See incumbent on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for incumbent meaning in All languages combined (39.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "incumbently"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subincumbent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superincumbent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superincumbently"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-",
"4": "*ḱewb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "incumbentem"
},
"expansion": "Latin incumbentem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ent",
"pos": "suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action"
},
"expansion": "-ent (suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Incumbentem"
},
"expansion": "Incumbentem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "accusative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "singular"
},
"expansion": "singular",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "incumbēns",
"t": "reclining"
},
"expansion": "incumbēns (“reclining”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "incumbō",
"t": "to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on"
},
"expansion": "incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’"
},
"expansion": "in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*cumbō",
"t": "to lie down, recline"
},
"expansion": "*cumbō (“to lie down, recline”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin incumbentem + English -ent (suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action). Incumbentem is the accusative singular of incumbēns (“reclining”), the present active participle of incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’) + *cumbō (“to lie down, recline”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more incumbent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most incumbent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "incumbent (comparative more incumbent, superlative most incumbent)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"in‧cumb‧ent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 4 1 16 1 1 21 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 1 14 1 2 19 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 2 13 1 3 18 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 7 3 12 4 3 18 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 3 0 11 10 0 16 1 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1857, Asa Gray, “Lesson XVII. Morphology of the Stamens.”, in First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology, […], New York, N.Y.: Ivison & Phinney and G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam & Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 293, page 113",
"text": "[T]he anther either looks inwards or outwards. When it is turned inwards, or is fixed to that side of the filament which looks towards the pistil or centre of the flower, the anther is incumbent or intorse, as in Magnolia and the Water-Lily. When turned outwards, or fixed to the outer side of the filament, it is extorse, as in the Tulip-tree.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"Of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; also, of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-dp0CqEtd",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"upon",
"upon#Preposition"
],
[
"leaning",
"lean#Verb"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"reclining",
"reclining#Adjective"
],
[
"resting",
"resting#Adjective"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"anther",
"anther"
],
[
"inner",
"inner#Adjective"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"filament",
"filament"
],
[
"cotyledon",
"cotyledon"
],
[
"back",
"back#Noun"
],
[
"radicle",
"radicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"(botany) Of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; also, of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "recumbent"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 11 2 1 4 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle",
"word": "poikkitelainen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ornithology",
"orig": "en:Ornithology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 4 1 16 1 1 21 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 1 14 1 2 19 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 2 13 1 3 18 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 7 3 12 4 3 18 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 3 0 11 10 0 16 1 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the incumbent toe of a bird",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology), of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-MF3z9iEZ",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"upon",
"upon#Preposition"
],
[
"leaning",
"lean#Verb"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"reclining",
"reclining#Adjective"
],
[
"resting",
"resting#Adjective"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#Noun"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"wing",
"wing#Noun"
],
[
"bent",
"bend#Verb"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"positioned",
"position#Verb"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"rests",
"rest#Verb"
],
[
"touches",
"touch#Verb"
],
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"hind",
"hind#Adjective"
],
[
"toe",
"toe#Noun"
],
[
"bird",
"bird#Noun"
],
[
"fully",
"fully"
],
[
"support",
"support#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"(zoology) Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology), of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "recumbent"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 80 1 1 3 3 1 3",
"code": "fi",
"english": "adverbial; bird hind toe",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a body part: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support",
"word": "samalla tasolla (kuin etuvarpaat)"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If the incumbent senator dies, he is replaced by a person appointed by the governor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete), of an ecclesiastical benefice."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-F06inArU",
"links": [
[
"Being",
"be#Verb"
],
[
"current",
"current#Adjective"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
],
[
"title",
"title#Noun"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"benefice",
"benefice#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete), of an ecclesiastical benefice."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "titular"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "zittend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "istuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "en titre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "titulaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mokmedi",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "მოქმედი"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "amtierend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "padasth",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "पदस्थ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "hatalmon lévő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "hivatalban lévő"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "incumbent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "inkamben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "petahana"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "yang berkuasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "yang menjabat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "in carica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "titolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jaeimjung'in",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "재임중인"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "vidyamān",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "विद्यमान"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "odoony",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "одооны"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "sittende"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "sittande"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sar-e kâr",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "سر کار"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beneficiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "déjstvujuščij",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "де́йствующий"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "inkumbent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "en ejercicio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "en funciones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "de turno"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "sittande"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "görevli"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "muvazzaf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "đương nhiệm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 97 0 2 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "deiliad"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Oppressive, pressuring."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj--5ZVLshV",
"links": [
[
"Oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"pressuring",
"pressure#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Oppressive, pressuring."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 4 1 16 1 1 21 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 1 14 1 2 19 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 2 13 1 3 18 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 7 3 12 4 3 18 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 3 0 11 10 0 16 1 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proper behaviour is incumbent on all holders of positions of trust.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1679 January 2 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Sprat, A Sermon Preached before the King at White-hall December the 22. 1678, [London]: […] S. R. for Henry Brome, →OCLC, page 32",
