See droch on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "troc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German troc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "goh",
"3": "trog"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trog",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*trog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *trog",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*trugaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trugaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trog"
},
"expansion": "German Trog",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch trog",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trough"
},
"expansion": "English trough",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "trug"
},
"expansion": "Danish trug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tråg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tråg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German troc, from Old High German trog, from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugaz.\nAkin to German Trog, Dutch trog, English trough, Danish trug, Swedish tråg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droc",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "droc",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "droch m (plural droc)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "droc"
},
"expansion": "droch m (plural droc)",
"name": "lld-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To drink from the trough.",
"text": "Bever pra droch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "drinking trough for the cattle",
"text": "droch dal bestiam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fountain, trough (narrow container for animals (and people) to drink from)"
],
"id": "en-droch-lld-noun-0dvR3p~2",
"links": [
[
"fountain",
"fountain"
],
[
"trough",
"trough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Gherdëina, Badiot) fountain, trough (narrow container for animals (and people) to drink from)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festil"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fascian"
],
"word": "brenz"
}
],
"tags": [
"Badiot",
"Gherdëina",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "droch-",
"3": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Irish: droch-, droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: droch-, droch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "drogh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: drogh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: drogh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: droch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drwg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh drwg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Welsh drwg).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil men, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.",
"text": "Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n-anduch, air is fechtnach a n-andach mani erthroítar húa Día.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.",
"text": "Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, evil"
],
"id": "en-droch-sga-adj-7cHqcESm",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drokos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drokos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰregʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τρέχω",
"3": "",
"4": "I run"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "troc'h",
"3": "",
"4": "cut"
},
"expansion": "Breton troc'h (“cut”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drokos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”), τροχός (trokhós, “wheel, grindstone”), Breton troc'h (“cut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndroch",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive unattested",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "?"
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*droich"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "droch+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "drochu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "droch+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "drochaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "drochaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "droch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "droch",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "droch+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "*droich+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "droch+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "*droich+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "droch",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "droch+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "drochu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "*droich",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
],
"word": "drochet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wheel"
],
"id": "en-droch-sga-noun-ulmSYVnS",
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roth"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circlet"
],
"id": "en-droch-sga-noun-RCHrSGqZ",
"links": [
[
"circlet",
"circlet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "droch",
"4": "",
"5": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish droch (“bad”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish droch (“bad”), from Proto-Celtic *drukos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "miosa",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gd-decl-adj-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "comparative",
"12": "miosa",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "qualitative noun",
"18": "miosad",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s|m",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s|f",
"f3accel-form": "gen|s|f",
"f4accel-form": "p",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "comparative",
"f7accel-form": "comparative",
"f8accel-form": "qualitative",
"f9accel-form": "qualitative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "droch (comparative miosa, qualitative noun miosad)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "miosa",
"qual": "miosad"
},
"expansion": "droch (comparative miosa, qualitative noun miosad)",
"name": "gd-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dr",
"2": "och"
},
"name": "gd-decl-adj-3"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "droch",
"10": "drocha",
"11": "drocha",
"12": "drocha",
"2": "dhroch",
"3": "droch",
"4": "dhroch",
"5": "dhroch",
"6": "drocha",
"7": "dhroch",
"8": "dhroch",
"9": "drocha",
"type": "type III adjective"
},
"name": "gd-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "brat",
"word": "droch isean"
},
{
"english": "evil eye",
"word": "droch shùil"
},
{
"english": "vice, sin",
"word": "droch-bheart"
},
{
"english": "impudence",
"word": "droch-bheul"
},
{
"english": "infamous",
"word": "droch-chliùiteach"
},
{
"english": "curse",
"word": "droch-fhacal"
},
{
"english": "misbehaviour",
"word": "droch-ghiùlan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"id": "en-droch-gd-adj-LwXUtonS",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dona"
},
{
"word": "olc"
}
]
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "troch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhroch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "throch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated adjective"
},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "troch"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "troch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of troch."
