See kʷer- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kʷer- meaning in All languages combined (23.2kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént",
"pos": "root aorist"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒅕𒈪",
"pos": "1sg.pres.act.",
"tr": "ku-er-mi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣",
"pos": "3sg.pres.act.",
"t": "to cut, to cut up, to cut off",
"tr": "ku-e-er-zi"
},
"expansion": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫",
"pos": "3sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "ku-e-er-ta"
},
"expansion": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "kuwarti"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kūra",
"t": "he built"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷert",
"t": "make, cause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷert (“make, cause”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷert (“make, cause”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "paras",
"pos": "3sg.pret."
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peri"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: peri",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "paraf",
"pos": "1sg.pres."
},
"expansion": "paraf (1sg.pres.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: peri; paraf (1sg.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hákart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti",
"pos": "(h₁)se-desiderative"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "ku-e-er-šu-un"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "2sg.imp.act.",
"t": "to cut off",
"tr": "kur-ša-a-i"
},
"expansion": "[script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.), [script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥-",
"pos": "secondary intensive"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "kurkuriyat"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kárkr̥t"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥t",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥t"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kárkr̥t"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥t",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥t"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "करिकृत्",
"tr": "kárikṛt"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikṛt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikṛt)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷe-kʷór-e",
"pos": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "*kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चकार",
"t": "had made",
"tr": "cakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “had made”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “had made”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti",
"pos": "reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative"
},
"expansion": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*číkr̥Hšati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चिकीर्षति",
"tr": "cíkīrṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti",
"pos": "éye-causative"
},
"expansion": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कारयति",
"tr": "kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कारयते",
"tr": "kāráyate"
},
"expansion": "कारयते (kāráyate)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati), कारयते (kāráyate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti"
},
"expansion": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "ku-kur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "part.",
"t": "to cut up, to mutilate",
"tr": "ku-gur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-), Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti",
"pos": "néw-present"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti",
"pos": "sḱe-present"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "3sg.",
"tr": "kuraskizzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "3pl.",
"tr": "kureskanzi"
},
"expansion": "[script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.), [script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कर्मन्",
"t": "act, action",
"tr": "kárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-ōr"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-ōr",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-ōr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλωρ",
"t": "supernatural monster"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελώριος",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πελώριος",
"t": "gigantic, enormous"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷór-o-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷór-o-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kā́rah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "work, deed, affair",
"tr": "kʾl",
"ts": "kār"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کار",
"t": "work",
"tr": "kâr"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृति",
"t": "the act of doing",
"tr": "kṛ́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cruth",
"t": "form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd",
"t": "form, time"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prydaf",
"t": "compose poetry, versify"
},
"expansion": "prydaf (“compose poetry, versify”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”), prydaf (“compose poetry, versify”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-tó-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-tó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥tás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-yos"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-yos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷaryos",
"t": "cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷór-yo-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷór-yo-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷór-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कार्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*karyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tšerkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sarkë",
"t": "build, frame"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kēr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "*ker-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-, *ker-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kẽras",
"t": "charm, magic"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kerė́ti",
"t": "to enchant, charm, bewitch"
},
"expansion": "kerė́ti (“to enchant, charm, bewitch”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kùrti",
"3": "",
"4": "to do, make, build"
},
"expansion": "kùrti (“to do, make, build”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”), kerė́ti (“to enchant, charm, bewitch”), kùrti (“to do, make, build”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čarъ",
"t": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čara",
"t": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "*čara (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”), *čara (“magic, sorcery”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritenī"
},
"expansion": "*kʷritenī",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī, *kʷritenī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Pritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Pritenī"
},
"expansion": "*Pritenī",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Brɨθon"
},