"text": "Certainly all men truly Zelous, vvill moſt induſtriously endeavor to perform the first kind of good VVorks alvvaies; thoſe, I mean, that are incumbent on all Christians.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 25, Braden Dupuis, “Opinion: The things we leave behind”, in Pique Newsmagazine, Whistler, B.C.: Glacier Media Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-30",
"text": "When the fires finally come for Whistler, the evacuation process will be hectic, to put it lightly. It is incumbent upon all of us to ensure we're well prepared.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-be35A-hT",
"links": [
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"upon",
"upon#Preposition"
],
[
"imposed",
"impose#Verb"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation#Noun"
],
[
"due to",
"due to#Preposition"
],
[
"office",
"office#Noun"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "competent"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obligatori"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vyžadovaný"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "asiaankuuluva"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "asiaan kuuluva"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "asianmukainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "tehtävän edellyttämä"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obliegend"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obligatorisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "Pflicht-"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "Pflicht (predicative, without article)",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "köteles"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "kötelező"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obbligatorio"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "incumbente"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "impus"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obligatoriu"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vozlóžennyj",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "возло́женный"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "competente"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obligatorio"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "ansvarig"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "pliktig"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "pliktskyldig"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "görevli"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "ödevli"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 6 4 1 70 1 1 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "yükümlü"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 25 3 0 11 10 0 16 1 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanging or leaning over."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-nTRRaqOA",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Hanging",
"hanging#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(poetic) Hanging or leaning over."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"poetic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 5 1 1 1 84 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hanging or leaning over",
"word": "riippuva"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Putting much effort into an activity or some work."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-JcfulYti",
"links": [
[
"Putting",
"put#Verb"
],
[
"effort",
"effort#Noun"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"work",
"work#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(obsolete) Putting much effort into an activity or some work."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 4 1 16 1 1 21 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 1 14 1 2 19 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 2 13 1 3 18 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 7 3 12 4 3 18 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 3 0 11 10 0 16 1 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Weighing on one's mind."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-adj-BOnppAjh",
"links": [
[
"Weighing",
"weigh#Verb"
],
[
"mind",
"mind#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(obsolete) Weighing on one's mind."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-incumbent.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-incumbent.oga/En-us-incumbent.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-incumbent.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"english": "resting",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "lepäävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"english": "lying",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "makaava"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"english": "reclining",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "nojaava"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "abstützend"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "aufliegend"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "liegend"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 40 1 2 2 8 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "ruhend"
}
],
"word": "incumbent"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "incumbence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "incumbency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dated",
"rare"
],
"word": "incumbentess"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nonincumbent"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "incumbent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English incumbent",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "encumbent",
"t": "holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)"
},
"expansion": "encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "incumbēns",
"t": "holder of a church position"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ent",
"pos": "suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "",
"3": "Incumbēns"
},
"expansion": "Incumbēns",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "incumbō",
"t": "to obtain; to possess"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "incumbō",
"t": "to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on"
},
"expansion": "Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English incumbent, encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”), from Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”) + Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action). Incumbēns is derived from Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”), from Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”): see etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "incumbents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "incumbent (plural incumbents)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"in‧cumb‧ent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonincumbent"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 November 16, Philip Haigh, “Trans-Pennine … Transformative”, in Rail, number 970, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43",
"text": "Just as interest grew under previous incumbent-but-one Grant Shapps, so interest could wane under new Transport Secretary Mark Harper.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-noun-pDol9NGN",
"links": [
[
"current",
"current#Adjective"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
],
[
"office",
"office#Noun"
],
[
"title",
"title#Noun"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"benefice",
"benefice#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tituljár",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "титуля́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "plaatsbekleder"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "titularis"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "ametikoha täitja"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "ametisolija"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "viranhaltija"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "titulaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Amtsinhaber"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Inhaber"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stelleninhaber"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "inkamben"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "pejabat"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "penguasa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beneficiario"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "in carica"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "titolare"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "incumbente"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zanimájuščij dólžnostʹ",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "занима́ющий до́лжность"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zanimájuščij post",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "занима́ющий пост"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "titular"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "görevli"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "memur"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "of any office",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deiliad"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "in Christianity",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "periglor"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonincumbent"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Business",
"orig": "en:Business",
"parents": [
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 4 1 16 1 1 21 4 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 1 14 1 2 19 4 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 4 2 13 1 3 18 4 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 7 3 12 4 3 18 5 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 25 3 0 11 10 0 16 1 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits."
