"guardia" meaning in All languages combined

See guardia on Wiktionary

Noun [Italian]

IPA: /ˈɡwar.dja/ Forms: guardie [plural]
Rhymes: -ardja Etymology: From guardare, of Germanic origin, possibly corresponding to Frankish *warda or Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”). Compare French garde, Spanish guarda. Etymology templates: {{root|it|ine-pro|*wer-|id=heed}}, {{m|it|guardare}} guardare, {{der|it|gem|-}} Germanic, {{der|it|frk|*wardu|*warda}} Frankish *warda, {{der|it|got|𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰}} Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja), {{der|it|ine-pro|*wer-|t=to watch, notice, give heed}} Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”), {{cog|fr|garde}} French garde, {{cog|es|guarda}} Spanish guarda Head templates: {{it-noun|f}} guardia f (plural guardie)
  1. guard (all senses) Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-it-noun-lu42a4uZ Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 71 29
  2. watch, guard duty, sentry duty Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-it-noun-AxRvYHDI
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: guarda [archaic, literary] Derived forms: cambio della guardia, guardia del corpo, montare la guardia (english: to have the watch), guardia medica, guardiano

Noun [Sicilian]

IPA: /ˈɡwaɾ.dja/, /ˈvaɾ.dja/ Forms: guardi [plural]
Etymology: Of Germanic origin. Derived possibly from Frankish *warda, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”). Compare French garde, Italian gardia, Spanish guarda. Etymology templates: {{root|scn|ine-pro|*wer-|id=heed}}, {{der|it|gem|-}} Germanic, {{der|it|frk|*wardu|*warda}} Frankish *warda, {{der|it|ine-pro|*wer-|t=to watch, notice, give heed}} Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”), {{cog|fr|garde}} French garde, {{cog|it|gardia}} Italian gardia, {{cog|es|guarda}} Spanish guarda Head templates: {{head|scn|nouns|g=f|g2=|head=guardia}} guardia f, {{scn-noun|guard|f|ia|i}} guardia f (plural guardi)
  1. guard (all senses) Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-scn-noun-lu42a4uZ Categories (other): Sicilian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Sicilian entries with incorrect language header: 52 48
  2. watch, guard duty, sentry duty Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-scn-noun-AxRvYHDI Categories (other): Sicilian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Sicilian entries with incorrect language header: 52 48
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vardia (english: labio-dental orthography), guaddia, vaddia (english: regressive assimilation) [pronunciation-spelling] Derived forms: guardari, guardatu, guardianu, vardari, vardatu, vardianu Related terms: sincalijari, sinnari, taliari, vigghianti

Noun [Spanish]

IPA: /ˈɡwaɾdja/, [ˈɡwaɾ.ð̞ja] Forms: guardias [plural]
Rhymes: -aɾdja Etymology: From Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja). Etymology templates: {{der|es|got|𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰}} Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja) Head templates: {{es-noun|m}} guardia m (plural guardias)
  1. custodian, warden (male) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-HLIcdvr- Categories (other): Spanish nouns with irregular gender Disambiguation of Spanish nouns with irregular gender: 19 13 13 13 8 14 21
  2. (military) guard, guardsman Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Military
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-iAUPEOiJ Categories (other): Spanish nouns with irregular gender Disambiguation of Spanish nouns with irregular gender: 19 13 13 13 8 14 21 Topics: government, military, politics, war
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hyponyms: guardia de seguridad (english: security guard)

Noun [Spanish]