"expansion": "*Brɨθon",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī, *Pritenī, ?*Brɨθon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "Prydein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: Prydein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: Prydein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "Prydain"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: Prydain",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "Brython"
},
"expansion": "Brython",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: Prydain, ?Brython"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Πρεττανία",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Βρεττανία"
},
"expansion": "Βρεττανία (Brettanía)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía), Βρεττανία (Brettanía)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Brittānia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Brittānia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Brittānia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρας",
"alt": "τέραος, τέρας"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τέραος, τέρας (téraos, téras)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τέραος, τέρας (téraos, téras) (< *kʷer-n̥ts ~ *kʷer-n̥tos)? (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭪𐭫𐭩",
"tr": "-kly",
"ts": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ـگر",
"tr": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "karel"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: karel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: karel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerū"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerū"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"id": "en-kʷer--ine-pro-root-IXZV9I3e",
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make"
],
"id": "en-kʷer--ine-pro-root-akNDa9RO",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to build"
],
"id": "en-kʷer--ine-pro-root-D9q-mEa7",
"links": [
[
"build",
"build"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to do, make; act vigorously",
"word": "yeh₁-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to prepare, make ready",
"word": "h₂er-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kʷer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént",
"pos": "root aorist"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-t ~ *kʷr-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒅕𒈪",
"pos": "1sg.pres.act.",
"tr": "ku-er-mi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣",
"pos": "3sg.pres.act.",
"t": "to cut, to cut up, to cut off",
"tr": "ku-e-er-zi"
},
"expansion": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫",
"pos": "3sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "ku-e-er-ta"
},
"expansion": "𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"tr": "kuwarti"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kūra",
"t": "he built"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷert",
"t": "make, cause"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷert (“make, cause”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷert (“make, cause”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "paras",
"pos": "3sg.pret."
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "peri"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: peri",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "paraf",
"pos": "1sg.pres."
},
"expansion": "paraf (1sg.pres.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: peri; paraf (1sg.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Hákart"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti",
"pos": "(h₁)se-desiderative"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷér-(h₁)s-onti ((h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "1sg.pret.act.",
"tr": "ku-e-er-šu-un"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "2sg.imp.act.",
"t": "to cut off",
"tr": "kur-ša-a-i"
},
"expansion": "[script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-e-er-šu-un, 1sg.pret.act.), [script needed] (kur-ša-a-i, “to cut off”, 2sg.imp.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥-",
"pos": "secondary intensive"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-kʷor- ~ *kʷér-kʷr̥- (secondary intensive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "kurkuriyat"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kurkuriyat)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kárkr̥t"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥t",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárkr̥t"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kárkr̥t"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥t",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárkr̥t"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "करिकृत्",
"tr": "kárikṛt"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikṛt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: करिकृत् (kárikṛt)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷe-kʷór-e",
"pos": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "*kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷe-kʷór-e (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakā́ra"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चकार",
"t": "had made",
"tr": "cakā́ra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “had made”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चकार (cakā́ra, “had made”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti",
"pos": "reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative"
},
"expansion": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-eti ~ *kʷí-kʷr̥-(h₁)s-onti (reduplicated (h₁)se-desiderative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*číkr̥Hšati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číkr̥Hšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćíkr̥Hṣati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चिकीर्षति",
"tr": "cíkīrṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चिकीर्षति (cíkīrṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti",
"pos": "éye-causative"
},
"expansion": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷor-éye-ti ~ *kʷor-éy-onti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कारयति",
"tr": "kāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कारयते",
"tr": "kāráyate"
},
"expansion": "कारयते (kāráyate)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कारयति (kāráyati), कारयते (kāráyate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti"
},
"expansion": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷ-kʷr̥s-eti ~ *kʷ-kʷr̥s-onti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"tr": "ku-kur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "part.",
"t": "to cut up, to mutilate",
"tr": "ku-gur-ša-an-t-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (ku-kur-ša-an-t-), Hittite: [script needed] (ku-gur-ša-an-t-, “to cut up, to mutilate”, part.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti",
"pos": "néw-present"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-néw-ti ~ *kʷr̥-nw-énti (néw-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti",
"pos": "sḱe-present"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-sḱ-éti ~ *kʷr̥-sḱ-ónti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "3sg.",
"tr": "kuraskizzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"pos": "3pl.",
"tr": "kureskanzi"
},
