See graaf on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for graaf meaning in All languages combined (14.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "graaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch graaf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graf",
"3": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graf and grave",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch graaf. Doublet of graf and grave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graafs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graaf (plural graafs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "en:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847, J[acob] van Lennep, translated by Frank Woodley, The Rose of Dekama; or, The Friesian Heiress. A Tale. (The Library of Foreign Romance, and Novel Newspaper: Comprising Standard English Works of Fiction, and Original Translations from the Most Celebrated Continental Authors, volume VIII), London: Bruce and Wyld, […], page 36, column 1",
"text": "The knights of St. John once had here their dwelling, or commandery, as it was called, but had removed in 1312 to a new building within the city of Haarlem, where they were richly endowed by Graaf William the Good, who also conferred on them numerous privileges, of which not the least was, that the commander of the order should thenceforth be the host of the graafs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1976, Christopher Matthew, A Different World: Stories of Great Hotels, Paddington Press Ltd., page 17",
"text": "However, when I tell you that the Queen of England and the Duke of Edinburgh were there, and the King of Norway, and the Shah of Persia and Queen Farah Diba, and the Prince Michael of Greece, and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, and Prince Bertil of Sweden, plus nearly fifty assorted princes and princesses, dukes, barons, graafs and gravins, meurows and heers, you will begin to see just how high a high point it was in the Amstel’s history.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Jesse Bullington, The Folly of the World, Orbit, page 231",
"text": "And they always had an excuse, didn’t they? They, them, those—the rich men, the graafs and their bullyboys, the freemen, the knights, the mercenary chiefs, the militiamen, the lords and ladies… And now he was one of them. Would that he hadn’t drowned his old da, so the wicked asshole could have seen his son become a graaf before being hanged for whatever crimes Sander saw fit to charge him with.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Daniel O’Malley, Stiletto, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass., London: Little, Brown and Company, page 82",
"text": "And so the graafs mounted their huge steeds and fled, breaking through the enemy lines.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Dutch earl or count."
],
"id": "en-graaf-en-noun-NztoTV4U",
"links": [
[
"Dutch",
"Dutch"
],
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grawe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grafie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "gravin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "grafie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "feminine",
"16": "gravin",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "grawe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie, feminine gravin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grawe",
"2": "grafie",
"f": "gravin"
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie, feminine gravin)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graafskap"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earl, count"
],
"id": "en-graaf-af-noun-DtP5BjZ5",
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grawe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grafie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "grafie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "grawe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grawe",
"2": "grafie"
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shovel"
],
"id": "en-graaf-af-noun-c3ESag9~",
"links": [
[
"shovel",
"shovel"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "grawe"
}
]
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: grave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: grave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "grâve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grâve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "grāvo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch grāvo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*garāfijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *garāfijō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grâve, from Old Dutch grāvo, from Proto-West Germanic *garāfijō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gravin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "graafje",
"f": "gravin"
},
"expansion": "graaf m (plural graven, diminutive graafje n, feminine gravin)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 34 4 40 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "nl:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "burggraaf"
},
{
"word": "dijkgraaf"
},
{
"word": "graafschap"
},
{
"word": "gravin"
},
{
"word": "markgraaf"
},
{
"word": "paltsgraaf"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earl, count"
],
"id": "en-graaf-nl-noun-DtP5BjZ5",
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "graafje"
},
"expansion": "graaf m (plural grafen, diminutive graafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Graph theory",
"orig": "nl:Graph theory",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Visualization",
"Formal sciences",
"Computing",
"Interdisciplinary fields",
"Sciences",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"graph"
],
"id": "en-graaf-nl-noun-7vk-HRRI",
"links": [
[
"graph theory",
"graph theory"
],
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(graph theory) graph"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"graph-theory",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "grave",
"4": "",
"5": "serious, grave"
},
"expansion": "French grave (“serious, grave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "erg"
},
"expansion": "erg",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean \"serious, grave\" as well as \"very\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graafer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "graafst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graaf (comparative graafer, superlative graafst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belgian Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Skateboarden is graver dan inline-skaten! — Skateboarding is cooler than inline skating!"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool (in the sense of nice or impressive)"
],
"id": "en-graaf-nl-adj-DdDtz4al",
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, Belgium) cool (in the sense of nice or impressive)"
],
"tags": [
"Belgium",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "grave",
"4": "",
"5": "serious, grave"
},
"expansion": "French grave (“serious, grave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "erg"
},
"expansion": "erg",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean \"serious, grave\" as well as \"very\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graaf",
"name": "nl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belgian Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That's very expensive.",
"text": "Dat is graaf duur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"very"
],
"id": "en-graaf-nl-adv-TGpIOfg9",
"links": [
[
"very",
"very"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, Belgium) very"
],
"tags": [
"Belgium",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "graaf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 1 3 9 58 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 6 13 49 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 34 4 40 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "nl:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-graaf-nl-verb-FSE0DbQR",
"links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 2 34 4 40 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Nobility",
"orig": "nl:Nobility",
"parents": [
"High society",
"People",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-graaf-nl-verb-HE2ZaQTY",
"links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gur",
"2": "nl",
"3": "graaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch graaf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gur",
"2": "de",
"3": "Graf"
},
"expansion": "German Graf",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch graaf, German Graf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gur",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "graaf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Farefare",
"lang_code": "gur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Farefare entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earl, count"
],
"id": "en-graaf-gur-noun-DtP5BjZ5",