],
"id": "en-incumbent-en-noun-wfSLY1QS",
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"supplier",
"supplier"
],
[
"market",
"market#Noun"
],
[
"market segment",
"market segment"
],
[
"allow",
"allow"
],
[
"earn",
"earn#Verb"
],
[
"above",
"above#Preposition"
],
[
"normal",
"normal#Adjective"
],
[
"profits",
"profit#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(business) A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits."
],
"topics": [
"business"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits",
"word": "Marktführer"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Platzhirsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ustojávšijsja igrók",
"sense": "holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits",
"word": "устоя́вшийся игро́к"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-incumbent.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-incumbent.oga/En-us-incumbent.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-incumbent.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works"
],
"word": "incumbent"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "incumbent",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "incumbō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural future active indicative of incumbō"
],
"id": "en-incumbent-la-verb-gFEje38~",
"links": [
[
"incumbō",
"incumbo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "incumbent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *n̥-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewb-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ent",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "incumbently"
},
{
"word": "subincumbent"
},
{
"word": "superincumbent"
},
{
"word": "superincumbently"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*n̥-",
"4": "*ḱewb-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "incumbentem"
},
"expansion": "Latin incumbentem",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ent",
"pos": "suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action"
},
"expansion": "-ent (suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "Incumbentem"
},
"expansion": "Incumbentem",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "accusative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "singular"
},
"expansion": "singular",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "incumbēns",
"t": "reclining"
},
"expansion": "incumbēns (“reclining”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "incumbō",
"t": "to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on"
},
"expansion": "incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’"
},
"expansion": "in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*cumbō",
"t": "to lie down, recline"
},
"expansion": "*cumbō (“to lie down, recline”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱewb-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin incumbentem + English -ent (suffix denoting the causing, doing, or promoting of an action). Incumbentem is the accusative singular of incumbēns (“reclining”), the present active participle of incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’) + *cumbō (“to lie down, recline”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more incumbent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most incumbent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "incumbent (comparative more incumbent, superlative most incumbent)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"in‧cumb‧ent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1857, Asa Gray, “Lesson XVII. Morphology of the Stamens.”, in First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology, […], New York, N.Y.: Ivison & Phinney and G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam & Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 293, page 113",
"text": "[T]he anther either looks inwards or outwards. When it is turned inwards, or is fixed to that side of the filament which looks towards the pistil or centre of the flower, the anther is incumbent or intorse, as in Magnolia and the Water-Lily. When turned outwards, or fixed to the outer side of the filament, it is extorse, as in the Tulip-tree.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"Of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; also, of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle."
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"upon",
"upon#Preposition"
],
[
"leaning",
"lean#Verb"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"reclining",
"reclining#Adjective"
],
[
"resting",
"resting#Adjective"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"anther",
"anther"
],
[
"inner",
"inner#Adjective"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"filament",
"filament"
],
[
"cotyledon",
"cotyledon"
],
[
"back",
"back#Noun"
],
[
"radicle",
"radicle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"(botany) Of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; also, of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "recumbent"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Ornithology",
"en:Zoology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the incumbent toe of a bird",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology), of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support."