"expansion": "[script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kuraski[zzi], 3sg.), [script needed] (kureskanzi, 3pl.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-mn̥ ~ *kʷr̥-méns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कर्मन्",
"t": "act, action",
"tr": "kárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कर्मन् (kárman, “act, action”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-ōr"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-ōr",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-ōr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλωρ",
"t": "supernatural monster"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέλωρ (pélōr, “supernatural monster”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελώριος",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πελώριος (pelṓrios)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πελώριος",
"t": "gigantic, enormous"
},
"expansion": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: πελώριος (pelórios, “gigantic, enormous”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷór-o-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷór-o-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kā́rah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kā́rah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "work, deed, affair",
"tr": "kʾl",
"ts": "kār"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾl /kār/, “work, deed, affair”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کار",
"t": "work",
"tr": "kâr"
},
"expansion": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: کار (kâr, “work”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-tis ~ *kʷr̥-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kŕ̥tiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥tiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृति",
"t": "the act of doing",
"tr": "kṛ́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृति (kṛ́ti, “the act of doing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷér-tu-s ~ *kʷr̥-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cruth",
"t": "form"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cruth (“form”), crud\nIrish: cruth\nManx: croo\nScottish Gaelic: cruth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd",
"t": "form, time"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prydaf",
"t": "compose poetry, versify"
},
"expansion": "prydaf (“compose poetry, versify”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: pryd (“form, time”), prydaf (“compose poetry, versify”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-tó-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-tó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kr̥tás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥tás (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷr̥-yos"
},
"expansion": "*kʷr̥-yos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷr̥-yos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷaryos",
"t": "cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷaryos (“cauldron”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷór-yo-s"
},
"expansion": "*kʷór-yo-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*kʷór-yo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kā́ryas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kā́ryas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कार्य"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कार्य (kārya) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*karyah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *karyah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (kaⁱriia)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tšerkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tšerkā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sarkë",
"t": "build, frame"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: sarkë (“build, frame”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kēr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ker-"
},
"expansion": "*ker-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kēr-, *ker-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kẽras",
"t": "charm, magic"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kerė́ti",
"t": "to enchant, charm, bewitch"
},
"expansion": "kerė́ti (“to enchant, charm, bewitch”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kùrti",
"3": "",
"4": "to do, make, build"
},
"expansion": "kùrti (“to do, make, build”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: kẽras (“charm, magic”), kerė́ti (“to enchant, charm, bewitch”), kùrti (“to do, make, build”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čarъ",
"t": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čara",
"t": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "*čara (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”), *čara (“magic, sorcery”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷritenī"
},
"expansion": "*kʷritenī",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷritanī, *kʷritenī"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Pritanī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Pritenī"
},
"expansion": "*Pritenī",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*Brɨθon"
},
"expansion": "*Brɨθon",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *Pritanī, *Pritenī, ?*Brɨθon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "Prydein"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: Prydein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: Prydein"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "Prydain"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: Prydain",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "Brython"
},
"expansion": "Brython",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: Prydain, ?Brython"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Πρεττανία",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Βρεττανία"
},
"expansion": "Βρεττανία (Brettanía)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Πρεττανία (Prettanía), Βρεττανία (Brettanía)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Brittānia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Brittānia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Brittānia"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τέρας",
"alt": "τέραος, τέρας"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τέραος, τέρας (téraos, téras)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τέραος, τέρας (téraos, téras) (< *kʷer-n̥ts ~ *kʷer-n̥tos)? (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐭪𐭫𐭩",
"tr": "-kly",
"ts": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭫𐭩 (-kly /-gar/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ـگر",
"tr": "-gar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: ـگر (-gar)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "karel"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: karel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: karel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerū"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerū"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to make"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to build"
],
"links": [
[
"build",
"build"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "to do, make; act vigorously",
"word": "yeh₁-"
},
{
"english": "to prepare, make ready",
"word": "h₂er-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "kʷer-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.