IPA: /ˈɡwaɾdja/, [ˈɡwaɾ.ð̞ja] Forms: guardias [plural]
Rhymes: -aɾdja Etymology: From Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja). Etymology templates: {{der|es|got|𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰}} Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja) Head templates: {{es-noun|f}} guardia f (plural guardias)
  1. watch, guard, guarding, guard duty, sentry duty Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-knHLxs1M Categories (other): Spanish nouns with irregular gender Disambiguation of Spanish nouns with irregular gender: 19 13 13 13 8 14 21
  2. (military) guard (unit or squad) Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Military
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-97SPo55v Categories (other): Spanish nouns with irregular gender Disambiguation of Spanish nouns with irregular gender: 19 13 13 13 8 14 21 Topics: government, military, politics, war
  3. custody Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-Iaf2HBXO
  4. shift (in certain professions such as for medical staff) Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-zx2go872 Categories (other): Spanish nouns with irregular gender Disambiguation of Spanish nouns with irregular gender: 19 13 13 13 8 14 21
  5. (martial arts) guard (ground grappling position) Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Martial arts
    Sense id: en-guardia-es-noun-eNKmT5c~ Categories (other): Spanish entries with incorrect language header, Spanish nouns with irregular gender Disambiguation of Spanish entries with incorrect language header: 9 5 5 11 2 29 39 Disambiguation of Spanish nouns with irregular gender: 19 13 13 13 8 14 21 Topics: government, hobbies, lifestyle, martial-arts, military, politics, sports, war
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: guarda, guardar
Hyponyms: guardia civil, Guardia de Asalto (english: Assault Guard; Second Spanish Republic), guardia de corps (english: Garde du Corps; French military unit), Guardia de Hierro (english: Iron Guard) [Romanian] [history, human-sciences, sciences], guardia de honor (english: guard of honor, honor guard) [military, war, government, politics, sports, hobbies, lifestyle], Guardia Imperial (english: Napoleon's Imperial Guard) [French] [history, human-sciences, sciences], guardia nacional (english: national guard), Guardia Pretoriana (english: Praetorian Guard) [Ancient-Roman] [history, human-sciences, sciences], guardia real (english: royal guard) [usually], Guardia Real (english: Royal Guard) [Spain], Guardia Suiza Pontificia (english: Pontifical Swiss Guard), Guardia Suiza (english: Swiss Guard), Guardia Valona (english: Walloon guards; Belgian & Spanish history), Guardia Varega (english: Varangian Guard; Byzantine Empire), vieja guardia (english: old guard) Derived forms: bajar la guardia, cuerpo de guardia, de guardia, de juzgado de guardia, en guardia, guardia de alba, guardia de asalto, guardia de corps, guardia de honor, guardia de media, guardia de prima, guardia de tráfico, hacer guardia (english: to stand guard), montar guardia (english: to stand guard, to keep guard), montar la guardia, vara de guardia