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɾaːf/"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graafskap"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grawe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grafie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "gravin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "grafie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "feminine",
"16": "gravin",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "grawe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie, feminine gravin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grawe",
"2": "grafie",
"f": "gravin"
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie, feminine gravin)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earl, count"
],
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grawe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grafie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "grafie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "grawe",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grawe",
"2": "grafie"
},
"expansion": "graaf (plural grawe, diminutive grafie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "grawe"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"shovel"
],
"links": [
[
"shovel",
"shovel"
]
]
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Nobility"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "burggraaf"
},
{
"word": "dijkgraaf"
},
{
"word": "graafschap"
},
{
"word": "gravin"
},
{
"word": "markgraaf"
},
{
"word": "paltsgraaf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: grave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: grave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "grâve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch grâve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "grāvo"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch grāvo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*garāfijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *garāfijō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch grâve, from Old Dutch grāvo, from Proto-West Germanic *garāfijō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "gravin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "graafje",
"f": "gravin"
},
"expansion": "graaf m (plural graven, diminutive graafje n, feminine gravin)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earl, count"
],
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graafje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "graafje"
},
"expansion": "graaf m (plural grafen, diminutive graafje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"nl:Graph theory"
],
"glosses": [
"graph"
],
"links": [
[
"graph theory",
"graph theory"
],
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(graph theory) graph"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"graph-theory",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch adverbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "grave",
"4": "",
"5": "serious, grave"
},
"expansion": "French grave (“serious, grave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "erg"
},
"expansion": "erg",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean \"serious, grave\" as well as \"very\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graafer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "graafst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graaf (comparative graafer, superlative graafst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Belgian Dutch",
"Dutch slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Skateboarden is graver dan inline-skaten! — Skateboarding is cooler than inline skating!"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cool (in the sense of nice or impressive)"
],
"links": [
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, Belgium) cool (in the sense of nice or impressive)"
],
"tags": [
"Belgium",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch adverbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "grave",
"4": "",
"5": "serious, grave"
},
"expansion": "French grave (“serious, grave”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "erg"
},
"expansion": "erg",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French grave (“serious, grave”). Most likely influenced by Dutch erg which can mean \"serious, grave\" as well as \"very\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graaf",
"name": "nl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Belgian Dutch",
"Dutch slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That's very expensive.",
"text": "Dat is graaf duur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"very"
],
"links": [
[
"very",
"very"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, Belgium) very"
],
"tags": [
"Belgium",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/aːf/1 syllable",
"nl:Nobility"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "graaf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"graaf"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "graven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"graven",
"graven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of graven:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɣraːf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːf"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-graaf.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg/Nl-graaf.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-graaf.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "graaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch graaf",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graf",
"3": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graf and grave",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch graaf. Doublet of graf and grave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graafs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graaf (plural graafs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nobility"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1847, J[acob] van Lennep, translated by Frank Woodley, The Rose of Dekama; or, The Friesian Heiress. A Tale. (The Library of Foreign Romance, and Novel Newspaper: Comprising Standard English Works of Fiction, and Original Translations from the Most Celebrated Continental Authors, volume VIII), London: Bruce and Wyld, […], page 36, column 1",
"text": "The knights of St. John once had here their dwelling, or commandery, as it was called, but had removed in 1312 to a new building within the city of Haarlem, where they were richly endowed by Graaf William the Good, who also conferred on them numerous privileges, of which not the least was, that the commander of the order should thenceforth be the host of the graafs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1976, Christopher Matthew, A Different World: Stories of Great Hotels, Paddington Press Ltd., page 17",
"text": "However, when I tell you that the Queen of England and the Duke of Edinburgh were there, and the King of Norway, and the Shah of Persia and Queen Farah Diba, and the Prince Michael of Greece, and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, and Prince Bertil of Sweden, plus nearly fifty assorted princes and princesses, dukes, barons, graafs and gravins, meurows and heers, you will begin to see just how high a high point it was in the Amstel’s history.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Jesse Bullington, The Folly of the World, Orbit, page 231",
"text": "And they always had an excuse, didn’t they? They, them, those—the rich men, the graafs and their bullyboys, the freemen, the knights, the mercenary chiefs, the militiamen, the lords and ladies… And now he was one of them. Would that he hadn’t drowned his old da, so the wicked asshole could have seen his son become a graaf before being hanged for whatever crimes Sander saw fit to charge him with.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, Daniel O’Malley, Stiletto, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass., London: Little, Brown and Company, page 82",
"text": "And so the graafs mounted their huge steeds and fled, breaking through the enemy lines.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Dutch earl or count."
],
"links": [
[
"Dutch",
"Dutch"
],
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gur",
"2": "nl",
"3": "graaf"
},
"expansion": "Dutch graaf",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gur",
"2": "de",
"3": "Graf"
},
"expansion": "German Graf",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch graaf, German Graf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gur",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "graaf",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Farefare",
"lang_code": "gur",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Farefare entries with incorrect language header",
"Farefare lemmas",
"Farefare nouns",
"Farefare terms derived from Dutch",
"Farefare terms derived from German",
"Farefare terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"earl, count"
],
"links": [
[
"earl",
"earl"
],
[
"count",
"count"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɾaːf/"
}
],
"word": "graaf"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.