See droog on Wiktionary
{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "друг",
"4": "",
"5": "friend"
},
"expansion": "Russian друг (drug, “friend”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian друг (drug, “friend”), in which sense it is used in the invented slang in Anthony Burgess's dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).",
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{
"form": "droogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
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"A violent young gang member or a hooligan."
],
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[
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"3": "droog"
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"expansion": "Dutch droog",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
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"expansion": "Middle Dutch drôge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugiz",
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],
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{
"form": "droë",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "droër",
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"comparative"
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{
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"english": "You must first put on dry clothes before you go outside.",
"text": "Julle moet eers droë klere aantrek, voordat jul na buite gaan.",
"type": "example"
}
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"dry"
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"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
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{
"form": "droog",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drogende",
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"past"
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"to dry"
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"(ergative) to dry"
],
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"ergative"
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"ipa": "/drʊə̯χ/"
}
],
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{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drogen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogbloem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogdok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drooghoppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogjes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogkloot"
},
{
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"word": "droogleggen"
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{
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"word": "droogstempel"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogstoppel"
},
{
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"word": "droogte"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogweg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "droogzwieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gortdroog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "halfdroog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kurkdroog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "strijkdrook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wasdroog"
}
],
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"templates": [
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"args": {
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},
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
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"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: droko",
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],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: droko"
},
{
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"2": "droog",
"3": "drok"
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}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: droog, drok"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skw",
"2": "dróg"
},
"expansion": "Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "droech",
"bor": "1"
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"expansion": "→ West Frisian: droech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: droech"
}
],
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],
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{
"form": "droger",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
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"superlative"
]
},
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"table-tags"
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"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
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},
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},
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"positive",
"singular"
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"form": "droog",
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{
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"comparative",
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"singular"
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"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
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},
{
"form": "droge",
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"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
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},
{
"form": "drogere",
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"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
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},
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"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droge",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "drogere",
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"comparative",
"definite"
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},
{
"form": "droogste",
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"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droogs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "drogers",
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"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
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},
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{
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"english": "The weather is dry, we can play outside.",
"text": "Het weer is droog, we kunnen buiten spelen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The towels are not dry yet.",
"text": "De handdoeken zijn nog niet droog.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This is the driest summer I can remember.",
"text": "Dit is de droogste zomer die ik me kan herinneren.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"dry (not wet)"
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}
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"examples": [
{
"english": "The Sahara is an arid region.",
"text": "De Sahara is een droog gebied.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In arider climates, one must be more conservative with water.",
"text": "In drogere klimaten moet men zuiniger met water zijn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The most arid places on Earth receive almost no rain.",
"text": "De droogste plaatsen op aarde ontvangen bijna geen regen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"arid (getting little precipitation)"
],
"id": "en-droog-nl-adj-4ZeyBRrV",
"links": [
[
"arid",
"arid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dry, dull, uninspired"
],
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[
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"dull"
],
[
"uninspired",
"uninspired"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "zoet"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dry-tasting, not sweet"
],
"id": "en-droog-nl-adj-54GQH4Zz"
},
{
"glosses": [
"having a lot of muscle with a low amount of fat, having gone on a cut"
],
"id": "en-droog-nl-adj-Qm2fR5lt",
"links": [
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/droːx/"
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[
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[
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"drogen#Dutch"
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"in case of inversion"
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{
"categories": [
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"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Afrikaans verbs",
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{
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"name": "inh"
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugiz"
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"name": "inh"
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],
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"form": "droë",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "droër",
"tags": [
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},
{
