See kolda on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kolda meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kold"
}
],
"glosses": [
"partitive singular of kold"
],
"id": "en-kolda-et-noun-VOUfglL2",
"links": [
[
"kold",
"kold#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kold"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illative singular of kold"
],
"id": "en-kolda-et-noun-98qbmg09",
"links": [
[
"kold",
"kold#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"illative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "en",
"3": "cold"
},
"expansion": "English cold",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "de",
"3": "kalt"
},
"expansion": "German kalt",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cold",
"2": "",
"3": "kalt"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English cold, German kalt.",
"name": "io-bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "147",
"p": "530",
"vol": "3"
},
"expansion": "Decision no. 147, Progreso III.",
"name": "progreso"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English cold, German kalt. Decision no. 147, Progreso III.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "io-head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "varma"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ido terms approved in Progreso III",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cold, coldness",
"word": "koldeso"
},
{
"english": "to become cold, grow cool",
"word": "koldeskar"
},
{
"english": "to make cold, cool",
"word": "koldigar"
},
{
"english": "cool, frosty",
"word": "koldeta"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The last night was desperately cold.",
"ref": "1914, Progreso, page 19",
"text": "La lasta nokto esis desesperigive kolda.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"id": "en-kolda-io-adj-4nLe7N5y",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkolda/"
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kolmatoi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kooldak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kooldak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kale-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kale-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kooldak, from Proto-Uralic *kale-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-conj-purda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kolen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koled",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kole",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koleb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koleba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koliba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kole",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kole",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnugoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koližin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"potential",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koližid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolned",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"potential",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koliži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuiži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolneb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"potential",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koližim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koližit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"potential",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koližiba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižiba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolneba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"potential",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koliži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"connegative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuiži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"connegative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kolne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "koldes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"inessive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"instructive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"participle",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koldud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "verbs",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "vep-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vep-conj-purda"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to die"
],
"id": "en-kolda-vep-verb-L2Mli9fq",
"links": [
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to die out, to become extinct"
],
"id": "en-kolda-vep-verb-uXPZD6lw",
"links": [
[
"die out",
"die out"
],
[
"extinct",
"extinct"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кало́да"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaladė",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада",
"t": "block"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кла́да"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "клада"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: клада (klada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: клада (klada)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кла̏да",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "klȁda",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: klȁda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: klȁda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kláda",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ku̯ada"
},
"expansion": "ku̯ada",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "klådă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: klådă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: klådă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kłoda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kłoda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "klada"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: klada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: klada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kłóda"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kálˀdāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kold-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hultą",
"3": "",
"4": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλάδος",
"3": "",
"4": "branch, shoot"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kolti"
},
"expansion": "*kolti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kelh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, chop, hew"
},
"expansion": "*kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic глада (glada)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гладъкъ",
"t": "smooth; even"
},
"expansion": "гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гладити",
"t": "to stroke; to smooth, polish"
},
"expansion": "гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).\nThe /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kòlda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòlda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kòlda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"block, log"
],
"id": "en-kolda-sla-pro-noun-m~7v5QVA",
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"log",
"log"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kold"
}
],
"glosses": [
"partitive singular of kold"
],
"links": [
[
"kold",
"kold#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kold"
}
],
"glosses": [
"illative singular of kold"
],
"links": [
[
"kold",
"kold#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"illative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "cold, coldness",
"word": "koldeso"
},
{
"english": "to become cold, grow cool",
"word": "koldeskar"
},
{
"english": "to make cold, cool",
"word": "koldigar"
},
{
"english": "cool, frosty",
"word": "koldeta"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "en",
"3": "cold"
},
"expansion": "English cold",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "de",
"3": "kalt"
},
"expansion": "German kalt",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cold",
"2": "",
"3": "kalt"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English cold, German kalt.",
"name": "io-bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "147",
"p": "530",
"vol": "3"
},
"expansion": "Decision no. 147, Progreso III.",
"name": "progreso"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English cold, German kalt. Decision no. 147, Progreso III.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "io-head"
}
],
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "varma"
}
],
"categories": [
"Ido adjectives",
"Ido entries with incorrect language header",
"Ido lemmas",
"Ido terms approved in Progreso III",
"Ido terms borrowed from English",
"Ido terms borrowed from German",
"Ido terms derived from English",
"Ido terms derived from German",
"Ido terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ido terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The last night was desperately cold.",
"ref": "1914, Progreso, page 19",
"text": "La lasta nokto esis desesperigive kolda.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkolda/"
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кало́да"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaladė",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада",
"t": "block"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кла́да"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "клада"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: клада (klada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: клада (klada)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кла̏да",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "klȁda",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: klȁda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: klȁda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kláda",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ku̯ada"
},
"expansion": "ku̯ada",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "klådă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: klådă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: klådă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kłoda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kłoda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "klada"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: klada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: klada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kłóda"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kálˀdāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kold-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hultą",
"3": "",
"4": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλάδος",
"3": "",
"4": "branch, shoot"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kolti"
},
"expansion": "*kolti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kelh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, chop, hew"
},
"expansion": "*kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic глада (glada)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гладъкъ",
"t": "smooth; even"
},
"expansion": "гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "гладити",
"t": "to stroke; to smooth, polish"
},
"expansion": "гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).\nThe /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kòlda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòlda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "kòldo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kòlda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
"Slovene terms with quotations",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"block, log"
],
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"log",
"log"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"Veps lemmas",
"Veps purda-type verbs",
"Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Veps terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Veps terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Veps verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kolmatoi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*kooldak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *kooldak",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*kale-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kale-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *kooldak, from Proto-Uralic *kale-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-conj-purda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kolen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koled",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kole",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koleb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koli",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koldas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koleba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koliba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kole",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kole",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnugoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolgoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koližin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"potential",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koližid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolned",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"potential",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koliži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuiži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolneb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"potential",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koližim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koližit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"potential",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koližiba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuižiba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kolneba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"potential",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "koliži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"connegative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnuiži",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"connegative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kolne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"connegative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "koldes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"inessive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"instructive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"participle",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kolnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kolmat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "koldud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "verbs",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kolda",
"name": "vep-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "vep-conj-purda"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to die"
],
"links": [
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to die out, to become extinct"
],
"links": [
[
"die out",
"die out"
],
[
"extinct",
"extinct"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.