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"upon",
"upon#Preposition"
],
[
"leaning",
"lean#Verb"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"reclining",
"reclining#Adjective"
],
[
"resting",
"resting#Adjective"
],
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#Noun"
],
[
"spine",
"spine"
],
[
"wing",
"wing#Noun"
],
[
"bent",
"bend#Verb"
],
[
"downwards",
"downwards"
],
[
"positioned",
"position#Verb"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"rests",
"rest#Verb"
],
[
"touches",
"touch#Verb"
],
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"hind",
"hind#Adjective"
],
[
"toe",
"toe#Noun"
],
[
"bird",
"bird#Noun"
],
[
"fully",
"fully"
],
[
"support",
"support#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Chiefly followed by on or upon: leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else.",
"(zoology) Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology), of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "recumbent"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "If the incumbent senator dies, he is replaced by a person appointed by the governor.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete), of an ecclesiastical benefice."
],
"links": [
[
"Being",
"be#Verb"
],
[
"current",
"current#Adjective"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
],
[
"title",
"title#Noun"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"benefice",
"benefice#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete), of an ecclesiastical benefice."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Oppressive, pressuring."
],
"links": [
[
"Oppressive",
"oppressive"
],
[
"pressuring",
"pressure#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Oppressive, pressuring."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Proper behaviour is incumbent on all holders of positions of trust.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1679 January 2 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Sprat, A Sermon Preached before the King at White-hall December the 22. 1678, [London]: […] S. R. for Henry Brome, →OCLC, page 32",
"text": "Certainly all men truly Zelous, vvill moſt induſtriously endeavor to perform the first kind of good VVorks alvvaies; thoſe, I mean, that are incumbent on all Christians.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 25, Braden Dupuis, “Opinion: The things we leave behind”, in Pique Newsmagazine, Whistler, B.C.: Glacier Media Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-30",
"text": "When the fires finally come for Whistler, the evacuation process will be hectic, to put it lightly. It is incumbent upon all of us to ensure we're well prepared.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position."
],
"links": [
[
"on",
"on#Preposition"
],
[
"upon",
"upon#Preposition"
],
[
"imposed",
"impose#Verb"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation#Noun"
],
[
"due to",
"due to#Preposition"
],
[
"office",
"office#Noun"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"Followed by on or upon: imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one's office or position."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanging or leaning over."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Hanging",
"hanging#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(poetic) Hanging or leaning over."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Putting much effort into an activity or some work."
],
"links": [
[
"Putting",
"put#Verb"
],
[
"effort",
"effort#Noun"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"work",
"work#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(obsolete) Putting much effort into an activity or some work."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Weighing on one's mind."
],
"links": [
[
"Weighing",
"weigh#Verb"
],
[
"mind",
"mind#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative)",
"(obsolete) Weighing on one's mind."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
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"tags": [
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"text": "Audio (GA)"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "resting",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "lepäävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "lying",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "makaava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "reclining",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "nojaava"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "abstützend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "aufliegend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "liegend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "leaning, or lying, reclining, or resting, on something else",
"word": "ruhend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of an anther: lying on the inner side of the filament; of a cotyledon: having its back lying against the radicle",
"word": "poikkitelainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "adverbial; bird hind toe",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of a body part: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support",
"word": "samalla tasolla (kuin etuvarpaat)"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "titular"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "zittend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "istuva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "en titre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "titulaire"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mokmedi",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "მოქმედი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "amtierend"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "padasth",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "पदस्थ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "hatalmon lévő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "hivatalban lévő"
},
{
"code": "ig",
"lang": "Igbo",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "incumbent"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "inkamben"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "petahana"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "yang berkuasa"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "yang menjabat"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "in carica"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "titolare"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jaeimjung'in",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "재임중인"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "vidyamān",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "विद्यमान"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "odoony",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "одооны"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "sittende"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "sittande"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sar-e kâr",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "سر کار"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beneficiar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "déjstvujuščij",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "де́йствующий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "inkumbent"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "en ejercicio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "en funciones"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "de turno"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "sittande"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "görevli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "muvazzaf"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "đương nhiệm"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "being the current holder of an office or a title",