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for guardia meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cambio della guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guardia del corpo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to have the watch",
      "word": "montare la guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guardia medica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guardiano"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "aa",
            "2": "wardiyá",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Afar: wardiyá",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Afar: wardiyá"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "واردإ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: واردإ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: واردإ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "id": "heed"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "guardare"
      },
      "expansion": "guardare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*wardu",
        "4": "*warda"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *warda",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "t": "to watch, notice, give heed"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "garde"
      },
      "expansion": "French garde",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "guarda"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish guarda",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From guardare, of Germanic origin, possibly corresponding to Frankish *warda or Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”). Compare French garde, Spanish guarda.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardie",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f (plural guardie)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guàr‧dia"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard (all senses)"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-it-noun-lu42a4uZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "watch, guard duty, sentry duty"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-it-noun-AxRvYHDI",
      "links": [
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "guard duty",
          "guard duty"
        ],
        [
          "sentry duty",
          "sentry duty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwar.dja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ardja"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "guarda"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guardari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guardatu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guardianu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vardari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vardatu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vardianu"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "La Guardia"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: La Guardia, La Vardia\nEnglish: Laguardia\nItalian: La Guardia, Laguardia",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: La Guardia, La Vardia\nEnglish: Laguardia\nItalian: La Guardia, Laguardia"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "id": "heed"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*wardu",
        "4": "*warda"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *warda",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "t": "to watch, notice, give heed"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "garde"
      },
      "expansion": "French garde",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gardia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian gardia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "guarda"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish guarda",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin. Derived possibly from Frankish *warda, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”). Compare French garde, Italian gardia, Spanish guarda.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardi",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "guardia"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "guard",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "ia",
        "4": "i"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f (plural guardi)",
      "name": "scn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guàr‧dia"
  ],
  "lang": "Sicilian",
  "lang_code": "scn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sincalijari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sinnari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "taliari"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vigghianti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard (all senses)"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-scn-noun-lu42a4uZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "watch, guard duty, sentry duty"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-scn-noun-AxRvYHDI",
      "links": [
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "guard duty",
          "guard duty"
        ],
        [
          "sentry duty",
          "sentry duty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwaɾ.dja/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvaɾ.dja/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "labio-dental orthography",
      "word": "vardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "guaddia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "regressive assimilation",
      "tags": [
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ],
      "word": "vaddia"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardias",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia m (plural guardias)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guar‧dia"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "security guard",
      "word": "guardia de seguridad"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 13 13 13 8 14 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with irregular gender",
            "Irregular nouns",
            "Nouns by inflection type",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "custodian, warden (male)"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-HLIcdvr-",
      "links": [
        [
          "custodian",
          "custodian"
        ],
        [
          "warden",
          "warden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "es",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "es:Military",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 13 13 13 8 14 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with irregular gender",
            "Irregular nouns",
            "Nouns by inflection type",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The guards are not letting me through to see my brother.",
          "text": "Los guardias no me dejan pasar a ver a mi hermano.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard, guardsman"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-iAUPEOiJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "guardsman",
          "guardsman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military) guard, guardsman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwaɾdja/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡwaɾ.ð̞ja]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾdja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bajar la guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "cuerpo de guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "de guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "de juzgado de guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "en guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de alba"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de asalto"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de corps"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de honor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de media"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de prima"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia de tráfico"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to stand guard",
      "word": "hacer guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to stand guard, to keep guard",
      "word": "montar guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "montar la guardia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vara de guardia"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tl",
            "2": "guwardiya",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tagalog: guwardiya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tagalog: guwardiya"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardias",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f (plural guardias)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guar‧dia"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardia civil"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Assault Guard; Second Spanish Republic",
      "word": "Guardia de Asalto"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Garde du Corps; French military unit",
