See gratter in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grattage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratte-ciel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratte-cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gratte-dos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "poil à gratter"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gratter",
"gratter#Middle_French"
],
[
"gratter",
"gratter#Old_French"
],
[
"grater",
"grater#Old_French"
],
[
"*kratton",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kratton"
],
[
"*krattōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krattōną"
],
[
"*gred-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gred-"
],
[
"gërresë",
"gërresë#Albanian"
],
[
"kratzen",
"kratzen#German"
],
[
"kratta",
"kratta#Swedish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*grodnéh₂ti\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*gred-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-néh₂ti\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krattōną\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*krattōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"grater\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"gratter\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gratter",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Old French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*kratton"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gred-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gërresë",
"t": "rasp, scraper"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kratta",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gratter",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "grattant",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gratté",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattaient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattas",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratta",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâmes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâtes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattèrent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteras",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattera",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteront",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteriez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteraient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasse",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasses",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattât",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gratter",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scrub"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-JIZtf4Fz",
"links": [
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scrape"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-qkbkEf3d",
"links": [
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scratch"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-6zW~VBjx",
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scratch"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 18 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 45 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It itches.",
"text": "Ça gratte.",
"translation": "It itches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to itch"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-G8NeIbdR",
"links": [
[
"itch",
"itch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, informal) to itch"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 19 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to play the guitar"
],
"id": "en-gratter-fr-verb-4wY6RjSl",
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"guitar",
"guitar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) to play the guitar"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-gratter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg/Fr-gratter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
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{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grattage"
},
{
"word": "gratte-ciel"
},
{
"word": "gratte-cul"
},
{
"word": "gratte-dos"
},
{
"word": "poil à gratter"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gratter",
"gratter#Middle_French"
],
[
"gratter",
"gratter#Old_French"
],
[
"grater",
"grater#Old_French"
],
[
"*kratton",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kratton"
],
[
"*krattōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krattōną"
],
[
"*gred-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gred-"
],
[
"gërresë",
"gërresë#Albanian"
],
[
"kratzen",
"kratzen#German"
],
[
"kratta",
"kratta#Swedish"
]
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*grodnéh₂ti\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*gred-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-néh₂ti\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*krattōną\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*krattōn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"grater\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"gratter\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"gratter\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gratter",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French gratter",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gratter"
},
"expansion": "Old French gratter",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*kratton"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *kratton",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krattōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krattōną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gred-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gred-",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"1": "sq",
"2": "gërresë",
"t": "rasp, scraper"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kratzen",
"t": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "German kratzen (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kratta",
"t": "to rake"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kratta (“to rake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:gratter<ety:inh<fro:grater<alt:gratter>>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French gratter, from Old French gratter, grater, borrowed from Frankish *kratton, from Proto-Germanic *krattōną, from Proto-Indo-European *gred-, see also Albanian gërresë (“rasp, scraper”), German kratzen (“to scratch”), Swedish kratta (“to rake”).",
"forms": [
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "gratter",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
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]
},
{
"form": "grattant",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattaient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattas",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratta",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâmes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattâtes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattèrent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterai",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteras",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattera",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteront",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterais",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterait",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratterions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteriez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gratteraient",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattes",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasse",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattasses",
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattât",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassions",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassiez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.ta.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grattassent",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gratte",
"ipa": "/ɡʁat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grattons",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.tɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grattez",
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gratter",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to scrub"
],
"links": [
[
"scrub",
"scrub"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to scrape"
],
"links": [
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to scratch"
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to scratch"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French informal terms",
"French intransitive verbs",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It itches.",
"text": "Ça gratte.",
"translation": "It itches.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to itch"
],
"links": [
[
"itch",
"itch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, informal) to itch"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to play the guitar"
],
"links": [
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"guitar",
"guitar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) to play the guitar"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʁa.te/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-gratter.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg/Fr-gratter.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-gratter.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-GrandCelinien-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Paris"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Grenoble",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Penegal-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Penegal-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Hérault",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-X-Javier-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Massy",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-gratter.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-gratter.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "gratter"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gratter meaning in French (18.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.