See handelen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for handelen meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "handelaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "handelbaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "handeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "afhandelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "behandelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "onderhandelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "verhandelen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "handel"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: handel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: handel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "handel"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: handel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: handel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "andel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: andel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: andel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "handelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch handelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "handalon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch handalon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*handulōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *handulōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*handlōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *handlōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hand",
"3": "elen"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, hand + elen",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch handelen, from Old Dutch handalon, from Proto-West Germanic *handulōn, from Proto-Germanic *handlōną. By surface analysis, hand + elen. Ultimately of the same origin as the English borrowing at Etymology 2 below (thus, a doublet of the same).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandeld",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"han‧de‧len"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "handel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "56 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He has been trading in antiques for years.",
"text": "Hij is al jaren bezig met handelen in antiek.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The family has a long tradition of doing business in textiles.",
"text": "De familie heeft een lange traditie van handelen in textiel.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to trade, do business"
],
"id": "en-handelen-nl-verb-~chVQlE1",
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"business",
"business"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to trade, do business"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You need to act quickly in emergency situations.",
"text": "Je moet snel handelen in noodsituaties.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The police officer acted immediately upon seeing suspicious activity.",
"text": "De politieagent handelde onmiddellijk bij het zien van de verdachte activiteit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act"
],
"id": "en-handelen-nl-verb-BSot66Nx",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to act"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑndələ(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-handelen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Nl-handelen.ogg/Nl-handelen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Nl-handelen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "handle"
},
"expansion": "English handle",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "händeln"
},
"expansion": "German händeln",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English handle, ultimately of the same origin as the native inherited term at Etymology 1 above (thus, a doublet of the same). Compare German händeln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandeld",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"han‧de‧len"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He couldn't handle adult life and started using drugs.",
"text": "Hij kon het volwassen leven niet handelen en ging aan de drugs.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to handle, to deal with or endure something or someone (particularly emotionally)"
],
"id": "en-handelen-nl-verb-REFal5Q-",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"deal with",
"deal with"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) to handle, to deal with or endure something or someone (particularly emotionally)"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɛndələ(n)/"
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "erhandelen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "de",
"3": "handeln"
},
"expansion": "German handeln",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "handeln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German handeln",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hantalōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hantalōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*handulōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *handulōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*handlōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *handlōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "handelen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch handelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "handle"
},
"expansion": "English handle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German handeln, from Middle High German handeln, from Old High German hantalōn, from Proto-West Germanic *handulōn, from Proto-Germanic *handlōną. Cognate with Dutch handelen, English handle. In the sense “to trade, bargain” an older borrowing; the sense “to act” is recent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "handelt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandelt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hunn",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lb-conj-regular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "hunn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handels",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation"
},
{
"form": "indicates the Eifeler Regel.",
"source": "conjugation"
},
{
"form": "nn indicates the Eifeler Regel.",
"source": "conjugation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen (third-person singular present handelt, past participle gehandelt, auxiliary verb hunn)",
"name": "lb-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handel",
"2": "gehandelt",
"3": "hunn"
},
"name": "lb-conj-regular"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act"
],
"id": "en-handelen-lb-verb-BSot66Nx",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to act"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to trade, to deal"
],
"id": "en-handelen-lb-verb-TuPYsZBB",
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"deal",
"deal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to trade, to deal"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 31 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to negotiate, to bargain"
],
"id": "en-handelen-lb-verb-LBvCv~3R",
"links": [
[
"negotiate",
"negotiate"
],
[
"bargain",
"bargain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to negotiate, to bargain"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhandelen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɑndələn]"
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "handelen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: handelen\nAfrikaans: handel\nNegerhollands: handel\n→ Caribbean Javanese: andel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: handelen\nAfrikaans: handel\nNegerhollands: handel\n→ Caribbean Javanese: andel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "hanjele"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: hanjele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: hanjele"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "handalon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch handalon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*handulōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *handulōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*handlōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *handlōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch handalon, from Proto-West Germanic *handulōn, from Proto-Germanic *handlōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 9 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to handle (take in the hand)"
],
"id": "en-handelen-dum-verb-ewomllqT",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to act, to carry out"
],
"id": "en-handelen-dum-verb-yOD8uQ9b",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to handle, to treat (a subject)"
],
"id": "en-handelen-dum-verb-F6ztjj5y",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"treat",
"treat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to treat, to behave towards"
],
"id": "en-handelen-dum-verb-7VCyKv6t",
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
]
]
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "handelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "handel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of handel"
],
"id": "en-handelen-nb-noun-fAqTE2R8",
"links": [
[
"handel",
"handel#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "handelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "handel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of handel"
],
"id": "en-handelen-nn-noun-fAqTE2R8",
"links": [
[
"handel",
"handel#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch compound terms",
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "handelaar"
},
{
"word": "handelbaar"
},
{
"word": "handeling"
},
{
"word": "afhandelen"
},
{
"word": "behandelen"
},
{
"word": "onderhandelen"
},
{