"word": "deiliad"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "competent"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obligatori"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vyžadovaný"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "asiaankuuluva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "asiaan kuuluva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "asianmukainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "tehtävän edellyttämä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obliegend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obligatorisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "Pflicht-"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "Pflicht (predicative, without article)",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "köteles"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "kötelező"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obbligatorio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "incumbente"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "impus"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obligatoriu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vozlóžennyj",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "возло́женный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "competente"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "obligatorio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "ansvarig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "pliktig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "pliktskyldig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "görevli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "ödevli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "imposed on one as an obligation, especially due to one’s office or position",
"word": "yükümlü"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hanging or leaning over",
"word": "riippuva"
}
],
"word": "incumbent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ent",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "incumbence"
},
{
"word": "incumbency"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated",
"rare"
],
"word": "incumbentess"
},
{
"word": "nonincumbent"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "incumbent"
},
"expansion": "Middle English incumbent",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "encumbent",
"t": "holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)"
},
"expansion": "encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "incumbēns",
"t": "holder of a church position"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-ent",
"pos": "suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "",
"3": "Incumbēns"
},
"expansion": "Incumbēns",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "incumbō",
"t": "to obtain; to possess"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "incumbō",
"t": "to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on"
},
"expansion": "Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English incumbent, encumbent (“holder of an ecclesiastical benefice, dean, parson, etc.; cleric (?)”), from Medieval Latin incumbēns (“holder of a church position”) + Middle English -ent (suffix denoting one that causes, does, or promotes an action). Incumbēns is derived from Medieval Latin incumbō (“to obtain; to possess”), from Latin incumbō (“to lay upon, to lean or recline on; to fall upon, to press down on”): see etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "incumbents",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "incumbent (plural incumbents)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"in‧cumb‧ent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonincumbent"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022 November 16, Philip Haigh, “Trans-Pennine … Transformative”, in Rail, number 970, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43",
"text": "Just as interest grew under previous incumbent-but-one Grant Shapps, so interest could wane under new Transport Secretary Mark Harper.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice."
],
"links": [
[
"current",
"current#Adjective"
],
[
"holder",
"holder"
],
[
"office",
"office#Noun"
],
[
"title",
"title#Noun"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"benefice",
"benefice#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonincumbent"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Business"
],
"glosses": [
"A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits."
],
"links": [
[
"business",
"business"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"supplier",
"supplier"
],
[
"market",
"market#Noun"
],
[
"market segment",
"market segment"
],
[
"allow",
"allow"
],
[
"earn",
"earn#Verb"
],
[
"above",
"above#Preposition"
],
[
"normal",
"normal#Adjective"
],
[
"profits",
"profit#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(business) A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits."
],
"topics": [
"business"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪnˈkʌmbənt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪŋ-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-incumbent.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-incumbent.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/En-us-incumbent.oga/En-us-incumbent.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/En-us-incumbent.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tituljár",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "титуля́р"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "plaatsbekleder"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "titularis"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "ametikoha täitja"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "ametisolija"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "viranhaltija"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "titulaire"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Amtsinhaber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Inhaber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stelleninhaber"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "inkamben"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "pejabat"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "penguasa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beneficiario"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "in carica"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "titolare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "incumbente"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "titular"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zanimájuščij dólžnostʹ",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "занима́ющий до́лжность"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zanimájuščij post",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "занима́ющий пост"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "titular"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "görevli"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"word": "memur"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "of any office",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "deiliad"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"note": "in Christianity",
"sense": "current holder of an office or title; holder of an ecclesiastical benefice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "periglor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits",
"word": "Marktführer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Platzhirsch"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ustojávšijsja igrók",
"sense": "holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits",
"word": "устоя́вшийся игро́к"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange#Works"
],
"word": "incumbent"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "incumbent",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "incumbō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural future active indicative of incumbō"
],
"links": [
[
"incumbō",
"incumbo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "incumbent"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.