See galena on Wiktionary
{
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "false galena"
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{
"ref": "1939 November, Raymond B. Wailes, “Chemical Engineering for Home Experimenters”, in Popular Science, page 207:",
"text": "You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1942, G. F. Loughlin, A. H. Koschmann, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Magdalena Mining District, New Mexico, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 200, page 98,\nThe galena of the ore contains microscopic inclusions of various forms that become visible upon polished surfaces etched with hydrochloric or nitric acid."
},
{
"ref": "1953, “Report of the Committee on the Measurement of Geologic Time”, in U.S, National Research Council, page 132:",
"text": "These samples had higher Pb²⁰⁶ and Pb²⁰⁸ abundances than any other galenas yet examined.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Sanghamitra Ghosh, Heavy Stable Isotope Investigations in Environmental Science and Archaeology, page 77:",
"text": "Very little galena has been reported (recovered mostly from burial mounds) in the Great Lakes region indicating that the mineral was not a major interregional exchange commodity during this period. However, numerous galenas have been recovered from the lower Mississippi Valley region and Florida indicating that galena was part of an important north-south exchange system (Walthall 1981).",
"type": "quote"
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"A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead."
],
"id": "en-galena-en-noun-Aw7zuG40",
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"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ba",
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"sense": "mineral",
"word": "方鉛礦 /方铅矿"
},
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"expansion": "galēna f (genitive galēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "galēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 33, chapter 31",
"text": "Excoqui non potest, nisi cum plumbo nigro aut cum vena plumbi – galenam vocant – quae iuxta argenti venas plerumque reperitur.\nIt cannot be smelted, except together with lead or with the vein of lead – they call it galena – that is mostly found next to veins of silver.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lead-ore"
],
"id": "en-galena-la-noun-6zBGq0dL",
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That which first becomes liquid in the furnaces is called stagnum; that which is second is silver; what remains in the furnaces is galena, which forms a third portion of the added vein; when again made to fuse this gives black lead, two-ninths having been deducted.",
"roman": "Huius qui primus fuit in fornacibus liquor stagnum appellatur; qui secundus argentum; quod remansit in fornacibus, galena, quae fit tertia portio additae venae; haec rursus conflata dat nigrum plumbum deductis partibus nonis II.",
"text": "77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 34, chapter 47",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "There is also molybdaena, which elsewhere we have called galena, a mineral of silver and lead together.",
"roman": "Est et molybdaena, quam alio loco galenam appellavimus, vena argenti plumbique communis.",
"text": "77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 34, chapter 53",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the dross that remains after smelting this ore"
],
"id": "en-galena-la-noun-FjWMFk8L",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) the dross that remains after smelting this ore"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈleː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäˈɫ̪eːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈle.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäˈlɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "galena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galeny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galenie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galenę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galeną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galenie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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},
{
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Minerals",
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"parents": [
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"Mineralogy",
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"Geology",
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"Earth sciences",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 1 23 0 2 25 17 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 1 23 0 1 25 16 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"galena"
],
"id": "en-galena-pl-noun-4RKdfzWR",
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) galena"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "galenitowy"
},
{
"word": "galenit"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "galenit"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlɛ.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛna"
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galenas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Minerals",
"orig": "pt:Minerals",
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Earth sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 1 23 0 2 25 17 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 1 23 0 1 25 16 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)"
],
"id": "en-galena-pt-noun-bmcRtaox",
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈle.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɐˈle.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin galēna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galenas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Minerals",
"orig": "es:Minerals",
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"Mineralogy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Geology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Earth sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"galena"
],
"id": "en-galena-es-noun-4RKdfzWR",
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) galena"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡaˈle.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "galena"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin galēna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
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}
],
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],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
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{
"word": "galeno"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"links": [
[
"galeno",
"galeno#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡaˈle.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:galena"
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin galēna",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galenes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ca:Minerals"
],
"glosses": [
"galena"
],
"links": [
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡəˈlɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡəˈlə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡaˈle.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːnə",
"Rhymes:English/iːnə/3 syllables",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"en:Lead"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "false galena"
},
{
"word": "galenic"
},
{
"word": "galenical"
},
{
"word": "galeniferous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna",
"4": "",
"5": "dross from smelting lead"
},
"expansion": "Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin galēna (“dross from smelting lead”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galenae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s",
"3": "galenae"
},
"expansion": "galena (usually uncountable, plural galenas or galenae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Minerals"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1939 November, Raymond B. Wailes, “Chemical Engineering for Home Experimenters”, in Popular Science, page 207:",
"text": "You can easily extract lead from galena, a natural mineral which has been used in crystal radio receivers.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1942, G. F. Loughlin, A. H. Koschmann, Geology and Ore Deposits of the Magdalena Mining District, New Mexico, Geological Survey Professional Paper, Issue 200, page 98,\nThe galena of the ore contains microscopic inclusions of various forms that become visible upon polished surfaces etched with hydrochloric or nitric acid."