],
"id": "en-droch-cy-adj-K3MDDoeI",
"links": [
[
"troch",
"troch#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/droːχ/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "troc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German troc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "goh",
"3": "trog"
},
"expansion": "Old High German trog",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*trog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *trog",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*trugaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trugaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trog"
},
"expansion": "German Trog",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "trog"
},
"expansion": "Dutch trog",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "trough"
},
"expansion": "English trough",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "trug"
},
"expansion": "Danish trug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tråg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tråg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German troc, from Old High German trog, from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugaz.\nAkin to German Trog, Dutch trog, English trough, Danish trug, Swedish tråg.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "droc",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "droc",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "droch m (plural droc)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "droc"
},
"expansion": "droch m (plural droc)",
"name": "lld-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladin lemmas",
"Ladin masculine nouns",
"Ladin nouns",
"Ladin terms derived from Middle High German",
"Ladin terms derived from Old High German",
"Ladin terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Ladin terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Ladin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "To drink from the trough.",
"text": "Bever pra droch.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "drinking trough for the cattle",
"text": "droch dal bestiam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fountain, trough (narrow container for animals (and people) to drink from)"
],
"links": [
[
"fountain",
"fountain"
],
[
"trough",
"trough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Gherdëina, Badiot) fountain, trough (narrow container for animals (and people) to drink from)"
],
"tags": [
"Badiot",
"Gherdëina",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "festil"
},
{
"tags": [
"Fascian"
],
"word": "brenz"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "droch-",
"3": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Irish: droch-, droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: droch-, droch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "drogh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: drogh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: drogh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: droch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drwg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh drwg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Welsh drwg).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil men, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.",
"text": "Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n-anduch, air is fechtnach a n-andach mani erthroítar húa Día.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.",
"text": "Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, evil"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drokos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drokos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰregʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τρέχω",
"3": "",
"4": "I run"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "troc'h",
"3": "",
"4": "cut"
},
"expansion": "Breton troc'h (“cut”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drokos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”), τροχός (trokhós, “wheel, grindstone”), Breton troc'h (“cut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndroch",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive unattested",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "?"
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*droich"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "droch+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "drochu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "droch+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "drochaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "drochaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "droch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "droch",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "droch+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "*droich+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "droch+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "*droich+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "droch",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "droch+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "drochu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "*droich",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
],
"word": "drochet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wheel"
],
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roth"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circlet"
],
"links": [
[
"circlet",
"circlet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "brat",
"word": "droch isean"
},
{
"english": "evil eye",
"word": "droch shùil"
},
{
"english": "vice, sin",
"word": "droch-bheart"
},
{
"english": "impudence",
"word": "droch-bheul"
},
{
"english": "infamous",
"word": "droch-chliùiteach"
},
{
"english": "curse",
"word": "droch-fhacal"
},
{
"english": "misbehaviour",
"word": "droch-ghiùlan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "droch",
"4": "",
"5": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish droch (“bad”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish droch (“bad”), from Proto-Celtic *drukos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "miosa",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gd-decl-adj-3",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dhroch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drocha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "comparative",
"12": "miosa",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "qualitative noun",
"18": "miosad",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "gen|s|m",
"f2accel-form": "gen|s|f",
"f3accel-form": "gen|s|f",
"f4accel-form": "p",
"f5accel-form": "comparative",
"f6accel-form": "comparative",
"f7accel-form": "comparative",
"f8accel-form": "qualitative",
"f9accel-form": "qualitative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "droch (comparative miosa, qualitative noun miosad)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"comp": "miosa",
"qual": "miosad"
},
"expansion": "droch (comparative miosa, qualitative noun miosad)",
"name": "gd-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dr",
"2": "och"
},
"name": "gd-decl-adj-3"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "droch",
"10": "drocha",
"11": "drocha",
"12": "drocha",
"2": "dhroch",
"3": "droch",
"4": "dhroch",
"5": "dhroch",
"6": "drocha",
"7": "dhroch",
"8": "dhroch",
"9": "drocha",
"type": "type III adjective"
},
"name": "gd-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic adjectives",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic links with redundant wikilinks",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dona"
},
{
"word": "olc"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "troch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhroch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "throch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated adjective"
},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "troch"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated adjectives",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "troch"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of troch."
],
"links": [
[
"troch",
"troch#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/droːχ/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for droch meaning in All languages combined (13.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: droch/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ndroch",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: qualitative noun miosad",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: droch/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: droch/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: droch/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.