See frith on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for frith meaning in All languages combined (26.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frithstool"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frith"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frith",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "friþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþu",
"t": "peace, tranquility, security, refuge"
},
"expansion": "friþu (“peace, tranquility, security, refuge”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*friþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *friþu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"t": "peace, reconciliation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, reconciliation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*priHós",
"t": "beloved, happy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“beloved, happy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vrede",
"t": "peace, quiet, tranquility"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrede (“peace, quiet, tranquility”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Frieden",
"t": "peace, tranquility"
},
"expansion": "German Frieden (“peace, tranquility”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "frid",
"t": "peace, serenity"
},
"expansion": "Swedish frid (“peace, serenity”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "friður",
"t": "peace, tranquility"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic friður (“peace, tranquility”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "free"
},
"expansion": "free",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frith, from Old English friþ, friþu (“peace, tranquility, security, refuge”), from Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, reconciliation”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“beloved, happy”).\nCognate with Dutch vrede (“peace, quiet, tranquility”), German Frieden (“peace, tranquility”), Swedish frid (“peace, serenity”), Icelandic friður (“peace, tranquility”). Related to free.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "frith (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 3 3 25 28 5 5 6 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1973, University of Western Australia Law Review - Volume 11, page 21",
"text": "Thus the king declares that he wants to see his peace or 'frith' extended to his people and that moots are urged to frith all that the king wills to be frithed",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Peace; security."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-7bL1iB-J",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Peace",
"peace"
],
[
"security",
"security"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, archaic, poetic) Peace; security."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Sanctuary, asylum."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-jstwOP6C",
"links": [
[
"Sanctuary",
"sanctuary"
],
[
"asylum",
"asylum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Sanctuary, asylum."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"frith"
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frithen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frithen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "friþian",
"t": "to give frith to, make peace with, be at peace with, cherish, protect, guard, defend, keep, observe"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþian (“to give frith to, make peace with, be at peace with, cherish, protect, guard, defend, keep, observe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþōną",
"t": "to make peace, secure, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþōną (“to make peace, secure, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prēy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prēy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*prāy-",
"t": "to like, love"
},
"expansion": "*prāy- (“to like, love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frethe"
},
"expansion": "Scots frethe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "freith",
"t": "to set free, liberate"
},
"expansion": "freith (“to set free, liberate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "frede",
"t": "to have peace, protect, inclose, fence in"
},
"expansion": "Danish frede (“to have peace, protect, inclose, fence in”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "freda",
"t": "to cover, protect, quiet, inclose, fence in"
},
"expansion": "Swedish freda (“to cover, protect, quiet, inclose, fence in”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "friða",
"t": "to make peace, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic friða (“to make peace, preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frithen, from Old English friþian (“to give frith to, make peace with, be at peace with, cherish, protect, guard, defend, keep, observe”), from Proto-Germanic *friþōną (“to make peace, secure, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *prēy-, *prāy- (“to like, love”).\nCognate with Scots frethe, freith (“to set free, liberate”), Danish frede (“to have peace, protect, inclose, fence in”), Swedish freda (“to cover, protect, quiet, inclose, fence in”), Icelandic friða (“to make peace, preserve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "friths",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frithing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frithed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frithed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frith (third-person singular simple present friths, present participle frithing, simple past and past participle frithed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868, George Stephens, The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandanavia and England, page 732",
"text": "This monument and the Cairns themselves have been purchast by the State, and are now therefore \"frithed\", protected and national property.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1973, University of Western Australia Law Review - Volume 11, page 21",
"text": "Thus the king declares that he wants to see his peace or 'frith' extended to his people and that moots are urged to 'frith all that the king wills to be frithed",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To protect; guard."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-verb-xJ6tLWG4",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To protect; guard."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, Charles Vancouver, General View of the Agriculture of the County of Devon, page 134",
"text": "On the other of these improvements, the base of the mound was six feet, its height five feet, and breadth at the top nearly the same; this, with the side-drains or ditches on each side, made the whole scite of the fence about 12 feet; cost of raising the mound and frithing, 4s . per perch.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1811, Richard Carew, Thomas Tonkin, Francis Basset Baron Basset of Stratton, Carew's Survey of Cornwall, page 249",
