See kauwen on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "doorkauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "herkauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwbeweging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwgebit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwgom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwmaag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwmiddel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwspier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwtabak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kauwtand"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kieskauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "samenkauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stukkauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "voorkauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zoetekauw"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kou"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "kau"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "kāue"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: kāue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: kāue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "kauw",
"3": "kou"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: kauw, kou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: kauw, kou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "kaw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: kaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: kaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "kou",
"3": "kauw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: kou, kauw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: kou, kauw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "kaw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: kaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: kaw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kiuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kiuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaw"
},
"expansion": "English chaw",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cauwen, variant of couwen, cuwen, from Old Dutch *kiuwan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną. Though auw and ouw are now homophonous, they were formerly distinguished. The origin of the unexpected auw-vocalism is uncertain, but has been compared to English chaw versus chew.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekauwd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kauwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kau‧wen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kauw"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to chew"
],
"id": "en-kauwen-nl-verb-omctL7eg",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to chew"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 23 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 22 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to chew up, to form by chewing"
],
"id": "en-kauwen-nl-verb-NwY7S8rJ",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to chew up, to form by chewing"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑu̯.ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kauwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg/Nl-kauwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
},
{
"homophone": "kouwen"
}
],
"word": "kauwen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kauwen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kau‧wen"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kauw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of kauw"
],
"id": "en-kauwen-nl-noun-oVyQDX-5",
"links": [
[
"kauw",
"kauw#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑu̯.ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kauwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg/Nl-kauwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
},
{
"homophone": "kouwen"
}
],
"word": "kauwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "doorkauwen"
},
{
"word": "herkauwen"
},
{
"word": "kauwbeweging"
},
{
"word": "kauwgebit"
},
{
"word": "kauwgom"
},
{
"word": "kauwmaag"
},
{
"word": "kauwmiddel"
},
{
"word": "kauwspier"
},
{
"word": "kauwtabak"
},
{
"word": "kauwtand"
},
{
"word": "kieskauwen"
},
{
"word": "samenkauwen"
},
{
"word": "stukkauwen"
},
{
"word": "voorkauwen"
},
{
"word": "zoetekauw"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kou"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "kau"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: kau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "kāue"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: kāue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: kāue"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "kauw",
"3": "kou"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: kauw, kou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: kauw, kou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "kaw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: kaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: kaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "kou",
"3": "kauw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: kou, kauw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: kou, kauw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "kaw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: kaw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: kaw"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "cauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kiuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kiuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*keuwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaw"
},
"expansion": "English chaw",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch cauwen, variant of couwen, cuwen, from Old Dutch *kiuwan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, from Proto-Germanic *kewwaną. Though auw and ouw are now homophonous, they were formerly distinguished. The origin of the unexpected auw-vocalism is uncertain, but has been compared to English chaw versus chew.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kauwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gekauwd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kauwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kau‧wen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kauw"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to chew"
],
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to chew"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to chew up, to form by chewing"
],
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to chew up, to form by chewing"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑu̯.ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kauwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg/Nl-kauwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
},
{
"homophone": "kouwen"
}
],
"word": "kauwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "kauwen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kau‧wen"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kauw"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of kauw"
],
"links": [
[
"kauw",
"kauw#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑu̯.ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kauwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg/Nl-kauwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nl-kauwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
},
{
"homophone": "kouwen"
}
],
"word": "kauwen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kauwen meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.