See gruda on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gruda meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grudka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gruda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "grudka"
},
"expansion": "gruda f (diminutive grudka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gru",
"2": "d"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-3FrCYHaT",
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "pl:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Medicine",
"Lifeforms",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-TFJfAMuR",
"links": [
[
"scratches",
"scratches"
],
[
"pastern dermatitis",
"pastern dermatitis"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡru.da/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uda"
},
{
"homophone": "Gruda"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gruda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pt-verb-qyLGXNOZ",
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pt-verb-veOD616Z",
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grȕda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "гру̏да",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grȕda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grȗdā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "grȕda"
},
"expansion": "grȕda f (Cyrillic spelling гру̏да)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grȕda",
"10": "grude",
"11": "grudi",
"12": "grudama",
"13": "grudom",
"14": "grudama",
"2": "grude",
"3": "grude",
"4": "grȗdā",
"5": "grudi",
"6": "grudama",
"7": "grudu",
"8": "grude",
"9": "grudo"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"id": "en-gruda-sh-noun-3FrCYHaT",
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"snowball"
],
"id": "en-gruda-sh-noun-cwVR9brU",
"links": [
[
"snowball",
"snowball"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrûda/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udɐ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grudva"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гру́да"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: гру́да (hrúda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: гру́да (hrúda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гру́да"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гру́да (grúda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: гру́да (grúda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гру́да",
"3": "груда́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: гру́да (hrúda), груда́ (hrudá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: гру́да (hrúda), груда́ (hrudá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "грудка",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: грудка (grudka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: грудка (grudka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "грутка",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Macedonian: грутка (grutka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Macedonian: грутка (grutka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гру̏да",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гру̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гру̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "grȕda",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: grȕda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: grȕda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "grúda",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grúda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grúda"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grúda (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: grúda (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "hrúda"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: hrúda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: hrúda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hrouda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: hrouda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: hrouda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rouda"
},
"expansion": "rouda",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): rouda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hruda"
},
"expansion": "hruda",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): hruda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "grëda"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: grëda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: grëda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "grąd"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: grąd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: grąd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gruda"
},
"expansion": "Polish: gruda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: gruda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "hruda"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: hruda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: hruda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰréwdos",
"t": "crude, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to grind, to rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "graûds",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Latvian graûds (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grūdai",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grautaz",
"3": "",
"4": "big, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a collective form of Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”). Cognates include Latvian graûds (“grain”), Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”), Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grùda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grùda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lump, to pile",
"word": "gruditi"
},
{
"english": "to clump together",
"word": "grudati"
},
{
"english": "tuber (of plants)",
"word": "grudъka"
},
{
"english": "heinous, lousy; November, late autumn",
"word": "grudьnъ"
},
{
"english": "bush, shrub",
"word": "grumę"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap, lump"
],
"id": "en-gruda-sla-pro-noun-Xc8XJh8d",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uda",
"Rhymes:Polish/uda/2 syllables",
"pl:Veterinary medicine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grudka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gruda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "grudka"
},
"expansion": "gruda f (diminutive grudka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gru",
"2": "d"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis"
],
"links": [
[
"scratches",
"scratches"
],
[
"pastern dermatitis",
"pastern dermatitis"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡru.da/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uda"
},
{
"homophone": "Gruda"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/udɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/udɐ/2 syllables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gruda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "grudar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"grudar",
"grudar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of grudar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lump, to pile",
"word": "gruditi"
},
{
"english": "to clump together",
"word": "grudati"
},
{
"english": "tuber (of plants)",
"word": "grudъka"
},
{
"english": "heinous, lousy; November, late autumn",
"word": "grudьnъ"
},
{
"english": "bush, shrub",
"word": "grumę"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "гру́да"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: гру́да (hrúda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: гру́да (hrúda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гру́да"
},
"expansion": "Russian: гру́да (grúda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: гру́да (grúda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "гру́да",
"3": "груда́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: гру́да (hrúda), груда́ (hrudá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: гру́да (hrúda), груда́ (hrudá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "грудка",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: грудка (grudka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: грудка (grudka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "грутка",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Macedonian: грутка (grutka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Macedonian: грутка (grutka)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "гру̏да",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: гру̏да",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: гру̏да"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "grȕda",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: grȕda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: grȕda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "grúda",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grúda",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grúda"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: grúda (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: grúda (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "hrúda"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: hrúda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: hrúda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hrouda"
},
"expansion": "Czech: hrouda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: hrouda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rouda"
},
"expansion": "rouda",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): rouda"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "hruda"
},
"expansion": "hruda",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): hruda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "grëda"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: grëda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: grëda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "grąd"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: grąd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: grąd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gruda"
},
"expansion": "Polish: gruda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: gruda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "hruda"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: hruda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: hruda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰréwdos",
"t": "crude, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to grind, to rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "graûds",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Latvian graûds (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grūdai",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*grautaz",
"3": "",
"4": "big, great"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a collective form of Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”). Cognates include Latvian graûds (“grain”), Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”), Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grùda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdama",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdojǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdamī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdasъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grùdaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "grùdo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grùda",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
"Slovene terms with quotations",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"heap, lump"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*gruda"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grȕda",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "гру̏да",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grȕda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grȗdā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "grȕda"
},
"expansion": "grȕda f (Cyrillic spelling гру̏да)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grȕda",
"10": "grude",
"11": "grudi",
"12": "grudama",
"13": "grudom",
"14": "grudama",
"2": "grude",
"3": "grude",
"4": "grȗdā",
"5": "grudi",
"6": "grudama",
"7": "grudu",
"8": "grude",
"9": "grudo"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"snowball"
],
"links": [
[
"snowball",
"snowball"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrûda/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-udɐ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grudva"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.