"text": "In the halfe circle enclosed between the flood-gate and the compasse frith, there is digged a round pit, of three foot diameter, and foure foot depth, frithed on the sides, which is continually fedde with the water soaking from the sayd flood-gate, and serueth to keepe any fish aliue, that you haue before taken, and so to saue ouer often drawing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1815, Great Britain. Board of Agriculture, Agricultural Surveys: pts. 1-2. South Wales (1815), page 51",
"text": "During the same period, Mr. Davis has also enclosed open copse-woods of oak, on the south of the Teivy 90 acres, on the north of the teivy, 100 acres: all fenced with a foss and mound, planted on the top with quicks, which are \"frithed\" or guarded on the outside by a hedge of wattled trouse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enclose; fence in, as a forest or park."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-verb-YbVr4vob",
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To enclose; fence in, as a forest or park."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "freath"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frith",
"t": "forest, woodland; hedging"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frith (“forest, woodland; hedging”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fyrhþe"
},
"expansion": "Old English fyrhþe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrhþ",
"t": "forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground"
},
"expansion": "fyrhþ (“forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*furhiþi",
"t": "forest, woodland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*furhiþją",
"t": "forest, wooded country"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhiþǭ"
},
"expansion": "*furhiþǭ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhu",
"t": "fir; pine"
},
"expansion": "*furhu (“fir; pine”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furahō"
},
"expansion": "*furahō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhō",
"t": "fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest"
},
"expansion": "*furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pérkus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "*perkʷ- (“oak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quercus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Latin quercus (“oak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrh",
"t": "fir, pine"
},
"expansion": "Old English fyrh (“fir, pine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old High German forst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "foreht",
"t": "forest"
},
"expansion": "foreht (“forest”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fýri",
"t": "pine-wood, coniferous forest"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fýri (“pine-wood, coniferous forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foresta"
},
"expansion": "Latin foresta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "forest",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "forest",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frith (“forest, woodland; hedging”), from Old English fyrhþe, fyrhþ (“forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground”), from Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”), Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”), *furhiþǭ, from *furhu (“fir; pine”), from *furahō, *furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from *perkʷ- (“oak”). The English word is cognate with Latin quercus (“oak”), Old English fyrh (“fir, pine”), Old High German forst, foreht (“forest”), Old Norse fýri (“pine-wood, coniferous forest”). Latin foresta (whence eventually English forest), may be borrowed from the same West Germanic source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "friths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frith (plural friths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 11 p. 174",
"text": "As over Holt and Heath, as thorough Frith and Fell; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A forest or wood; woodland generally."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-en:wood",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"wood",
"wood#Noun"
],
[
"woodland",
"woodland"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:wood"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 3 25 28 5 5 6 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Land with mostly undergrowth and few trees; also, land in between forests or woods; pastureland which is not in use."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-YrVz-n1Z",
"links": [
[
"Land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"undergrowth",
"undergrowth"
],
[
"trees",
"tree#Noun"
],
[
"pastureland",
"pastureland"
],
[
"use",
"use#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, dialectal) Land with mostly undergrowth and few trees; also, land in between forests or woods; pastureland which is not in use."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 3 3 25 28 5 5 6 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Brushwood or undergrowth, sometimes in the form of a hedge."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-tKQSu01v",
"links": [
[
"Brushwood",
"brushwood"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"hedge",
"hedge#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hedge, especially one made from brushwood which has been wattled; also, a movable frame made from wattled branches, a hurdle."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-fqUzUfTS",
"links": [
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"wattled",
"wattle#Verb"
],
[
"movable",
"movable#Adjective"
],
[
"frame",
"frame#Noun"
],
[
"branches",
"branch#Noun"
],
[
"hurdle",
"hurdle#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A kind of weir made from wattled branches for catching fish."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-FfWlypf5",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"weir",
"weir"
],
[
"catching",
"catch#Verb"
],
[
"fish",
"fish#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A kind of weir made from wattled branches for catching fish."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "metathetic"
},
"expansion": "metathetic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "firth"
},
"expansion": "firth",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A metathetic variant of firth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "friths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frith (plural friths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an arm or inlet of the sea",
"word": "firth"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol I, ch 1-pt i",
"text": "He [Agricola] had observed, that the island [Britannia; now Great Britain] is almost divided into two unequal parts by the opposite gulfs, or, as they are now called, the Friths of Scotland.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1807, Charlotte Turner Smith, Beachy Head",
"text": "/ The southern hills / That to the setting Sun, their graceful heads / Rearing, o'erlook the frith, where Vecta breaks / With her white rocks, the strong impetuous tide, / When western winds the vast Atlantic urge / To thunder on the coast",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of firth (“an arm or inlet of the sea”)."
