See harrowing on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "harrow", "3": "-ing" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "harrowing", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "harrow" } ], "glosses": [ "present participle and gerund of harrow" ], "id": "en-harrowing-en-verb-PdcBdWGn", "links": [ [ "harrow", "harrow#English" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "gerund", "participle", "present" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/", "tags": [ "UK" ] } ], "word": "harrowing" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "harrow", "3": "-ing" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", "forms": [ { "form": "more harrowing", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "most harrowing", "tags": [ "superlative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "harrowing (comparative more harrowing, superlative most harrowing)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "12 29 13 10 30 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 15 13 26 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 24 9 23 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 23 12 21 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 16 15 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 12 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 13 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2006, Paul Chadwick, Concrete: Killer Smile, Dark Horse Books, cover text:", "text": "Harrowing journeys down the dark roads of anger, violence, and madness", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2013 January 27, Brian Hayes, “Father of Fractals”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, page 62:", "text": "Toward the end of the war, Benoit was sent off on his own with forged papers; he wound up working as a horse groom at a chalet in the Loire valley. Mandelbrot describes this harrowing youth with great sangfroid.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Causing pain or distress; harrying." ], "id": "en-harrowing-en-adj-Ptpo02i4", "links": [ [ "pain", "pain" ], [ "distress", "distress" ] ], "translations": [ { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shǐ rén tòngkǔ de", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "使人痛苦的" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cǎntòng de", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "慘痛的 /惨痛的" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "verstorend" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "vreselijk" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "verschrikkelijk" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "riipaiseva" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "tuskallinen" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "tuskaisa" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "sydäntäraastava" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "raastava" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "navrant" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "éprouvant" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "erschütternd" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "grauenhaft" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "grauenvoll" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "quälend" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "מענה" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "מייסר" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "szívszaggató" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "léanmhar" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "coscrach" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "straziante" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "opprivende" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "udręczony" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "perturbador" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "dilacerante" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "górestnyj", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "го́рестный" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dušerazdirájuščij", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "душераздира́ющий" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mučítelʹnyj", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "мучи́тельный" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "angustioso" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "hemsk" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "upprivande" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/", "tags": [ "UK" ] } ], "word": "harrowing" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "harrowing of hell" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "harrow", "3": "-ing" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", "forms": [ { "form": "harrowings", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "harrowing (plural harrowings)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "English links with manual fragments", "parents": [ "Links with manual fragments", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "21 44 6 8 18 3", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 30 14 14 17 7", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ing", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "20 38 11 11 15 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 43 7 6 19 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 46 5 5 19 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 33 13 14 14 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Dutch translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "14 29 15 13 23 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Finnish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "18 34 12 13 15 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 35 13 13 16 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 29 13 10 30 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "15 26 19 12 21 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 15 13 26 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 37 10 12 16 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 37 10 12 16 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Latin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 24 9 23 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "14 29 15 13 23 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Norwegian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 23 12 21 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 16 15 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 37 10 12 16 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "20 40 10 11 15 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 12 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 13 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "Coordinate term: ploughing" }, { "text": "The field received two harrowings.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "The process of breaking up earth with a harrow." ], "id": "en-harrowing-en-noun-aJRbcUT3", "translations": [ { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "äestys" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "äestäminen" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Eggen" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "boronálás" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "erpicatura" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "occātiō" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "boronovánije", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "боронова́ние" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "boronénije", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "бороне́ние" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ryxlénije", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "рыхле́ние" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kulʹtivácija", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "культива́ция" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "escarificación" }, { "_dis1": "85 8 3 5", "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "sakalmot" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "12 29 13 10 30 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 15 13 26 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 24 9 23 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 23 12 21 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 16 15 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 12 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 13 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Suffering, torment." ], "id": "en-harrowing-en-noun-fa6MkMnR", "links": [ [ "Suffering", "suffering" ], [ "torment", "torment" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "13 27 15 13 26 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 23 12 21 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 16 15 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 12 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 13 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1956 April 27, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Chicago, page 122, column 1:", "text": "Scientists who complain about the helplessness of politicians might consider the desolation in England which followed the harrowing of the north by William the Conqueror or the state of the Palatinate long after the end of the Thirty Years War[.]", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction." ], "id": "en-harrowing-en-noun-4yGkqT4-", "links": [ [ "Ravaging", "ravaging" ], [ "incursion", "incursion" ], [ "spoliation", "spoliation" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Christianity", "orig": "en:Christianity", "parents": [ "Abrahamism", "Religion", "Culture", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "12 29 13 10 30 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hebrew translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 15 13 26 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 27 24 9 23 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 23 12 21 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Polish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 25 16 15 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 12 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 28 15 13 25 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 178:", "text": "As in other myths, like Christ's harrowing of hell, the initiate descends into the netherworld for the magical three days.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1986, Jeffrey Burton Russell, Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, →ISBN, page 108:", "text": "In the harrowing, Christ sweeps down upon death, hell, and the Devil, smashes down the doors of hell, and triumphantly carries the just off to heaven.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2002, Michael W. Herren, Shirley Ann Brown, Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century, →ISBN, page 157:", "text": "The motif of the harrowing of hell was highly influential in the Insular world.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2013, Robert E. Bjork, The Cynewulf Reader, →ISBN, page 153:", "text": "But Juliana's uniquely powerful chaining of the devil is surely meant to recall Christ's harrowing of hell.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction.", "Christ's ravaging or hostile incursion of Hell, conducted between his crucifixion and resurrection, in which he liberated the souls of the righteous held captive by Satan." ], "id": "en-harrowing-en-noun-pSgFwbAU", "links": [ [ "Ravaging", "ravaging" ], [ "incursion", "incursion" ], [ "spoliation", "spoliation" ], [ "Christianity", "Christianity" ], [ "Christ", "Christ" ], [ "Hell", "Hell" ], [ "crucifixion", "crucifixion" ], [ "resurrection", "resurrection" ], [ "liberate", "liberate" ], [ "righteous", "righteous" ], [ "Satan", "Satan" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction.", "(Christianity) Christ's ravaging or hostile incursion of Hell, conducted between his crucifixion and resurrection, in which he liberated the souls of the righteous held captive by Satan." ], "topics": [ "Christianity" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/", "tags": [ "UK" ] } ], "word": "harrowing" }
