See gunge on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "See gong.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gunge (plural gunges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an outhouse",
"word": "gong"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gong: an outhouse."
],
"id": "en-gunge-en-noun-412Los1H",
"links": [
[
"gong",
"gong#English"
],
[
"outhouse",
"outhouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of gong: an outhouse."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gungey"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gungy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "First attested around 1935-40. Probably an alteration of gunk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "gunge (usually uncountable, plural gunges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, A. S. Byatt, The Virgin in The Garden, Vintage International, published 1992, page 390:",
"text": "Have I got trails of gunge on these frills?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A viscous or sticky substance, particularly an unpleasant one of vague or unknown composition; goo; gunk."
],
"id": "en-gunge-en-noun-f3uSDDfr",
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"goo",
"goo"
],
[
"gunk",
"gunk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland) A viscous or sticky substance, particularly an unpleasant one of vague or unknown composition; goo; gunk."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goo"
},
{
"word": "goop"
},
{
"word": "grunge"
},
{
"word": "gunk"
},
{
"word": "slime"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "en:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 22 51 10 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 19 56 9 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 63 6 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "11 January 1979, Dr Bernard Dixon (editor), \"Grains between the stars account for spectra\", in New Scientist",
"text": "They call this solid material tholin (after the Greek word for muddy), but it seems likely that chemists will continue to call this rather familiar material “gunge.”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tholin."
],
"id": "en-gunge-en-noun-L94cLicw",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"Tholin",
"tholin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry, informal) Tholin."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gunge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌndʒ"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "First attested around 1935-40. Probably an alteration of gunk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gunging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gunged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gunged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gunge (third-person singular simple present gunges, present participle gunging, simple past and past participle gunged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To clog with gunge."
],
"id": "en-gunge-en-verb-lqEcXCDY",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"clog",
"clog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with up) To clog with gunge."
],
"tags": [
"often",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Simon Packham, The Bex Factor:",
"text": "I've been gunged on children's TV, hung out with some actors off that soap Dad used to watch, done a photoshoot for a major highstreet fashion outlet and now here we are on the red carpet, outside the cinema in Leicester Square […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with gunge."
],
"id": "en-gunge-en-verb-ra76Q57s",
"raw_glosses": [
"(British) To cover with gunge."
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gunge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌndʒ"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "गंज"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गंज (gañj)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi गंज (gañj).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gunge (plural gunges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ganj"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British India English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of ganj"
],
"id": "en-gunge-en-noun-M3L0-WbJ",
"links": [
[
"ganj",
"ganj#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British India) Alternative spelling of ganj"
],
"tags": [
"British",
"India",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌnd͡ʒ/"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
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}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gungë"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive/dative/ablative singular of gungë"
],
"id": "en-gunge-sq-noun-7z2XC81Y",
"links": [
[
"gungë",
"gungë#Albanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "yong"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of yong"
],
"id": "en-gunge-enm-adj--pQLDb~a",
"links": [
[
"yong",
"yong#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "gunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gunga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ganganą",
"4": "",
"5": "to go, walk, step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk, step”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian gunga, from Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk, step”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "frr-Mooring-conj-table2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "gungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "tu gungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "än gung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "gung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gäng",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gängst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gungt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gäng",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ban gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wus gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bast gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wjarst gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "as gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wus gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "san gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wjarn gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schal gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wård gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schäät gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wårst gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schal gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wårt gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schan gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wårde gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"inf_2": "gungen",
"past_1": "gäng",
"past_2": "gängst",
"ppp": "gängen",
"pres_1": "gung",
"pres_2": "gungst",
"pres_3": "gungt"
},
"name": "frr-Mooring-conj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mooring North Frisian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ütgunge"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"id": "en-gunge-frr-verb-gNM9bcDR",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mooring) to go"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum",
"Sylt"
],
"word": "gung"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mooring"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ine-pro",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gangan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gangan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gange"
},
"expansion": "Danish gange",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gang"
},
"expansion": "Scots gang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "gān"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
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"3": "*gān"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gean"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian gean",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gehen"
},
"expansion": "German gehen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suppletive:\n* For forms with -ng-, from Old Frisian gunga, from Proto-West Germanic *gangan. Cognates include Danish gange and Scots gang.\n* For forms without -ng-, from Old Frisian gān, from Proto-West Germanic *gān. Cognates include West Frisian gean and German gehen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "stq-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation"
},
{
"form": "tou gungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"infinitive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "geenst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gungt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gunget",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gun‧ge"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gungen",
"10": "gungend",
"11": "gunge",
"12": "gunget",
"13": "geen",
"2": "gunge",
"3": "gungst",
"4": "gungt",
"5": "gunge",
"6": "geen",
"7": "geenst",
"8": "geen",
"9": "gene",
"aux": "weze"
},
"name": "stq-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"id": "en-gunge-stq-verb-gNM9bcDR",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to go"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣʊŋə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊŋə"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian non-lemma forms",
"Albanian noun forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gungë"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive/dative/ablative singular of gungë"
],
"links": [
[
"gungë",
"gungë#Albanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dative",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "See gong.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gunge (plural gunges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an outhouse",
"word": "gong"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gong: an outhouse."
],
"links": [
[
"gong",
"gong#English"
],
[
"outhouse",
"outhouse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of gong: an outhouse."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌndʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌndʒ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gungey"
},
{
"word": "gungy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "First attested around 1935-40. Probably an alteration of gunk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "gunge (usually uncountable, plural gunges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations",
"Irish English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, A. S. Byatt, The Virgin in The Garden, Vintage International, published 1992, page 390:",
"text": "Have I got trails of gunge on these frills?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A viscous or sticky substance, particularly an unpleasant one of vague or unknown composition; goo; gunk."