],
"id": "en-frith-en-noun-en:firth",
"links": [
[
"firth",
"firth#English"
],
[
"arm",
"arm#Noun"
],
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of firth (“an arm or inlet of the sea”)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:firth"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frith"
},
"expansion": "English: frith",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frith"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "friþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþu"
},
"expansion": "friþu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*friþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *friþu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English friþ, friþu, from Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "frith (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frithen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 5 1 5 24 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 4 1 4 16 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 13 13 13 13 13 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Diplomacy",
"orig": "enm:Diplomacy",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A state of general peace or tranquility."
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-enm:peace",
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"peace",
"peace"
],
[
"tranquility",
"tranquility"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:peace"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 65 4 4 8 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Traditional or customary law."
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-Ppn0fNln",
"links": [
[
"customary",
"customary"
],
[
"law",
"law"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Traditional or customary law."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/friθ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ffryth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "firth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "freþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frið"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "friþþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fryþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "friþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fryth"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frith",
"3": "firth"
},
"expansion": "English: frith, firth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frith, firth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "firth",
"qq": "poetic"
},
"expansion": "Scots: firth (poetic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: firth (poetic)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fyrhþe"
},
"expansion": "Old English fyrhþe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrhþ"
},
"expansion": "fyrhþ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*furhiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*furhiþją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furhiþją",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhiþǭ"
},
"expansion": "*furhiþǭ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English fyrhþe, fyrhþ, from Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi, from Proto-Germanic *furhiþją, *furhiþǭ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frithes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frithes"
},
"expansion": "frith (plural frithes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"royal forest or wood"
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-enm:forest",
"links": [
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:forest"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forested wild"
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-Ptk4Xfmi",
"links": [
[
"forested",
"forested"
],
[
"wild",
"wild"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 3 15 16 27 9 10",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Forests",
"orig": "enm:Forests",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forest clearing"
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-QHguld9B",
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"clearing",
"clearing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fenced land"
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-gLtVmn75",
"links": [
[
"fenced",
"fenced"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) fenced land"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hedging (as a fence)"
],
"id": "en-frith-enm-noun-dUQN01-D",
"links": [
[
"hedging",
"hedging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) hedging (as a fence)"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/friθ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/firθ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/frixt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/friːxt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "friþ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fryth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frethe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fritthe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "friþe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fruth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fryght"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ffyrthe"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fred"
},
"expansion": "Danish: fred",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: fred"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "non",
"3": "friðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse friðr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse friðr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "frith m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"peace"
],
"id": "en-frith-gmq-oda-noun-wuEMIL9G",
"links": [
[
"peace",
"peace"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ri",
"t": "with, against"
},
"expansion": "ri (“with, against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "fri",
"t": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish fri (“towards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the preposition ri (“with, against”), from Old Irish fri (“towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frith-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"little, small"
],
"id": "en-frith-gd-adj-JkIMO~ub",
"links": [
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"small",
"small"
]
]
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "frith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mrith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated adjective"
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brith"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brith"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of brith."