{ "categories": [ "English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms suffixed with -ing", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "harrow", "3": "-ing" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "harrowing", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "harrow" } ], "glosses": [ "present participle and gerund of harrow" ], "links": [ [ "harrow", "harrow#English" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "gerund", "participle", "present" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/", "tags": [ "UK" ] } ], "word": "harrowing" } { "categories": [ "English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms suffixed with -ing", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "harrow", "3": "-ing" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", "forms": [ { "form": "more harrowing", "tags": [ "comparative" ] }, { "form": "most harrowing", "tags": [ "superlative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "harrowing (comparative more harrowing, superlative most harrowing)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "Quotation templates to be cleaned" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2006, Paul Chadwick, Concrete: Killer Smile, Dark Horse Books, cover text:", "text": "Harrowing journeys down the dark roads of anger, violence, and madness", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2013 January 27, Brian Hayes, “Father of Fractals”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, page 62:", "text": "Toward the end of the war, Benoit was sent off on his own with forged papers; he wound up working as a horse groom at a chalet in the Loire valley. Mandelbrot describes this harrowing youth with great sangfroid.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Causing pain or distress; harrying." ], "links": [ [ "pain", "pain" ], [ "distress", "distress" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/", "tags": [ "UK" ] } ], "translations": [ { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shǐ rén tòngkǔ de", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "使人痛苦的" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cǎntòng de", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "慘痛的 /惨痛的" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "verstorend" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "vreselijk" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "verschrikkelijk" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "riipaiseva" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "tuskallinen" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "tuskaisa" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "sydäntäraastava" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "raastava" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "navrant" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "éprouvant" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "erschütternd" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "grauenhaft" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "grauenvoll" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "quälend" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "מענה" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "מייסר" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "szívszaggató" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "léanmhar" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "coscrach" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "straziante" }, { "code": "no", "lang": "Norwegian", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "opprivende" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "udręczony" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "perturbador" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "dilacerante" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "górestnyj", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "го́рестный" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "dušerazdirájuščij", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "душераздира́ющий" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mučítelʹnyj", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "мучи́тельный" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "angustioso" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "hemsk" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "causing pain or distress", "word": "upprivande" } ], "word": "harrowing" } { "categories": [ "English adjectives", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English non-lemma forms", "English nouns", "English terms suffixed with -ing", "English verb forms", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations" ], "derived": [ { "word": "harrowing of hell" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "harrow", "3": "-ing" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "By surface analysis, harrow + -ing.", "forms": [ { "form": "harrowings", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "harrowing (plural harrowings)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English links with manual fragments", "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "Coordinate term: ploughing" }, { "text": "The field received two harrowings.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "The process of breaking up earth with a harrow." ] }, { "glosses": [ "Suffering, torment." ], "links": [ [ "Suffering", "suffering" ], [ "torment", "torment" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1956 April 27, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Chicago, page 122, column 1:", "text": "Scientists who complain about the helplessness of politicians might consider the desolation in England which followed the harrowing of the north by William the Conqueror or the state of the Palatinate long after the end of the Thirty Years War[.]", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction." ], "links": [ [ "Ravaging", "ravaging" ], [ "incursion", "incursion" ], [ "spoliation", "spoliation" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "en:Christianity" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 178:", "text": "As in other myths, like Christ's harrowing of hell, the initiate descends into the netherworld for the magical three days.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1986, Jeffrey Burton Russell, Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, →ISBN, page 108:", "text": "In the harrowing, Christ sweeps down upon death, hell, and the Devil, smashes down the doors of hell, and triumphantly carries the just off to heaven.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2002, Michael W. Herren, Shirley Ann Brown, Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century, →ISBN, page 157:", "text": "The motif of the harrowing of hell was highly influential in the Insular world.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "2013, Robert E. Bjork, The Cynewulf Reader, →ISBN, page 153:", "text": "But Juliana's uniquely powerful chaining of the devil is surely meant to recall Christ's harrowing of hell.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction.", "Christ's ravaging or hostile incursion of Hell, conducted between his crucifixion and resurrection, in which he liberated the souls of the righteous held captive by Satan." ], "links": [ [ "Ravaging", "ravaging" ], [ "incursion", "incursion" ], [ "spoliation", "spoliation" ], [ "Christianity", "Christianity" ], [ "Christ", "Christ" ], [ "Hell", "Hell" ], [ "crucifixion", "crucifixion" ], [ "resurrection", "resurrection" ], [ "liberate", "liberate" ], [ "righteous", "righteous" ], [ "Satan", "Satan" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction.", "(Christianity) Christ's ravaging or hostile incursion of Hell, conducted between his crucifixion and resurrection, in which he liberated the souls of the righteous held captive by Satan." ], "topics": [ "Christianity" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/", "tags": [ "UK" ] } ], "translations": [ { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "äestys" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "äestäminen" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "Eggen" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "boronálás" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "erpicatura" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "occātiō" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "boronovánije", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "боронова́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "boronénije", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "бороне́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ryxlénije", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "neuter" ], "word": "рыхле́ние" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "kulʹtivácija", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "культива́ция" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "escarificación" }, { "code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "the process of breaking up earth with a harrow", "word": "sakalmot" } ], "word": "harrowing" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.