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"tags": [
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]
}
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],
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"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "adj",
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],
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{
"english": "You must first put on dry clothes before you go outside.",
"text": "Julle moet eers droë klere aantrek, voordat jul na buite gaan.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dry"
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"arid"
],
"links": [
[
"arid",
"arid"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drʊə̯χ/"
}
],
"word": "droog"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afdroog"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "drogen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drogen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "drôgen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch drôgen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch drogen, from Middle Dutch drôgen, from etymology 1.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droog",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drogende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedroog",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drogende",
"2": "gedroog"
},
"expansion": "droog (present droog, present participle drogende, past participle gedroog)",
"name": "af-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans ergative verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to dry"
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ergative) to dry"
],
"tags": [
"ergative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drʊə̯χ/"
}
],
"word": "droog"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːx",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːx/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "droge"
},
{
"word": "drogen"
},
{
"word": "droogbloem"
},
{
"word": "droogdok"
},
{
"word": "drooghoppen"
},
{
"word": "droogjes"
},
{
"word": "droogkloot"
},
{
"word": "droogleggen"
},
{
"word": "droogstempel"
},
{
"word": "droogstoppel"
},
{
"word": "droogte"
},
{
"word": "droogweg"
},
{
"word": "droogzwieren"
},
{
"word": "gortdroog"
},
{
"word": "halfdroog"
},
{
"word": "kurkdroog"
},
{
"word": "strijkdrook"
},
{
"word": "wasdroog"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "droog"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: droog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: droog"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "droko"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: droko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: droko"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "droog",
"3": "drok"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: droog, drok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: droog, drok"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skw",
"2": "dróg"
},
"expansion": "Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "droech",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: droech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: droech"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "drôge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch drôge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*drōgi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *drōgi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*draugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *draugi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*draugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *draugiz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch drôge, from Old Dutch *drōgi, from Proto-West Germanic *draugi, from Proto-Germanic *draugiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droger",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "droogst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droog",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "droger",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het droogst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het droogste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drogere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droogste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droog",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droger",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droogste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "drogere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droogste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "drogere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "droogste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "droogs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "drogers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "droger"
},
"expansion": "droog (comparative droger, superlative droogst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"droog"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "droge"
},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nat"
},
{
"word": "vochtig"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The weather is dry, we can play outside.",
"text": "Het weer is droog, we kunnen buiten spelen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The towels are not dry yet.",
"text": "De handdoeken zijn nog niet droog.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This is the driest summer I can remember.",
"text": "Dit is de droogste zomer die ik me kan herinneren.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dry (not wet)"
],
"links": [
[
"dry",
"dry"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nat"
},
{
"word": "vochtig"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The Sahara is an arid region.",
"text": "De Sahara is een droog gebied.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "In arider climates, one must be more conservative with water.",
"text": "In drogere klimaten moet men zuiniger met water zijn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The most arid places on Earth receive almost no rain.",
"text": "De droogste plaatsen op aarde ontvangen bijna geen regen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"arid (getting little precipitation)"
],
"links": [
[
"arid",
"arid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dry, dull, uninspired"
],
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull"
],
[
"uninspired",
"uninspired"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "zoet"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dry-tasting, not sweet"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"having a lot of muscle with a low amount of fat, having gone on a cut"
],
"links": [
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/droːx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-droog.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Nl-droog.ogg/Nl-droog.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nl-droog.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːx"
}
],
"word": "droog"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːx",
"Rhymes:Dutch/oːx/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "droog",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"droog"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drogen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of drogen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"drogen",
"drogen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drogen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of drogen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"drogen",
"drogen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of drogen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "drogen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of drogen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"drogen",
"drogen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/droːx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-droog.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d2/Nl-droog.ogg/Nl-droog.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Nl-droog.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oːx"
}
],
"word": "droog"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "droogish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "serve"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "друг",
"4": "",
"5": "friend"
},
"expansion": "Russian друг (drug, “friend”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian друг (drug, “friend”), in which sense it is used in the invented slang in Anthony Burgess's dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "droog (plural droogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (serve)",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"A violent young gang member or a hooligan."
],
"links": [
[
"gang",
"gang"
],
[
"hooligan",
"hooligan"
]
]
}
],
"word": "droog"
}
Download raw JSONL data for droog meaning in All languages combined (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.