],
"id": "en-frith-cy-adj-kJgRYgMX",
"links": [
[
"brith",
"brith#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vriːθ/"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frithstool"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frith"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frith",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "friþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþu",
"t": "peace, tranquility, security, refuge"
},
"expansion": "friþu (“peace, tranquility, security, refuge”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*friþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *friþu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz",
"t": "peace, reconciliation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, reconciliation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*priHós",
"t": "beloved, happy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“beloved, happy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vrede",
"t": "peace, quiet, tranquility"
},
"expansion": "Dutch vrede (“peace, quiet, tranquility”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Frieden",
"t": "peace, tranquility"
},
"expansion": "German Frieden (“peace, tranquility”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "frid",
"t": "peace, serenity"
},
"expansion": "Swedish frid (“peace, serenity”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "friður",
"t": "peace, tranquility"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic friður (“peace, tranquility”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "free"
},
"expansion": "free",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frith, from Old English friþ, friþu (“peace, tranquility, security, refuge”), from Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, reconciliation”), from Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“beloved, happy”).\nCognate with Dutch vrede (“peace, quiet, tranquility”), German Frieden (“peace, tranquility”), Swedish frid (“peace, serenity”), Icelandic friður (“peace, tranquility”). Related to free.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "frith (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English poetic terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1973, University of Western Australia Law Review - Volume 11, page 21",
"text": "Thus the king declares that he wants to see his peace or 'frith' extended to his people and that moots are urged to frith all that the king wills to be frithed",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Peace; security."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Peace",
"peace"
],
[
"security",
"security"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, archaic, poetic) Peace; security."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"poetic",
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Sanctuary, asylum."
],
"links": [
[
"Sanctuary",
"sanctuary"
],
[
"asylum",
"asylum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Sanctuary, asylum."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"frith"
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frithen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frithen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "friþian",
"t": "to give frith to, make peace with, be at peace with, cherish, protect, guard, defend, keep, observe"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþian (“to give frith to, make peace with, be at peace with, cherish, protect, guard, defend, keep, observe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþōną",
"t": "to make peace, secure, protect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþōną (“to make peace, secure, protect”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*prēy-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prēy-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*prāy-",
"t": "to like, love"
},
"expansion": "*prāy- (“to like, love”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frethe"
},
"expansion": "Scots frethe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "freith",
"t": "to set free, liberate"
},
"expansion": "freith (“to set free, liberate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "frede",
"t": "to have peace, protect, inclose, fence in"
},
"expansion": "Danish frede (“to have peace, protect, inclose, fence in”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "freda",
"t": "to cover, protect, quiet, inclose, fence in"
},
"expansion": "Swedish freda (“to cover, protect, quiet, inclose, fence in”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "friða",
"t": "to make peace, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic friða (“to make peace, preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frithen, from Old English friþian (“to give frith to, make peace with, be at peace with, cherish, protect, guard, defend, keep, observe”), from Proto-Germanic *friþōną (“to make peace, secure, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *prēy-, *prāy- (“to like, love”).\nCognate with Scots frethe, freith (“to set free, liberate”), Danish frede (“to have peace, protect, inclose, fence in”), Swedish freda (“to cover, protect, quiet, inclose, fence in”), Icelandic friða (“to make peace, preserve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "friths",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frithing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frithed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frithed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frith (third-person singular simple present friths, present participle frithing, simple past and past participle frithed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1868, George Stephens, The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandanavia and England, page 732",
"text": "This monument and the Cairns themselves have been purchast by the State, and are now therefore \"frithed\", protected and national property.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1973, University of Western Australia Law Review - Volume 11, page 21",
"text": "Thus the king declares that he wants to see his peace or 'frith' extended to his people and that moots are urged to 'frith all that the king wills to be frithed",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To protect; guard."
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To protect; guard."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1808, Charles Vancouver, General View of the Agriculture of the County of Devon, page 134",
"text": "On the other of these improvements, the base of the mound was six feet, its height five feet, and breadth at the top nearly the same; this, with the side-drains or ditches on each side, made the whole scite of the fence about 12 feet; cost of raising the mound and frithing, 4s . per perch.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1811, Richard Carew, Thomas Tonkin, Francis Basset Baron Basset of Stratton, Carew's Survey of Cornwall, page 249",
"text": "In the halfe circle enclosed between the flood-gate and the compasse frith, there is digged a round pit, of three foot diameter, and foure foot depth, frithed on the sides, which is continually fedde with the water soaking from the sayd flood-gate, and serueth to keepe any fish aliue, that you haue before taken, and so to saue ouer often drawing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1815, Great Britain. Board of Agriculture, Agricultural Surveys: pts. 1-2. South Wales (1815), page 51",
"text": "During the same period, Mr. Davis has also enclosed open copse-woods of oak, on the south of the Teivy 90 acres, on the north of the teivy, 100 acres: all fenced with a foss and mound, planted on the top with quicks, which are \"frithed\" or guarded on the outside by a hedge of wattled trouse.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To enclose; fence in, as a forest or park."