      "word": "guardia de corps"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Iron Guard",
      "tags": [
        "Romanian"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia de Hierro"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "guard of honor, honor guard",
      "topics": [
        "military",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics",
        "sports",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "guardia de honor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Napoleon's Imperial Guard",
      "tags": [
        "French"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia Imperial"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "national guard",
      "word": "guardia nacional"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Praetorian Guard",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Roman"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia Pretoriana"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "royal guard",
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "guardia real"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Royal Guard",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia Real"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Pontifical Swiss Guard",
      "word": "Guardia Suiza Pontificia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Swiss Guard",
      "word": "Guardia Suiza"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Walloon guards; Belgian & Spanish history",
      "word": "Guardia Valona"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "Varangian Guard; Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "Guardia Varega"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "old guard",
      "word": "vieja guardia"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guarda"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "guardar"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 13 13 13 8 14 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with irregular gender",
            "Irregular nouns",
            "Nouns by inflection type",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "watch, guard, guarding, guard duty, sentry duty"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-knHLxs1M",
      "links": [
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "guarding",
          "guarding"
        ],
        [
          "duty",
          "duty"
        ],
        [
          "sentry",
          "sentry"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "es",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "es:Military",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 13 13 13 8 14 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with irregular gender",
            "Irregular nouns",
            "Nouns by inflection type",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard (unit or squad)"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-97SPo55v",
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military) guard (unit or squad)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "custody"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-Iaf2HBXO",
      "links": [
        [
          "custody",
          "custody"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 13 13 13 8 14 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with irregular gender",
            "Irregular nouns",
            "Nouns by inflection type",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shift (in certain professions such as for medical staff)"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-zx2go872",
      "links": [
        [
          "shift",
          "shift"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "es",
          "name": "Martial arts",
          "orig": "es:Martial arts",
          "parents": [
            "Sports",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 5 5 11 2 29 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 13 13 13 8 14 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
          "parents": [
            "Nouns with irregular gender",
            "Irregular nouns",
            "Nouns by inflection type",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard (ground grappling position)"
      ],
      "id": "en-guardia-es-noun-eNKmT5c~",
      "links": [
        [
          "martial arts",
          "martial arts"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(martial arts) guard (ground grappling position)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "martial-arts",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "sports",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwaɾdja/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡwaɾ.ð̞ja]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾdja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 2-syllable words",
    "Italian countable nouns",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian feminine nouns",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian nouns",
    "Italian terms derived from Frankish",
    "Italian terms derived from Germanic languages",
    "Italian terms derived from Gothic",
    "Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Italian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (heed)",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ardja",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ardja/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "cambio della guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia del corpo"
    },
    {
      "english": "to have the watch",
      "word": "montare la guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia medica"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardiano"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "aa",
            "2": "wardiyá",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Afar: wardiyá",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Afar: wardiyá"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "واردإ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: واردإ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: واردإ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "id": "heed"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "guardare"
      },
      "expansion": "guardare",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*wardu",
        "4": "*warda"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *warda",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "t": "to watch, notice, give heed"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "garde"
      },
      "expansion": "French garde",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "guarda"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish guarda",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From guardare, of Germanic origin, possibly corresponding to Frankish *warda or Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja), all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”). Compare French garde, Spanish guarda.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardie",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f (plural guardie)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guàr‧dia"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "guard (all senses)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "watch, guard duty, sentry duty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "guard duty",
          "guard duty"
        ],
        [
          "sentry duty",
          "sentry duty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwar.dja/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ardja"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "guarda"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sicilian feminine nouns",
    "Sicilian lemmas",
    "Sicilian nouns",
    "Sicilian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sicilian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (heed)",
    "Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sicilian terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "guardari"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardatu"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardianu"
    },
    {
      "word": "vardari"
    },
    {
      "word": "vardatu"
    },
    {
      "word": "vardianu"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "La Guardia"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: La Guardia, La Vardia\nEnglish: Laguardia\nItalian: La Guardia, Laguardia",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: La Guardia, La Vardia\nEnglish: Laguardia\nItalian: La Guardia, Laguardia"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "id": "heed"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gem",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Germanic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*wardu",
        "4": "*warda"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *warda",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wer-",
        "t": "to watch, notice, give heed"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "garde"