],
"links": [
[
"viscous",
"viscous"
],
[
"sticky",
"sticky"
],
[
"goo",
"goo"
],
[
"gunk",
"gunk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland) A viscous or sticky substance, particularly an unpleasant one of vague or unknown composition; goo; gunk."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "goo"
},
{
"word": "goop"
},
{
"word": "grunge"
},
{
"word": "gunk"
},
{
"word": "slime"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"UK",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"en:Organic chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "11 January 1979, Dr Bernard Dixon (editor), \"Grains between the stars account for spectra\", in New Scientist",
"text": "They call this solid material tholin (after the Greek word for muddy), but it seems likely that chemists will continue to call this rather familiar material “gunge.”"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tholin."
],
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"Tholin",
"tholin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry, informal) Tholin."
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gunge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌndʒ"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌndʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌndʒ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "First attested around 1935-40. Probably an alteration of gunk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gunging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gunged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gunged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gunge (third-person singular simple present gunges, present participle gunging, simple past and past participle gunged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To clog with gunge."
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"clog",
"clog"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(often with up) To clog with gunge."
],
"tags": [
"often",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, Simon Packham, The Bex Factor:",
"text": "I've been gunged on children's TV, hung out with some actors off that soap Dad used to watch, done a photoshoot for a major highstreet fashion outlet and now here we are on the red carpet, outside the cinema in Leicester Square […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with gunge."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British) To cover with gunge."
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gunge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gunge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌndʒ"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hindi",
"English terms derived from Hindi",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "गंज"
},
"expansion": "Hindi गंज (gañj)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hindi गंज (gañj).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gunges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gunge (plural gunges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ganj"
}
],
"categories": [
"British India English"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of ganj"
],
"links": [
[
"ganj",
"ganj#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British India) Alternative spelling of ganj"
],
"tags": [
"British",
"India",
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʌnd͡ʒ/"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "yong"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of yong"
],
"links": [
[
"yong",
"yong#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ütgunge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "gunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gunga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*ganganą",
"4": "",
"5": "to go, walk, step"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk, step”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Frisian gunga, from Proto-Germanic *ganganą (“to go, walk, step”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "frr-Mooring-conj-table2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "gungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "tu gungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "än gung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"infinitive-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "gung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gäng",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gängst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gungt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gäng",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ban gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wus gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bast gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wjarst gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "as gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wus gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "san gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wjarn gängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schal gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wård gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schäät gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wårst gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schal gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wårt gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schan gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wårde gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"inf_2": "gungen",
"past_1": "gäng",
"past_2": "gängst",
"ppp": "gängen",
"pres_1": "gung",
"pres_2": "gungst",
"pres_3": "gungt"
},
"name": "frr-Mooring-conj-table2"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mooring North Frisian",
"North Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"North Frisian lemmas",
"North Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"North Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"North Frisian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰengʰ-",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian",
"North Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"North Frisian verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mooring) to go"
],
"tags": [
"Mooring"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Föhr-Amrum",
"Sylt"
],
"word": "gung"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰengʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "gunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gunga",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gangan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gangan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gange"
},
"expansion": "Danish gange",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gang"
},
"expansion": "Scots gang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "gān"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gān"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "gean"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian gean",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gehen"
},
"expansion": "German gehen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suppletive:\n* For forms with -ng-, from Old Frisian gunga, from Proto-West Germanic *gangan. Cognates include Danish gange and Scots gang.\n* For forms without -ng-, from Old Frisian gān, from Proto-West Germanic *gān. Cognates include West Frisian gean and German gehen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "stq-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation"
},
{
"form": "tou gungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"infinitive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "geenst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gene",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gungt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gunge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gunget",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "geen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"participle",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gunge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gun‧ge"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gungen",
"10": "gungend",
"11": "gunge",
"12": "gunget",
"13": "geen",
"2": "gunge",
"3": "gungst",
"4": "gungt",
"5": "gunge",
"6": "geen",
"7": "geenst",
"8": "geen",
"9": "gene",
"aux": "weze"
},
"name": "stq-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊŋə",
"Rhymes:Saterland Frisian/ʊŋə/2 syllables",
"Saterland Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Saterland Frisian intransitive verbs",
"Saterland Frisian irregular verbs",
"Saterland Frisian lemmas",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰengʰ-",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Saterland Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Saterland Frisian verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to go"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɣʊŋə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊŋə"
}
],
"word": "gunge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gunge meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Saterland Frisian]; cleaned text: gungend, style: text-align:center;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Saterland Frisian]; cleaned text: weze, style: text-align:center;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Saterland Frisian]; cleaned text: geen, style: text-align:center;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for gunge",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gunge/Saterland Frisian 'jie' base_tags={'g', 'e', 'plural', 'first-person', 'r', 'present', 'a', 'l', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gunge/Saterland Frisian 'jie' base_tags={'g', 'e', 'plural', 'first-person', 'r', 'l', 'a', 'past', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gunge/Saterland Frisian 'jo' base_tags={'g', 'e', 'infinitive', 'r', 'present', 'a', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'l', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gunge/Saterland Frisian 'jo' base_tags={'g', 'e', 'r', 'l', 'a', 'error-unrecognized-form', 'past', 'i', 'u'}",
"path": [
"gunge"
],
"section": "Saterland Frisian",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gunge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.