"word": "verhandelen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "handel"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: handel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: handel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "handel"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: handel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: handel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "andel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: andel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: andel"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "handelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch handelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "handalon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch handalon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*handulōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *handulōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*handlōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *handlōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hand",
"3": "elen"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, hand + elen",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch handelen, from Old Dutch handalon, from Proto-West Germanic *handulōn, from Proto-Germanic *handlōną. By surface analysis, hand + elen. Ultimately of the same origin as the English borrowing at Etymology 2 below (thus, a doublet of the same).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandeld",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"han‧de‧len"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "handel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He has been trading in antiques for years.",
"text": "Hij is al jaren bezig met handelen in antiek.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The family has a long tradition of doing business in textiles.",
"text": "De familie heeft een lange traditie van handelen in textiel.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to trade, do business"
],
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"business",
"business"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to trade, do business"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You need to act quickly in emergency situations.",
"text": "Je moet snel handelen in noodsituaties.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The police officer acted immediately upon seeing suspicious activity.",
"text": "De politieagent handelde onmiddellijk bij het zien van de verdachte activiteit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to act"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to act"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑndələ(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-handelen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Nl-handelen.ogg/Nl-handelen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Nl-handelen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "handle"
},
"expansion": "English handle",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "händeln"
},
"expansion": "German händeln",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English handle, ultimately of the same origin as the native inherited term at Etymology 1 above (thus, a doublet of the same). Compare German händeln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handele",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelde",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handelden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "handelend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandeld",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"han‧de‧len"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch informal terms",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He couldn't handle adult life and started using drugs.",
"text": "Hij kon het volwassen leven niet handelen en ging aan de drugs.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to handle, to deal with or endure something or someone (particularly emotionally)"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"deal with",
"deal with"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal) to handle, to deal with or endure something or someone (particularly emotionally)"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɛndələ(n)/"
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish 3-syllable words",
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish terms borrowed from German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Old High German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Luxembourgish verbs",
"Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "erhandelen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "de",
"3": "handeln"
},
"expansion": "German handeln",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "handeln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German handeln",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hantalōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hantalōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*handulōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *handulōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*handlōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *handlōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "handelen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch handelen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "handle"
},
"expansion": "English handle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German handeln, from Middle High German handeln, from Old High German hantalōn, from Proto-West Germanic *handulōn, from Proto-Germanic *handlōną. Cognate with Dutch handelen, English handle. In the sense “to trade, bargain” an older borrowing; the sense “to act” is recent.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "handelt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandelt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hunn",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lb-conj-regular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gehandelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "hunn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handels",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "handelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "n",
"source": "conjugation"
},
{
"form": "indicates the Eifeler Regel.",
"source": "conjugation"
},
{
"form": "nn indicates the Eifeler Regel.",
"source": "conjugation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen (third-person singular present handelt, past participle gehandelt, auxiliary verb hunn)",
"name": "lb-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "handel",
"2": "gehandelt",
"3": "hunn"
},
"name": "lb-conj-regular"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to act"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to act"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to trade, to deal"
],
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"deal",
"deal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to trade, to deal"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to negotiate, to bargain"
],
"links": [
[
"negotiate",
"negotiate"
],
[
"bargain",
"bargain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to negotiate, to bargain"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhandelen/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɑndələn]"
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch weak verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "handelen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: handelen\nAfrikaans: handel\nNegerhollands: handel\n→ Caribbean Javanese: andel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: handelen\nAfrikaans: handel\nNegerhollands: handel\n→ Caribbean Javanese: andel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "hanjele"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: hanjele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: hanjele"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "handalon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch handalon",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*handulōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *handulōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*handlōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *handlōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch handalon, from Proto-West Germanic *handulōn, from Proto-Germanic *handlōną.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "handelen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to handle (take in the hand)"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to act, to carry out"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to handle, to treat (a subject)"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"treat",
"treat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to treat, to behave towards"
],
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
]
]
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "handelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "handel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of handel"
],
"links": [
[
"handel",
"handel#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "handelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "handel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of handel"
],
"links": [
[
"handel",
"handel#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "handelen"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for n",
"path": [
"handelen"
],
"section": "Luxembourgish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "handelen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for indicates the Eifeler Regel.",
"path": [
"handelen"
],
"section": "Luxembourgish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "handelen",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for nn indicates the Eifeler Regel.",
"path": [
"handelen"
],
"section": "Luxembourgish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "handelen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.