See droch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "droch-",
"3": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Irish: droch-, droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: droch-, droch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "drogh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: drogh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: drogh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: droch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drwg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh drwg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Welsh drwg).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil men, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.",
"text": "Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n-anduch, air is fechtnach a n-andach mani erthroítar húa Día.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.",
"text": "Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, evil"
],
"id": "en-droch-sga-adj-7cHqcESm",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drokos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drokos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰregʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τρέχω",
"3": "",
"4": "I run"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "troc'h",
"3": "",
"4": "cut"
},
"expansion": "Breton troc'h (“cut”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drokos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”), τροχός (trokhós, “wheel, grindstone”), Breton troc'h (“cut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndroch",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive unattested",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "?"
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*droich"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "droch+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "drochu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "droch+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "drochaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "drochaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "droch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "droch",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "droch+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "*droich+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "droch+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "*droich+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "droch",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "droch+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "drochu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "*droich",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
],
"word": "drochet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wheel"
],
"id": "en-droch-sga-noun-ulmSYVnS",
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roth"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circlet"
],
"id": "en-droch-sga-noun-RCHrSGqZ",
"links": [
[
"circlet",
"circlet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjectives",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "droch-",
"3": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Irish: droch-, droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: droch-, droch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "drogh"
},
"expansion": "Manx: drogh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: drogh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "droch"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: droch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: droch"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drukos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drukos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drwg"
},
"expansion": "Welsh drwg",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drukos (compare Welsh drwg).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "droch",
"name": "sga-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil men, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.",
"text": "Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n-anduch, air is fechtnach a n-andach mani erthroítar húa Día.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "New parchment, bad ink! Oh, I say nothing more.",
"text": "Memmbrum naue, droch dub! Ó, ní epur na haill.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, evil"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*drokos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *drokos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰregʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τρέχω",
"3": "",
"4": "I run"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "troc'h",
"3": "",
"4": "cut"
},
"expansion": "Breton troc'h (“cut”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *drokos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “I run”), τροχός (trokhós, “wheel, grindstone”), Breton troc'h (“cut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droich",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drochaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "droch",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndroch",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive unattested",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "?"
},
"expansion": "droch m (genitive unattested)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "*droich"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "droch+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "drochu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "droch+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "drochaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "drochaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "droch+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "droch",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "droch+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "*droich+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "droch+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "*droich+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "droch",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "droch+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "drochu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "*droich",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
],
"word": "drochet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wheel"
],
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "roth"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circlet"
],
"links": [
[
"circlet",
"circlet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/drox/"
}
],
"word": "droch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for droch meaning in Old Irish (6.5kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: droch/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ndroch",
"path": [
"droch"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "droch",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.