},
{
"ref": "1953, “Report of the Committee on the Measurement of Geologic Time”, in U.S, National Research Council, page 132:",
"text": "These samples had higher Pb²⁰⁶ and Pb²⁰⁸ abundances than any other galenas yet examined.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Sanghamitra Ghosh, Heavy Stable Isotope Investigations in Environmental Science and Archaeology, page 77:",
"text": "Very little galena has been reported (recovered mostly from burial mounds) in the Great Lakes region indicating that the mineral was not a major interregional exchange commodity during this period. However, numerous galenas have been recovered from the lower Mississippi Valley region and Florida indicating that galena was part of an important north-south exchange system (Walthall 1981).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead."
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"mineral",
"mineral"
],
[
"lead",
"lead"
],
[
"sulphide",
"sulphide"
],
[
"ore",
"ore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"A remedy or antidote for poison; theriac"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"theriac",
"theriac"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, obsolete) A remedy or antidote for poison; theriac"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡəˈliː.nə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-galena.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-galena.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-galena.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-galena.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-galena.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːnə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "galenite"
},
{
"word": "lead glance"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "galenit",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "галенит"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "galenit",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "галенит"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "galena"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fāngqiānkuàng",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "方鉛礦 /方铅矿"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "blyglans"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "galeno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "galeniit"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blýglansur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "lyijyhohde"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "galène"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Galenit"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "galinítis",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "γαληνίτης"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "aqerluusaq"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "blýglans"
},
{
"alt": "ほうえんこう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōenkō",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "方鉛鉱"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "galenit",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "галенит"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "galenit",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "галенит"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "galena"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "galenit"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "galena"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "galenă"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "galansa"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "galenit"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "galena"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mineral",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "blyglans"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "mineral",
"word": "galena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"galena"
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "galene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galene)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧lè‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛna",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛna/3 syllables",
"it:Minerals"
],
"glosses": [
"galena"
],
"links": [
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlɛ.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛna"
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "galena"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: galena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: galena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "galena"
},
"expansion": "English: galena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: galena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "galène"
},
"expansion": "French: galène",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: galène"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "galena"
},
"expansion": "Italian: galena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: galena"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "galena"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: galena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: galena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ǵl̥h₂-es-",
"t": "glimmering, cheerful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γαλήνη",
"3": "",
"4": "serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”). See cognate Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "galēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "galēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "galēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "galēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "galēna f (genitive galēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "galēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 33, chapter 31",
"text": "Excoqui non potest, nisi cum plumbo nigro aut cum vena plumbi – galenam vocant – quae iuxta argenti venas plerumque reperitur.\nIt cannot be smelted, except together with lead or with the vein of lead – they call it galena – that is mostly found next to veins of silver.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lead-ore"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That which first becomes liquid in the furnaces is called stagnum; that which is second is silver; what remains in the furnaces is galena, which forms a third portion of the added vein; when again made to fuse this gives black lead, two-ninths having been deducted.",
"roman": "Huius qui primus fuit in fornacibus liquor stagnum appellatur; qui secundus argentum; quod remansit in fornacibus, galena, quae fit tertia portio additae venae; haec rursus conflata dat nigrum plumbum deductis partibus nonis II.",
"text": "77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 34, chapter 47",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "There is also molybdaena, which elsewhere we have called galena, a mineral of silver and lead together.",
"roman": "Est et molybdaena, quam alio loco galenam appellavimus, vena argenti plumbique communis.",
"text": "77–79, Pliny the Elder, Natural History, book 34, chapter 53",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the dross that remains after smelting this ore"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) the dross that remains after smelting this ore"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈleː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäˈɫ̪eːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈle.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡäˈlɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "galena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galeny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galenie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galenę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galeną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galenie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "galeno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "galenitowy"
},
{
"word": "galenit"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛna",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛna/3 syllables",
"pl:Minerals"
],
"glosses": [
"galena"
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) galena"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "galenit"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlɛ.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛna"
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galenas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese learned borrowings from Latin",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pt:Minerals"
],
"glosses": [
"galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)"
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) galena (mineral mined as an ore of lead)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈle.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɐˈle.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ena",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ena/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin galēna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galenas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"es:Minerals"
],
"glosses": [
"galena"
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"galena",
"galena#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mineralogy) galena"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡaˈle.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:galena"
],
"word": "galena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ena",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ena/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "galēna"
},
"expansion": "Latin galēna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin galēna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "galenas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "galena f (plural galenas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ga‧le‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish female equivalent nouns"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "galeno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of galeno"
],
"links": [
[
"galeno",
"galeno#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaˈlena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡaˈle.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"es:galena"
],
"word": "galena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for galena meaning in All languages combined (19.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.