See gruda in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*gruda",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"gruda\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grudka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gruda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"dim": "grudka"
},
"expansion": "gruda f (diminutive grudka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gru‧da"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 21 21 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "21 27 27 25",
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},
{
"_dis": "28 21 21 30",
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{
"_dis": "20 28 28 24",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 28 28 24",
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},
{
"_dis": "26 24 24 27",
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{
"_dis": "20 28 28 25",
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},
{
"_dis": "39 19 19 23",
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"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 26 26 27",
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},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-3FrCYHaT",
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 21 21 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "28 21 21 30",
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-9dQ1mrxO",
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 58 16",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground",
"frozen mud on a road"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-jMlGAd2V",
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground",
"(Far Masovian) frozen mud on a road"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 21 21 30",
"kind": "other",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "20 28 28 25",
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},
{
"_dis": "22 26 26 27",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 23 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 16 16 58",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "pl:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis"
],
"id": "en-gruda-pl-noun-TFJfAMuR",
"links": [
[
"scratches",
"scratches"
],
[
"pastern dermatitis",
"pastern dermatitis"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡru.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡru.da]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uda"
},
{
"homophone": "Gruda"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰer- (rub)",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uda",
"Rhymes:Polish/uda/2 syllables",
"pl:Veterinary medicine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*gruda",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"gruda\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"gruda\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos\nProto-Slavic *gruda\nPolish gruda\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *gruda.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grudka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gruda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grudach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grudo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grudy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"dim": "grudka"
},
"expansion": "gruda f (diminutive grudka)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gru‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gru‧da"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lump, clod"
],
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"clod",
"clod"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground"
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Polish literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"frozen ground",
"frozen mud on a road"
],
"links": [
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
],
[
"frozen",
"frozen"
],
[
"mud",
"mud"
],
[
"road",
"road"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) frozen ground",
"(Far Masovian) frozen mud on a road"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mud fever, scratches, pastern dermatitis"
],
"links": [
[
"scratches",
"scratches"
],
[
"pastern dermatitis",
"pastern dermatitis"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡru.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡru.da]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uda"
},
{
"homophone": "Gruda"
}
],
"word": "gruda"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gruda meaning in Polish (4.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"gruda"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gruda",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"gruda"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gruda",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.