],
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To enclose; fence in, as a forest or park."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "freath"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *perkʷ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*perkʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frith",
"t": "forest, woodland; hedging"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frith (“forest, woodland; hedging”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fyrhþe"
},
"expansion": "Old English fyrhþe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrhþ",
"t": "forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground"
},
"expansion": "fyrhþ (“forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*furhiþi",
"t": "forest, woodland"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*furhiþją",
"t": "forest, wooded country"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhiþǭ"
},
"expansion": "*furhiþǭ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhu",
"t": "fir; pine"
},
"expansion": "*furhu (“fir; pine”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furahō"
},
"expansion": "*furahō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhō",
"t": "fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest"
},
"expansion": "*furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pérkus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*perkʷ-",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "*perkʷ- (“oak”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quercus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Latin quercus (“oak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrh",
"t": "fir, pine"
},
"expansion": "Old English fyrh (“fir, pine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "forst"
},
"expansion": "Old High German forst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "foreht",
"t": "forest"
},
"expansion": "foreht (“forest”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fýri",
"t": "pine-wood, coniferous forest"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse fýri (“pine-wood, coniferous forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "foresta"
},
"expansion": "Latin foresta",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "forest",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "forest",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frith (“forest, woodland; hedging”), from Old English fyrhþe, fyrhþ (“forest, wooded country; game preserve, hunting ground”), from Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi (“forest, woodland”), Proto-Germanic *furhiþją (“forest, wooded country”), *furhiþǭ, from *furhu (“fir; pine”), from *furahō, *furhō (“fir; pine; (fir or pine) forest”), from Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from *perkʷ- (“oak”). The English word is cognate with Latin quercus (“oak”), Old English fyrh (“fir, pine”), Old High German forst, foreht (“forest”), Old Norse fýri (“pine-wood, coniferous forest”). Latin foresta (whence eventually English forest), may be borrowed from the same West Germanic source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "friths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frith (plural friths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 11 p. 174",
"text": "As over Holt and Heath, as thorough Frith and Fell; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A forest or wood; woodland generally."
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"wood",
"wood#Noun"
],
[
"woodland",
"woodland"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:wood"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Land with mostly undergrowth and few trees; also, land in between forests or woods; pastureland which is not in use."
],
"links": [
[
"Land",
"land#Noun"
],
[
"undergrowth",
"undergrowth"
],
[
"trees",
"tree#Noun"
],
[
"pastureland",
"pastureland"
],
[
"use",
"use#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(British, dialectal) Land with mostly undergrowth and few trees; also, land in between forests or woods; pastureland which is not in use."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Brushwood or undergrowth, sometimes in the form of a hedge."
],
"links": [
[
"Brushwood",
"brushwood"
],
[
"form",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"hedge",
"hedge#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A hedge, especially one made from brushwood which has been wattled; also, a movable frame made from wattled branches, a hurdle."
],
"links": [
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"wattled",
"wattle#Verb"
],
[
"movable",
"movable#Adjective"
],
[
"frame",
"frame#Noun"
],
[
"branches",
"branch#Noun"
],
[
"hurdle",
"hurdle#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of weir made from wattled branches for catching fish."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"weir",
"weir"
],
[
"catching",
"catch#Verb"
],
[
"fish",
"fish#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A kind of weir made from wattled branches for catching fish."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪθ/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "metathetic"
},
"expansion": "metathetic",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "firth"
},
"expansion": "firth",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A metathetic variant of firth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "friths",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frith (plural friths)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "an arm or inlet of the sea",
"word": "firth"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Vol I, ch 1-pt i",
"text": "He [Agricola] had observed, that the island [Britannia; now Great Britain] is almost divided into two unequal parts by the opposite gulfs, or, as they are now called, the Friths of Scotland.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1807, Charlotte Turner Smith, Beachy Head",
"text": "/ The southern hills / That to the setting Sun, their graceful heads / Rearing, o'erlook the frith, where Vecta breaks / With her white rocks, the strong impetuous tide, / When western winds the vast Atlantic urge / To thunder on the coast",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of firth (“an arm or inlet of the sea”)."
