"roth" meaning in Old Irish

See roth in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈroθ/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os (compare Latin rota (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”) and Old High German rad (“wheel”)). Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*Hreth₂-}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*rotos||wheel, chariot}} Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), {{inh|sga|ine-pro|*Hróth₂os}} Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os, {{cog|la|rota||wheel}} Latin rota (“wheel”), {{cog|sa|रथ||chariot|tr=rátha}} Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”), {{cog|goh|rad||wheel}} Old High German rad (“wheel”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} roth m, {{sga-noun|m}} roth m Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|roith|dat_sg=routh|dat_sg2=roth+L}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=roth+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=rothu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=roth+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=rothaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=rothaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=routh+L|dat_sg2=roth+L|dat_sg3=|gen_du=roth|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=roth+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=roith+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=roth+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=roith+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=roth|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=roth+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=rothu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=roith|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], roth [nominative, singular], roth [dual, nominative], roith [nominative, plural], roith [singular, vocative], roth [dual, vocative], rothu [plural, vocative], roth [accusative, singular], roth [accusative, dual], rothu [accusative, plural], roith [genitive, singular], roth [dual, genitive], roth [genitive, plural], routh [dative, singular], roth [dative, singular], rothaib [dative, dual], rothaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], roth [error-unrecognized-form], also rroth in h-prothesis environments [error-unrecognized-form], also rroth [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. wheel Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-roth-sga-noun-ulmSYVnS Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 33
  2. disc Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-roth-sga-noun-a~mXmdDv Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 33
  3. sphere Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-roth-sga-noun-D1i3i8VO Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 33 33 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: droch 
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "roth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "roth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hreth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*rotos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wheel, chariot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hróth₂os"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rota",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wheel"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rota (“wheel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रथ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chariot",
        "tr": "rátha"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rad",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wheel"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rad (“wheel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os (compare Latin rota (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”) and Old High German rad (“wheel”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc\n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "routh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rroth in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rroth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "roth m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "roth m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roith",
        "dat_sg": "routh",
        "dat_sg2": "roth+L"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "roth+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "rothu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "roth+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "rothaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "rothaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "routh+L",
        "dat_sg2": "roth+L",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "roth",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "roth+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "roith+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "roth+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "roith+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "roth",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "roth+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "rothu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "roith",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wheel"
      ],
      "id": "en-roth-sga-noun-ulmSYVnS",
      "links": [
        [
          "wheel",
          "wheel"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "disc"
      ],
      "id": "en-roth-sga-noun-a~mXmdDv",
      "links": [
        [
          "disc",
          "disc"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sphere"
      ],
      "id": "en-roth-sga-noun-D1i3i8VO",
      "links": [
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈroθ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "droch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "roth"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hreth₂-",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "gd-noun 2"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "roth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "roth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hreth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*rotos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wheel, chariot"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hróth₂os"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rota",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wheel"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rota (“wheel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "रथ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "chariot",
        "tr": "rátha"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "rad",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wheel"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German rad (“wheel”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *rotos (“wheel, chariot”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hróth₂os (compare Latin rota (“wheel”), Sanskrit रथ (rátha, “chariot”) and Old High German rad (“wheel”)).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc\n",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "routh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rothaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "roth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rroth in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rroth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "roth m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "roth m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "roith",
        "dat_sg": "routh",
        "dat_sg2": "roth+L"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "roth+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "rothu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "roth+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "rothaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "rothaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "routh+L",
        "dat_sg2": "roth+L",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "roth",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "roth+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "roith+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "roth+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "roith+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "roth",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "roth+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "rothu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "roith",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wheel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wheel",
          "wheel"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "disc"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disc",
          "disc"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sphere"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈroθ/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "droch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "roth"
}

Download raw JSONL data for roth meaning in Old Irish (5.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: roth/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "roth"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "roth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "roth"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "roth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "roth"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "roth",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.