See gruelling on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more gruelling",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
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"form": "most gruelling",
"tags": [
"superlative"
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}
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"pos": "adj",
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"glosses": [
"So difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted; backbreaking."
],
"id": "en-gruelling-en-adj-Yqa1dQ7N",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"taxing",
"taxing"
],
[
"exhausted",
"exhausted"
],
[
"backbreaking",
"backbreaking"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "backbreaking"
},
{
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "exhausting"
},
{
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "taxing"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztoštitelen",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "изтощителен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎčitelen",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "мъчителен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "vyčerpávající"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "vysilující"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "únavný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "afmattend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "uitputtend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "uuvuttava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "éreintant"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "esgotador"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "zermürbend"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "estenuante"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "wyczerpujący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "esgotante"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "exaustivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iznurítelʹnyj",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "изнури́тельный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istoščajuščij",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "истощающий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "iscrpljujući"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "penoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "extenuante"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "agotador"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vysnažlyvyj",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "виснажливий"
}
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈɡɹʊə.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
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},
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"ipa": "/ˈɡɹu.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
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},
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"word": "gruelling"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gruellings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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"pos": "noun",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, John William Carleton, The Sporting review, ed. by 'Craven'., page 394:",
"text": "The expenses are considerably reduced, and one or two men are prevented from carrying off nearly all the races ; for though \" the spirit\" may be ever so \" willing,\" the \" flesh is weak,\" and cannot stand more than five or six gruellings in a single day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1871, The COURSING CALENDAR For The AUTUMN SEASON 1870, page 229:",
"text": "Miss Harriet just got there first from Vauban, the latter being leg weary from his previous gruellings ; the bitch scored four more before giving way to the dog, who made some nice driving points ; Miss Harriet, coming again, finished a good trial an easy winner.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907, James Blyth, The irrevocable, and other stories, page 230:",
"text": "The course was given to the black puppy, but his chance was generally considered to have been utterly destroyed by the two gruellings he had received.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1949, H. Edwards Clarke, The modern greyhound, page 66:",
"text": "When \"Red Robin's\" other great son, \"Dee Rock\", was retired to stud in 1935 I recollect, too, the pessimistic prophecies of those sceptics that a dog that had endured so many gruellings in the field would never accomplish much at stud.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A race in which the animal being raced finishes in a state of physical exhaustion."
],
"id": "en-gruelling-en-noun-EtrenjHd",
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"motor racing"
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[
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"race"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"exhaustion",
"exhaustion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(motor racing) A race in which the animal being raced finishes in a state of physical exhaustion."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"motor-racing",
"racing",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, John Castell Hopkins, Robert John Renison, Canada at War, 1914-1918: A Record of Heroism and Achievement:",
"text": "It was the hardest fighting that our Canadians have been up against, and the manner in which they took these terrible gruellings and assaults is one of the most creditable occurrences in the annals of this great war.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1934, Lawrence Pearsall Jacks, George Dawes Hicks, George Stephens Spinks, The Hibbert Journal - Volume 33, page 53:",
"text": "Its life may be but for its hour, amid the gruellings of the world, but for this hour it justifies both its kind and nature, which has produced it, and though it fade and perish, yet it lives as the patterning embodiment of a whole striving after beauty of a creative nature.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Dai Vaughan, Non-return, →ISBN, page 81:",
"text": "'Give me a buzz when you think you can squeeze me in between English lit and the pinball championships and the gruellings of overwork, OK?'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gruelling ordeal."
],
"id": "en-gruelling-en-noun-fmazBf7p",
"links": [
[
"ordeal",
"ordeal"
]
]
}
],
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"tags": [
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"word": "gruelling"
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{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).",
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"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more gruelling",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
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"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"So difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted; backbreaking."
],
"links": [
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"difficult"
],
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"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "backbreaking"
},
{
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "exhausting"
},
{
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "taxing"
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],
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{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "iztoštitelen",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "изтощителен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mǎčitelen",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "мъчителен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "ardu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "vyčerpávající"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "vysilující"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "únavný"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "afmattend"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "uitputtend"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "uuvuttava"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "éreintant"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "esgotador"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "zermürbend"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "estenuante"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "wyczerpujący"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "esgotante"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "exaustivo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iznurítelʹnyj",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "изнури́тельный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "istoščajuščij",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "истощающий"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "iscrpljujući"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "penoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "extenuante"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"word": "agotador"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vysnažlyvyj",
"sense": "so difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "виснажливий"
}
],
"word": "gruelling"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gruellings",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gruelling (plural gruellings)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Motor racing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, John William Carleton, The Sporting review, ed. by 'Craven'., page 394:",
"text": "The expenses are considerably reduced, and one or two men are prevented from carrying off nearly all the races ; for though \" the spirit\" may be ever so \" willing,\" the \" flesh is weak,\" and cannot stand more than five or six gruellings in a single day.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1871, The COURSING CALENDAR For The AUTUMN SEASON 1870, page 229:",
"text": "Miss Harriet just got there first from Vauban, the latter being leg weary from his previous gruellings ; the bitch scored four more before giving way to the dog, who made some nice driving points ; Miss Harriet, coming again, finished a good trial an easy winner.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907, James Blyth, The irrevocable, and other stories, page 230:",
"text": "The course was given to the black puppy, but his chance was generally considered to have been utterly destroyed by the two gruellings he had received.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1949, H. Edwards Clarke, The modern greyhound, page 66:",
"text": "When \"Red Robin's\" other great son, \"Dee Rock\", was retired to stud in 1935 I recollect, too, the pessimistic prophecies of those sceptics that a dog that had endured so many gruellings in the field would never accomplish much at stud.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A race in which the animal being raced finishes in a state of physical exhaustion."
],
"links": [
[
"motor racing",
"motor racing"
],
[
"race",
"race"
],
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"exhaustion",
"exhaustion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(motor racing) A race in which the animal being raced finishes in a state of physical exhaustion."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"motor-racing",
"racing",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, John Castell Hopkins, Robert John Renison, Canada at War, 1914-1918: A Record of Heroism and Achievement:",
"text": "It was the hardest fighting that our Canadians have been up against, and the manner in which they took these terrible gruellings and assaults is one of the most creditable occurrences in the annals of this great war.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1934, Lawrence Pearsall Jacks, George Dawes Hicks, George Stephens Spinks, The Hibbert Journal - Volume 33, page 53:",
"text": "Its life may be but for its hour, amid the gruellings of the world, but for this hour it justifies both its kind and nature, which has produced it, and though it fade and perish, yet it lives as the patterning embodiment of a whole striving after beauty of a creative nature.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Dai Vaughan, Non-return, →ISBN, page 81:",
"text": "'Give me a buzz when you think you can squeeze me in between English lit and the pinball championships and the gruellings of overwork, OK?'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gruelling ordeal."
],
"links": [
[
"ordeal",
"ordeal"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹʊə.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹu.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹu.əl.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gruelling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-us-gruelling.ogg/En-us-gruelling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-us-gruelling.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-gruelling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-au-gruelling.ogg/En-au-gruelling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-au-gruelling.ogg"
}
],
"word": "gruelling"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gruelling",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gruel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present participle and gerund of gruel"
],
"links": [
[
"gruel",
"gruel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹʊə.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹu.lɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹu.əl.ɪŋ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-gruelling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/En-us-gruelling.ogg/En-us-gruelling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/En-us-gruelling.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-gruelling.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-au-gruelling.ogg/En-au-gruelling.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-au-gruelling.ogg"
}
],
"word": "gruelling"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gruelling meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.