"gratter" meaning in All languages combined

See gratter on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /ɡʁa.te/ Audio: Fr-gratter.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|gratter|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French gratter, {{inh+|fr|frm|gratter}} Inherited from Middle French gratter, {{inh|fr|fro|gratter}} Old French gratter, {{m|fro|grater}} grater, {{der|fr|frk|*kratton}} Frankish *kratton, {{der|fr|gem-pro|*krattōną}} Proto-Germanic *krattōną, {{der|fr|ine-pro|*gred-}} Proto-Indo-European *gred-, {{cog|sq|gërresë|t=rasp, scraper}} Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), {{cog|de|kratzen|t=to scratch}} German kratzen (“to scratch”), {{cog|sv|kratta|t=to rake}} Swedish kratta (“to rake”) Head templates: {{fr-verb}} gratter Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gratter [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], grattant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], gratté [participle, past], gratte [first-person, indicative, present, singular], grattes [indicative, present, second-person, singular], gratte [indicative, present, singular, third-person], grattons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], grattez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], grattent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], grattais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], grattais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], grattait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], grattions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], grattiez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], grattaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], grattai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], grattas [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], gratta [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], grattâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], grattâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], grattèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], gratterai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], gratteras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], grattera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], gratterons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], gratterez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], gratteront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], gratterais [conditional, first-person, singular], gratterais [conditional, second-person, singular], gratterait [conditional, singular, third-person], gratterions [conditional, first-person, plural], gratteriez [conditional, plural, second-person], gratteraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], gratte [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], grattes [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], gratte [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], grattions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], grattiez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], grattent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], grattasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], grattasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], grattât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], grattassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], grattassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], grattassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], gratte [imperative, second-person, singular], grattons [first-person, imperative, plural], grattez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to scrub
    Sense id: en-gratter-fr-verb-JIZtf4Fz Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -er Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 49 9 9 12 21 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -er: 35 15 15 17 18
  2. to scrape
    Sense id: en-gratter-fr-verb-qkbkEf3d
  3. (transitive) to scratch Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-gratter-fr-verb-6zW~VBjx
  4. (intransitive, informal) to itch Tags: informal, intransitive
    Sense id: en-gratter-fr-verb-G8NeIbdR
  5. (informal) to play the guitar Tags: informal
    Sense id: en-gratter-fr-verb-4wY6RjSl
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: grattage, gratte-ciel, gratte-cul, gratte-dos, poil à gratter

Verb [Norman]

Etymology: From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną. Etymology templates: {{inh|nrf|fro|grater}} Old French grater, {{m|fr|gratter}} gratter, {{m|en|grate|pos=verb}} grate (verb), {{bor|nrf|frk|*kratton}} Frankish *kratton, {{der|nrf|gem-pro|*krattōną}} Proto-Germanic *krattōną Head templates: {{head|nrf|verb||||||head=}} gratter, {{nrf-verb}} gratter
  1. (Jersey) to grate Tags: Jersey
    Sense id: en-gratter-nrm-verb-UBmQtsa~ Categories (other): Jersey Norman, Norman entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for gratter meaning in All languages combined (12.9kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "grattage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gratte-ciel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gratte-cul"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gratte-dos"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "poil à gratter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "gratter",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French gratter",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French gratter",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gratter",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "grater"
      },
      "expansion": "grater",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*kratton"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krattōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gred-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "gërresë",
        "t": "rasp, scraper"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kratzen",
        "t": "to scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kratta",
        "t": "to rake"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratter",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattant",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratté",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattons",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattait",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattaient",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattai",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattas",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratta",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattâmes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattâtes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattèrent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterai",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteras",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattera",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterons",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteront",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterait",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteriez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteraient",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattasse",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattasses",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattât",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattassions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattassiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattassent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattons",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 9 9 12 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 15 15 17 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scrub"
      ],
      "id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-JIZtf4Fz",
      "links": [
        [
          "scrub",
          "scrub"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to scrape"
      ],
      "id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-qkbkEf3d",
      "links": [
        [
          "scrape",
          "scrape"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to scratch"
      ],
      "id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-6zW~VBjx",
      "links": [
        [
          "scratch",
          "scratch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scratch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It itches.",
          "text": "Ça gratte.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to itch"
      ],
      "id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-G8NeIbdR",
      "links": [
        [
          "itch",
          "itch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, informal) to itch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to play the guitar"
      ],
      "id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-4wY6RjSl",
      "links": [
        [
          "play",
          "play"
        ],
        [
          "guitar",
          "guitar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) to play the guitar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-gratter.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg/Fr-gratter.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gratter"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "grater"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French grater",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grate",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "grate (verb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*kratton"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krattōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "nrf-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Jersey Norman",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grate"
      ],
      "id": "en-gratter-nrm-verb-UBmQtsa~",
      "links": [
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) to grate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gratter"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms inherited from Middle French",
    "French terms inherited from Old French",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -er"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "grattage"
    },
    {
      "word": "gratte-ciel"
    },
    {
      "word": "gratte-cul"
    },
    {
      "word": "gratte-dos"
    },
    {
      "word": "poil à gratter"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "gratter",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French gratter",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French gratter",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French gratter",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "grater"
      },
      "expansion": "grater",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*kratton"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krattōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gred-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "gërresë",
        "t": "rasp, scraper"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "kratzen",
        "t": "to scratch"
      },
      "expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "kratta",
        "t": "to rake"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratter",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattant",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratté",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattons",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattait",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattaient",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattai",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattas",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratta",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattâmes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattâtes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattèrent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterai",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteras",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattera",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterons",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteront",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterais",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterait",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratterions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteriez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratteraient",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattes",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattasse",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattasses",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattât",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattassions",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattassiez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattassent",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gratte",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattons",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grattez",
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to scrub"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scrub",
          "scrub"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to scrape"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scrape",
          "scrape"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scratch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scratch",
          "scratch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to scratch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French informal terms",
        "French intransitive verbs",
        "French terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It itches.",
          "text": "Ça gratte.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to itch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "itch",
          "itch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, informal) to itch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French informal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to play the guitar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "play",
          "play"
        ],
        [
          "guitar",
          "guitar"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal) to play the guitar"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-gratter.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg/Fr-gratter.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gratter"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "grater"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French grater",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gratter"
      },
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grate",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "grate (verb)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*kratton"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*krattōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French grater (whence also French gratter, English grate (verb)), borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nrf",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gratter",
      "name": "nrf-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norman",
  "lang_code": "nrm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Jersey Norman",
        "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
        "Norman lemmas",
        "Norman terms borrowed from Frankish",
        "Norman terms derived from Frankish",
        "Norman terms derived from Old French",
        "Norman terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Norman terms inherited from Old French",
        "Norman verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to grate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grate",
          "grate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Jersey) to grate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gratter"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.