bor": "1",
"gloss": "Gallic horn"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: κάρνον (kárnon, “Gallic horn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: κάρνον (kárnon, “Gallic horn”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną\nProto-West Germanic: *horn\nOld English: horn\nMiddle English: horn, horne, orn\nEnglish: horn\nScots: horn\nYola: hoorn\nOld Frisian: horn\nNorth Frisian: horn\nSaterland Frisian: Houden, (Strukelje) Hudden\nWest Frisian: hoarn\nOld Saxon: horn\nMiddle Low German: horen, hōrn\nDutch Low Saxon: horn\nGerman Low German: Hoorn\nPlautdietsch: Huarn\nOld Dutch: *horn (attested in plural horni)\nMiddle Dutch: horn, horen\nDutch: hoorn, horen\nAfrikaans: horing\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hurun, hurunu, hornu\nNegerhollands: horn\nOld High German: horn\nMiddle High German: horn\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Horn\nLuxembourgish: Har\nCimbrian: hòrn\nGerman: Horn\nRhine Franconian:\nFrankfurterisch: [hɔɐ̯n]\nYiddish: האָרן (horn)\nProto-Norse: ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna) (attested on the Gallehus horns)\nOld Norse: horn\nIcelandic: horn\nFaroese: horn\nNorn: honnj\nNorwegian Nynorsk: horn, (dialectal) hønn\nNorwegian Bokmål: horn\nOld Swedish: horn\nSwedish: horn\nDanish: horn\nGothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurną\nProto-West Germanic: *horn\nOld English: horn\nMiddle English: horn, horne, orn\nEnglish: horn\nScots: horn\nYola: hoorn\nOld Frisian: horn\nNorth Frisian: horn\nSaterland Frisian: Houden, (Strukelje) Hudden\nWest Frisian: hoarn\nOld Saxon: horn\nMiddle Low German: horen, hōrn\nDutch Low Saxon: horn\nGerman Low German: Hoorn\nPlautdietsch: Huarn\nOld Dutch: *horn (attested in plural horni)\nMiddle Dutch: horn, horen\nDutch: hoorn, horen\nAfrikaans: horing\nBerbice Creole Dutch: hurun, hurunu, hornu\nNegerhollands: horn\nOld High German: horn\nMiddle High German: horn\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Horn\nLuxembourgish: Har\nCimbrian: hòrn\nGerman: Horn\nRhine Franconian:\nFrankfurterisch: [hɔɐ̯n]\nYiddish: האָרן (horn)\nProto-Norse: ᚺᛟᚱᚾᚨ (horna) (attested on the Gallehus horns)\nOld Norse: horn\nIcelandic: horn\nFaroese: horn\nNorn: honnj\nNorwegian Nynorsk: horn, (dialectal) hønn\nNorwegian Bokmål: horn\nOld Swedish: horn\nSwedish: horn\nDanish: horn\nGothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥ngam",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥ngam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥ngam"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृङ्ग",
"t": "horn, tusk",
"tr": "śṛ́ṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”)\nPali: siṅga\nAshokan Prakrit:\nMagadhi Prakrit:\nAssamese: শিং (xiṅ)\nBengali: শিং (śiṅ), শিঙা (śiṅa)\nOdia: ଶିଙ (śiṅa), ଶିଙ୍ଗ (śiṅga)\nSylheti: ꠢꠤꠋ (hiṅ)\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕 (siṃga), 𑀲𑀁𑀕 (saṃga)\nOld Marathi:\nDevanagari script: सिंग (siṃga)\nModi script: 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘐 (siṃga)\nMarathi: शिंग (śiṅga)\nRomani: śing, shing (Anglicized), šing (Pan-Vlax)\nSauraseni Apabhramsa:\nHindustani:\nHindi: सींग (sīṅg)\nUrdu: سینگ (sīṅg)\nPaisaci Prakrit:\nTakka Apabhramsa:\nPunjabi: ਸਿੰਗ (siṅg), سنگ (siṅg)\n→ Kannada: ಶೃಂಗ (śṛṅga)\n→ Telugu: శృంగము (śr̥ṅgamu)\nThai: ศฤงค์\n→ Hindi: शृंग (śŕṅg) (learned)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शृङ्ग (śṛ́ṅga, “horn, tusk”)\nPali: siṅga\nAshokan Prakrit:\nMagadhi Prakrit:\nAssamese: শিং (xiṅ)\nBengali: শিং (śiṅ), শিঙা (śiṅa)\nOdia: ଶିଙ (śiṅa), ଶିଙ୍ଗ (śiṅga)\nSylheti: ꠢꠤꠋ (hiṅ)\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕 (siṃga), 𑀲𑀁𑀕 (saṃga)\nOld Marathi:\nDevanagari script: सिंग (siṃga)\nModi script: 𑘭𑘱𑘽𑘐 (siṃga)\nMarathi: शिंग (śiṅga)\nRomani: śing, shing (Anglicized), šing (Pan-Vlax)\nSauraseni Apabhramsa:\nHindustani:\nHindi: सींग (sīṅg)\nUrdu: سینگ (sīṅg)\nPaisaci Prakrit:\nTakka Apabhramsa:\nPunjabi: ਸਿੰਗ (siṅg), سنگ (siṅg)\n→ Kannada: ಶೃಂಗ (śṛṅga)\n→ Telugu: శృంగము (śr̥ṅgamu)\nThai: ศฤงค์\n→ Hindi: शृंग (śŕṅg) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kornū"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kornū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kornū"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cornū",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: cornū\nAromanian: cornu\nAsturian: cuernu\nCatalan: corn\nDalmatian: cuarno\nEnglish: cornet, corn, -corn\nEsperanto: korno\nFranco-Provençal: côrna\nFrench: cor, corne\nFriulian: cuar\nGalician: corno\nIdo: korno\n→ Irish: corn\nIstriot: cuorno\nItalian: corno\nOld French: corn, corne\nPortuguese: corno\nRomanian: corn\nRomansch: corn, corna\nSardinian: corru\nSicilian: cornu\nSpanish: cuerno\nVenetan: corno\n→ Welsh: corn\nOccitan: còrn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: cornū\nAromanian: cornu\nAsturian: cuernu\nCatalan: corn\nDalmatian: cuarno\nEnglish: cornet, corn, -corn\nEsperanto: korno\nFranco-Provençal: côrna\nFrench: cor, corne\nFriulian: cuar\nGalician: corno\nIdo: korno\n→ Irish: corn\nIstriot: cuorno\nItalian: corno\nOld French: corn, corne\nPortuguese: corno\nRomanian: corn\nRomansch: corn, corna\nSardinian: corru\nSicilian: cornu\nSpanish: cuerno\nVenetan: corno\n→ Welsh: corn\nOccitan: còrn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śírˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ\nEast Baltic:\nOld Latvian: sirna\nLatvian: stir̃na\nLithuanian: stìrna\nProto-Slavic: *sь̀rna (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śírˀnāˀ\nEast Baltic:\nOld Latvian: sirna\nLatvian: stir̃na\nLithuanian: stìrna\nProto-Slavic: *sь̀rna (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱŕ̥h₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սար",
"t": "tip, top; mountain"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or borrowed from the Iranian cognate"
},
"expansion": "(or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սար (sar, “tip, top; mountain”) (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćŕ̥Has"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćŕ̥Has"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिर"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शिर (śira)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cr̥Háh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cr̥Háh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬀 (sara)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥h₂-s-ḗr ~ *ḱr̥h₂-s-n-ós (“hornet”, literally “the one with horns, i.e. antennae”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀšō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀšō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "šyršyns"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: šyršyns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: šyršyns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sir̂senis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: sir̂senis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: sir̂senis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "širšuo"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: širšuo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: širšuo, šìršė"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sьrxy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: сьршень (sĭršenĭ), шьршень (šĭršenĭ)\nBelarusian: шэ́ршань (šéršanʹ)\nRussian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nUkrainian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nSouth Slavic:\nChurch Slavonic: стръшень (strŭšenĭ), сръшень (srŭšenĭ)\nBulgarian: стъ́ршел (stǎ́ršel), щъ́рсел (štǎ́rsel)\nMacedonian: стршен (stršen), стршлен (stršlen)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ср̏ше̄н, стр̏шљен\nLatin script: sȑšen, stȑšljēn\nSlovene: sršȅn, sršẹ̑n, sŕšen (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: sršen\nCzech: sršeň\nBohemian (Chod dialect): sršán\nMoravian (Mistřice): sršeň\nKashubian: szerszéń\nOld Polish: sirszeń\nPolish: szerszeń\nPolabian: sarsin\nSlovak: sršeň\nSorbian:\nLower Sorbian: šeršeń\nUpper Sorbian: šeršeń",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrxy\nEast Slavic:\nOld East Slavic: сьршень (sĭršenĭ), шьршень (šĭršenĭ)\nBelarusian: шэ́ршань (šéršanʹ)\nRussian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nUkrainian: ше́ршень (šéršenʹ)\nSouth Slavic:\nChurch Slavonic: стръшень (strŭšenĭ), сръшень (srŭšenĭ)\nBulgarian: стъ́ршел (stǎ́ršel), щъ́рсел (štǎ́rsel)\nMacedonian: стршен (stršen), стршлен (stršlen)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: ср̏ше̄н, стр̏шљен\nLatin script: sȑšen, stȑšljēn\nSlovene: sršȅn, sršẹ̑n, sŕšen (tonal orthography)\nWest Slavic:\nOld Czech: sršen\nCzech: sršeň\nBohemian (Chod dialect): sršán\nMoravian (Mistřice): sršeň\nKashubian: szerszéń\nOld Polish: sirszeń\nPolish: szerszeń\nPolabian: sarsin\nSlovak: sršeň\nSorbian:\nLower Sorbian: šeršeń\nUpper Sorbian: šeršeń"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*herhiläinen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *herhiläinen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hurznutō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hurznutō",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hurznutō now at Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hurnutu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*krāzrō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *krāzrō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crābrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crābrō\n→ Esperanto: krabro\nItalian: calabrone\nLombard: gravalòn\nVenetan: graón, gravarón, graùgn\nWest Iberian\nPortuguese: cambrão\nSpanish: cambrón\n→ Portuguese: crabro\n⇒ Vulgar Latin: *crabrus\nOld Spanish: caparra\nSpanish: garrapata",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crābrō\n→ Esperanto: krabro\nItalian: calabrone\nLombard: gravalòn\nVenetan: graón, gravarón, graùgn\nWest Iberian\nPortuguese: cambrão\nSpanish: cambrón\n→ Portuguese: crabro\n⇒ Vulgar Latin: *crabrus\nOld Spanish: caparra\nSpanish: garrapata"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥h₂-wós, *ḱér-wo-s ~ *ḱr̥h₂-éw-os (“deer, stag”, literally “the horned one”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*śirˀwas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śirˀwas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "sirwis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: sirwis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: sirwis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hirvas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *hirvas, *hirvi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sërvēs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *sërvēs, *sërvë (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos\nProto-Brythonic: *karw\nMiddle Breton: caro, qaro\nBreton: karv\nOld Cornish: karow\nCornish: karow\nOld Welsh: caru\nMiddle Welsh: carw\nWelsh: carw\nGaulish: caruus, carvos",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *karwos\nProto-Brythonic: *karw\nMiddle Breton: caro, qaro\nBreton: karv\nOld Cornish: karow\nCornish: karow\nOld Welsh: caru\nMiddle Welsh: carw\nWelsh: carw\nGaulish: caruus, carvos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kerawós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kerawós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κερᾰός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (keraós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κερᾰός (keraós), κερᾱΐς (kerāḯs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćr̥Hwás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás\nProto-Iranian: *cr̥Hwáh (“horn”)\nAvestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā)\nKhwarezmian: [script needed] (šw)\nKhotanese: ṣu-, ṣṣu-\nKurdish:\nNorthern Kurdish: strû (“horn”)\nCentral Kurdish: ئەسرۆ (esro, “horn”)\nMiddle Persian:\nBook Pahlavi: [script needed] (slwb' /srū/, “horn, nail”)\nPersian: سرو (surū, “animal horn”)\nOssetian:\nDigor: сиуӕ (siwæ)\nIron: сы (sy)\n→ Old Armenian: սրուակ (sruak)\n→ Proto-Finno-Ugric: *śarwe (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hwás\nProto-Iranian: *cr̥Hwáh (“horn”)\nAvestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā)\nKhwarezmian: [script needed] (šw)\nKhotanese: ṣu-, ṣṣu-\nKurdish:\nNorthern Kurdish: strû (“horn”)\nCentral Kurdish: ئەسرۆ (esro, “horn”)\nMiddle Persian:\nBook Pahlavi: [script needed] (slwb' /srū/, “horn, nail”)\nPersian: سرو (surū, “animal horn”)\nOssetian:\nDigor: сиуӕ (siwæ)\nIron: сы (sy)\n→ Old Armenian: սրուակ (sruak)\n→ Proto-Finno-Ugric: *śarwe (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kerwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kerwos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cervus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cervus\nBalkan Romance:\nAromanian: tserbu\nMegleno-Romanian: țerb\nRomanian: cerb\nGallo-Italic:\nLigurian: çervo\nLombard: cèrf\nVenetan: cervo\nGallo-Romance:\nFranco-Provençal: cèrf\nOld French: cerf\nFrench: cerf\nPicard: cherfe\nOccitano-Romance:\nOld Catalan: cervo\nCatalan: cervo\nOld Occitan:\nOccitan: cèrvi\nRhaeto-Romance:\nFriulian: cierf\nLadin: cerf\nRomansch: tschierv\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: ciervu\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cervo\nGalician: cervo\nPortuguese: cervo\nOld Spanish:\nSpanish: ciervo\nItalo-Dalmatian:\nCorsican: cervu\nGallurese: celvu\nItalian: cervo\nSassarese: zèivu\nSicilian: cervu\nSardinian:\nCampidanese: cerbu\nLogudorese: chervu\nNuorese: chervu\nBorrowings:\n→ Dutch: cerviduct\n→ Esperanto: cervo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cervus\nBalkan Romance:\nAromanian: tserbu\nMegleno-Romanian: țerb\nRomanian: cerb\nGallo-Italic:\nLigurian: çervo\nLombard: cèrf\nVenetan: cervo\nGallo-Romance:\nFranco-Provençal: cèrf\nOld French: cerf\nFrench: cerf\nPicard: cherfe\nOccitano-Romance:\nOld Catalan: cervo\nCatalan: cervo\nOld Occitan:\nOccitan: cèrvi\nRhaeto-Romance:\nFriulian: cierf\nLadin: cerf\nRomansch: tschierv\nIbero-Romance:\nAsturian: ciervu\nOld Galician-Portuguese: cervo\nGalician: cervo\nPortuguese: cervo\nOld Spanish:\nSpanish: ciervo\nItalo-Dalmatian:\nCorsican: cervu\nGallurese: celvu\nItalian: cervo\nSassarese: zèivu\nSicilian: cervu\nSardinian:\nCampidanese: cerbu\nLogudorese: chervu\nNuorese: chervu\nBorrowings:\n→ Dutch: cerviduct\n→ Esperanto: cervo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr-o-h₂-s-no-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*krōna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *krōna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "krye"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: krye",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: krye"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "karau̯ar"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (karau̯ar), [script needed] (surna), [script needed] (harsar)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "zurni"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (zurni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (zurni)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "سرنا",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "surnā"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā), سورنای (surnây), سرنای (sornây), زرنا (zornâ)\n→ Azerbaijani: zurna\n→ Ottoman Turkish: زورنا (zurnâ), زرنا (zurna)\nTurkish: zurna\n→ Bulgarian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܪܢܐ (zurnā)\n→ English: zurna\n→ Georgian: ზურნა (zurna)\n→ Bats: ზურნ (zurn)\n→ Greek: ζουρνάς (zournás)\n→ Macedonian: зурла (zurla)\n→ Middle Armenian: զուռնայ (zuṙnay), զոռնա (zoṙna)\nArmenian: զուռնա (zuṙna)\n→ Russian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: зу̑рна\nLatin script: zȗrna\n→ Kazakh: сырнай (syrnai)\n→ Chinese:\nMandarin: 嗩吶／唢呐 (suǒnà), 唢呐 (suǒnà)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: سرنا (surnā), سورنای (surnây), سرنای (sornây), زرنا (zornâ)\n→ Azerbaijani: zurna\n→ Ottoman Turkish: زورنا (zurnâ), زرنا (zurna)\nTurkish: zurna\n→ Bulgarian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܪܢܐ (zurnā)\n→ English: zurna\n→ Georgian: ზურნა (zurna)\n→ Bats: ზურნ (zurn)\n→ Greek: ζουρνάς (zournás)\n→ Macedonian: зурла (zurla)\n→ Middle Armenian: զուռնայ (zuṙnay), զոռնա (zoṙna)\nArmenian: զուռնա (zuṙna)\n→ Russian: зурна́ (zurná)\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic script: зу̑рна\nLatin script: zȗrna\n→ Kazakh: сырнай (syrnai)\n→ Chinese:\nMandarin: 嗩吶／唢呐 (suǒnà), 唢呐 (suǒnà)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*herutaz",
"t": "deer, stag"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”)\nProto-West Germanic: *herut\nOld English: heorot, heorut, heort\nMiddle English: hert, harte, hartt, heert, heort\nEnglish: hart\nScots: hert\nOld Frisian: hert\nSaterland Frisian: Hart\nWest Frisian: hart\nOld Saxon: hirut, hirot\nMiddle Low German: herte, harte\n⇒ German Low German: Hartbuck\nOld Dutch: hirut\nMiddle Dutch: hert, hēert\nDutch: hert, hart\nAfrikaans: hert\nLimburgish: hèrtj\nOld High German: hiruz, hirz\nMiddle High German: hirz\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: hirsch\nMòcheno: hirsch\nGerman: Hirsch\n→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch\n→ North Frisian: hirsk\n→ Plautdietsch: Hersch\n→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk\nLuxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)\nYiddish: הירש (hirsh)\nOld Norse: hjǫrtr\nIcelandic: hjörtur\nFaroese: hjørtur\nNorwegian: hjort\nOld Swedish: hiorter\nSwedish: hjort\nDanish: hjort\nGutnish: hjort",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *herutaz (“deer, stag”)\nProto-West Germanic: *herut\nOld English: heorot, heorut, heort\nMiddle English: hert, harte, hartt, heert, heort\nEnglish: hart\nScots: hert\nOld Frisian: hert\nSaterland Frisian: Hart\nWest Frisian: hart\nOld Saxon: hirut, hirot\nMiddle Low German: herte, harte\n⇒ German Low German: Hartbuck\nOld Dutch: hirut\nMiddle Dutch: hert, hēert\nDutch: hert, hart\nAfrikaans: hert\nLimburgish: hèrtj\nOld High German: hiruz, hirz\nMiddle High German: hirz\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: hirsch\nMòcheno: hirsch\nGerman: Hirsch\n→ Luxembourgish: Hirsch\n→ North Frisian: hirsk\n→ Plautdietsch: Hersch\n→ Saterland Frisian: Hirsk\nLuxembourgish: Hierz (archaic)\nYiddish: הירש (hirsh)\nOld Norse: hjǫrtr\nIcelandic: hjörtur\nFaroese: hjørtur\nNorwegian: hjort\nOld Swedish: hiorter\nSwedish: hjort\nDanish: hjort\nGutnish: hjort"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάρυον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάρυον (káruon)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "head",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crās"
},
"expansion": "Latin crās",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "*ḳarn-",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "觡",
"t": "antler"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially a collective derivation in *-h₂ from *ḱer- (“to grow”), of which the original root noun may be fossilized in Latin crās. A possible loan relation with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- (“horn”) has also been suggested. However, it is probably unrelated to Old Chinese 觡 (*kraːɡ, “antler”) and 觥 (*kʷraːŋ, “drinking vessel made of animal horn”) despite the phonological and semantic resemblance between the three.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"head, top"
],
"links": [
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"horn"
],
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "ḱerh₂-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ḱerh₂- meaning in All languages combined (32.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.