      },
      "expansion": "French garde",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "gardia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian gardia",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "guarda"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish guarda",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of Germanic origin. Derived possibly from Frankish *warda, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, notice, give heed”). Compare French garde, Italian gardia, Spanish guarda.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardi",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "guardia"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "guard",
        "2": "f",
        "3": "ia",
        "4": "i"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f (plural guardi)",
      "name": "scn-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guàr‧dia"
  ],
  "lang": "Sicilian",
  "lang_code": "scn",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sincalijari"
    },
    {
      "word": "sinnari"
    },
    {
      "word": "taliari"
    },
    {
      "word": "vigghianti"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "guard (all senses)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "watch, guard duty, sentry duty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "guard duty",
          "guard duty"
        ],
        [
          "sentry duty",
          "sentry duty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwaɾ.dja/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvaɾ.dja/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "labio-dental orthography",
      "word": "vardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "guaddia"
    },
    {
      "english": "regressive assimilation",
      "tags": [
        "pronunciation-spelling"
      ],
      "word": "vaddia"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdja",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdja/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish countable nouns",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish feminine nouns",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish masculine nouns",
    "Spanish nouns",
    "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
    "Spanish terms derived from Gothic",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardias",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia m (plural guardias)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guar‧dia"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "english": "security guard",
      "word": "guardia de seguridad"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "custodian, warden (male)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "custodian",
          "custodian"
        ],
        [
          "warden",
          "warden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Spanish terms with usage examples",
        "es:Military"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The guards are not letting me through to see my brother.",
          "text": "Los guardias no me dejan pasar a ver a mi hermano.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard, guardsman"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "guardsman",
          "guardsman"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military) guard, guardsman"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwaɾdja/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡwaɾ.ð̞ja]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾdja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdja",
    "Rhymes:Spanish/aɾdja/2 syllables",
    "Spanish 2-syllable words",
    "Spanish countable nouns",
    "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Spanish feminine nouns",
    "Spanish lemmas",
    "Spanish masculine nouns",
    "Spanish nouns",
    "Spanish nouns with irregular gender",
    "Spanish terms derived from Gothic",
    "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bajar la guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "cuerpo de guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "de guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "de juzgado de guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "en guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de alba"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de asalto"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de corps"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de honor"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de media"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de prima"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardia de tráfico"
    },
    {
      "english": "to stand guard",
      "word": "hacer guardia"
    },
    {
      "english": "to stand guard, to keep guard",
      "word": "montar guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "montar la guardia"
    },
    {
      "word": "vara de guardia"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tl",
            "2": "guwardiya",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tagalog: guwardiya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tagalog: guwardiya"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "got",
        "3": "𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰 (wardja).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "guardias",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "guardia f (plural guardias)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "guar‧dia"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "guardia civil"
    },
    {
      "english": "Assault Guard; Second Spanish Republic",
      "word": "Guardia de Asalto"
    },
    {
      "english": "Garde du Corps; French military unit",
      "word": "guardia de corps"
    },
    {
      "english": "Iron Guard",
      "tags": [
        "Romanian"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia de Hierro"
    },
    {
      "english": "guard of honor, honor guard",
      "topics": [
        "military",
        "war",
        "government",
        "politics",
        "sports",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "guardia de honor"
    },
    {
      "english": "Napoleon's Imperial Guard",
      "tags": [
        "French"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia Imperial"
    },
    {
      "english": "national guard",
      "word": "guardia nacional"
    },
    {
      "english": "Praetorian Guard",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Roman"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia Pretoriana"
    },
    {
      "english": "royal guard",
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "guardia real"
    },
    {
      "english": "Royal Guard",
      "tags": [
        "Spain"
      ],
      "word": "Guardia Real"
    },
    {
      "english": "Pontifical Swiss Guard",
      "word": "Guardia Suiza Pontificia"
    },
    {
      "english": "Swiss Guard",
      "word": "Guardia Suiza"
    },
    {
      "english": "Walloon guards; Belgian & Spanish history",
      "word": "Guardia Valona"
    },
    {
      "english": "Varangian Guard; Byzantine Empire",
      "word": "Guardia Varega"
    },
    {
      "english": "old guard",
      "word": "vieja guardia"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "guarda"
    },
    {
      "word": "guardar"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "watch, guard, guarding, guard duty, sentry duty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watch",
          "watch"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ],
        [
          "guarding",
          "guarding"
        ],
        [
          "duty",
          "duty"
        ],
        [
          "sentry",
          "sentry"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "es:Military"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard (unit or squad)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(military) guard (unit or squad)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "custody"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "custody",
          "custody"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shift (in certain professions such as for medical staff)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shift",
          "shift"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "es:Martial arts"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "guard (ground grappling position)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "martial arts",
          "martial arts"
        ],
        [
          "guard",
          "guard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(martial arts) guard (ground grappling position)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "martial-arts",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "sports",
        "war"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡwaɾdja/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡwaɾ.ð̞ja]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɾdja"
    }
  ],
  "word": "guardia"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.