],
"links": [
[
"firth",
"firth#English"
],
[
"arm",
"arm#Noun"
],
[
"inlet",
"inlet"
],
[
"sea",
"sea"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Alternative form of firth (“an arm or inlet of the sea”)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:firth"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹɪθ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪθ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frith.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frith.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"enm:Diplomacy",
"enm:Forests",
"enm:Law"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frith"
},
"expansion": "English: frith",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frith"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "friþ"
},
"expansion": "Old English friþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "friþu"
},
"expansion": "friþu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*friþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *friþu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*friþuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *friþuz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English friþ, friþu, from Proto-West Germanic *friþu, from Proto-Germanic *friþuz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "frith (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "frithen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A state of general peace or tranquility."
],
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"peace",
"peace"
],
[
"tranquility",
"tranquility"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:peace"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Traditional or customary law."
],
"links": [
[
"customary",
"customary"
],
[
"law",
"law"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Traditional or customary law."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/friθ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ffryth"
},
{
"word": "firth"
},
{
"word": "freth"
},
{
"word": "freþ"
},
{
"word": "frið"
},
{
"word": "friþ"
},
{
"word": "friþþ"
},
{
"word": "fryth"
},
{
"word": "fryþ"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Diplomacy",
"enm:Forests",
"enm:Law"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frith",
"3": "firth"
},
"expansion": "English: frith, firth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frith, firth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "firth",
"qq": "poetic"
},
"expansion": "Scots: firth (poetic)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: firth (poetic)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "fyrhþe"
},
"expansion": "Old English fyrhþe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "fyrhþ"
},
"expansion": "fyrhþ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*furhiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*furhiþją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furhiþją",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furhiþǭ"
},
"expansion": "*furhiþǭ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English fyrhþe, fyrhþ, from Proto-West Germanic *furhiþi, from Proto-Germanic *furhiþją, *furhiþǭ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frithes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frithes"
},
"expansion": "frith (plural frithes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"royal forest or wood"
],
"links": [
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:forest"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forested wild"
],
"links": [
[
"forested",
"forested"
],
[
"wild",
"wild"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forest clearing"
],
"links": [
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"clearing",
"clearing"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"fenced land"
],
"links": [
[
"fenced",
"fenced"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) fenced land"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"hedging (as a fence)"
],
"links": [
[
"hedging",
"hedging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Late Middle English) hedging (as a fence)"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/friθ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/firθ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/frixt/"
},
{
"ipa": "/friːxt/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "freth"
},
{
"word": "frethe"
},
{
"word": "fritthe"
},
{
"word": "friþ"
},
{
"word": "friþe"
},
{
"word": "fruth"
},
{
"word": "fryght"
},
{
"word": "fryth"
},
{
"word": "ffyrthe"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fred"
},
"expansion": "Danish: fred",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: fred"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "non",
"3": "friðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse friðr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse friðr.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "frith m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Danish",
"lang_code": "gmq-oda",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Danish lemmas",
"Old Danish masculine nouns",
"Old Danish nouns",
"Old Danish terms derived from Old Norse"
],
"glosses": [
"peace"
],
"links": [
[
"peace",
"peace"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "frith-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ri",
"t": "with, against"
},
"expansion": "ri (“with, against”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "fri",
"t": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish fri (“towards”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the preposition ri (“with, against”), from Old Irish fri (“towards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic adjectives",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish"
],
"glosses": [
"little, small"
],
"links": [
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"small",
"small"
]
]
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "frith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "mrith",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated adjective"
},
"expansion": "frith",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brith"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated adjectives",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brith"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of brith."
],
"links": [
[
"brith",
"brith#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vriːθ/"
}
],
"word": "frith"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: brith, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"frith"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "frith",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: mrith, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"frith"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "frith",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"frith"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "frith",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.