See kolda in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кало́да"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaladė",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада",
"t": "block"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кла́да"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "клада"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: клада (klada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: клада (klada)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кла̏да",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "klȁda",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: klȁda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: klȁda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kláda",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "klådă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: klådă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: klådă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kłoda\nPolish: kłoda",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kłoda\nPolish: kłoda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "klada"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: klada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: klada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kłóda"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kálˀdāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kold-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hultą",
"3": "",
"4": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλάδος",
"3": "",
"4": "branch, shoot"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic глада (glada)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).\nThe /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kòlda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kòlda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kòlda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"block, log"
],
"id": "en-kolda-sla-pro-noun-m~7v5QVA",
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"log",
"log"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кало́да"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "коло́да"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaladė",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: kaladė"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада",
"t": "block"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кла́да"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "клада"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: клада (klada)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: клада (klada)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кла̏да",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: кла̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "klȁda",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: klȁda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: klȁda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kláda",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kláda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: kláda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: kláda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "klådă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: klådă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: klådă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: kłoda\nPolish: kłoda",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: kłoda\nPolish: kłoda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "klada"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: klada",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: klada"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "kłóda"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: kłóda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kłoda"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kłoda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kálˀdāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kold-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hultą",
"3": "",
"4": "wood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κλάδος",
"3": "",
"4": "branch, shoot"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "глада"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic глада (glada)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).\nThe /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kòlda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kòlda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kòldy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kòlda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"block, log"
],
"links": [
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"log",
"log"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kolda"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kolda meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.