See dráwgah on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dráwgah meaning in All languages combined (26.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "["
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "s"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "c"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "p"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "t"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "δ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "γ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "h"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ɣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ݍ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ܮ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ܡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ž"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "γ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "l"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "durwand",
"sense": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬛 (daruand), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬬𐬀𐬥𐬛 (darvand)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "دروند"
},
{
"_dis1": "35 33 33",
"roman": "draojina",
"sense": "*dráwgah-ĵanah (“lier”)",
"word": "𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬌𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"roman": "družan",
"sense": "Parthian: [script needed] (*drwgcn /drō(γ)žan/)",
"word": "→ Old Armenian: դրուժան"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"roman": "durōγzan",
"sense": "Parthian: [script needed] (*drwgcn /drō(γ)žan/)",
"word": "→ Classical Persian: دروغزن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "'"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "liar",
"roman": "durōzan",
"sense": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬥 (družan)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "دروزن"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"alt": "drwzn /durōzan/",
"sense": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎩𐎴 (d-r-u-j-n /draujana/); Judeo-Persian",
"word": "דרוזנ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀 (druga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀 (druga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (draoγa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (draoγa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "",
"t": "falsehood",
"tr": "drrūja"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (drrūja, “falsehood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (drrūja, “falsehood”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sodgo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "λρωγο",
"3": "δδρωγο",
"ts": "lrōg",
"ts2": "δrōg"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: λρωγο (lrōgo /lrōg/), δδρωγο (ddrōgo /δrōg/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: λρωγο (lrōgo /lrōg/), δδρωγο (ddrōgo /δrōg/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "دروگ",
"tr": "dirúg"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: دروگ (dirúg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: دروگ (dirúg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "derew"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: derew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: derew"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "درۆ",
"tr": "diro, dro"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: درۆ (diro, dro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: درۆ (diro, dro)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "دروو",
"tr": "dirû, drû"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دروو (dirû, drû)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: دروو (dirû, drû)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "دروو",
"tr": "dirû, drû"
},
"expansion": "Laki: دروو (dirû, drû)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: دروو (dirû, drû)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "",
"tr": "duroɣ"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: [script needed] (duroɣ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "May be from Classic Persian"
},
"expansion": "(May be from Classic Persian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: [script needed] (duroɣ) (May be from Classic Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "درو",
"tr": "durō ~ dirō"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: درو (durō ~ dirō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mazanderani: درو (durō ~ dirō)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "دورو",
"tr": "durō"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: دورو (durō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: دورو (durō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*drauga"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *drauga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *drauga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "-",
"ts": "dorū"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: (/dorū/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: (/dorū/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "درو",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: درو",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: درو"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "doru",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: doru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: doru"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "drōγ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/drōγ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/drōγ/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃 (drwg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃 (drwg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "درۋێ",
"tr": "dirʋē"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: درۋێ (dirʋē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: درۋێ (dirʋē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥",
"ts": "drauga"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (d-r-u-g /drauga/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (d-r-u-g /drauga/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "drō(g)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/drō(g)/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/drō(g)/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇 (drw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇 (drw)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "KDBA"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KDBA)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "dlwb'"
},
"expansion": "[Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwb')",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KDBA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwb')"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬔",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬔 (darōg)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬋𐬔"
},
"expansion": "𐬛𐬭𐬋𐬔 (drōg)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬔 (darōg), 𐬛𐬭𐬋𐬔 (drōg)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dʰráwgʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos",
"t": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos (“deception”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos (“deception”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ira-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgānh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgāyš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgāt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgāy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgahya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgayāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgānam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgayaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgayšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*dráwgah n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dráwg"
},
"name": "ira-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_du": "*dráwgaybyaH",
"abl_pl": "*dráwgaybyah",
"abl_sg": "*dráwgāt",
"acc_du": "*dráwgā",
"acc_pl": "*dráwgānh",
"acc_sg": "*dráwgam",
"dat_du": "*dráwgaybyaH",
"dat_pl": "*dráwgaybyah",
"dat_sg": "*dráwgāy",
"gen_du": "*dráwgayāh",
"gen_pl": "*dráwgānam",
"gen_sg": "*dráwgahya",
"ins_du": "*dráwgaybyaH",
"ins_pl": "*dráwgāyš",
"ins_sg": "*dráwgā",
"loc_du": "*dráwgayaw",
"loc_pl": "*dráwgayšu",
"loc_sg": "*dráwgay",
"nom_du": "*dráwgā",
"nom_pl": "*dráwgā",
"nom_sg": "*dráwgah",
"type": "masculine a-stem",
"voc_du": "*dráwgā",
"voc_pl": "*dráwgā",
"voc_sg": "*dráwga"
},
"name": "ira-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dráwgah",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "46 27 27",
"roman": "druuaṇt",
"sense": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt, “follower of the Lie”) (Cf. Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan)); Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lie, deception"
],
"id": "en-dráwgah-ira-pro-noun-Px-hnarL",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"untruth"
],
"id": "en-dráwgah-ira-pro-noun-XQmucmC-",
"links": [
[
"untruth",
"untruth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 36 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "30 22 48",
"alt": "drōgomigo /drōgumīg/",
"sense": "*dráwgah-māihikah (“false, lying”)",
"word": "δρωγομιγο"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 25 71",
"alt": "> *dráwgwánt > *drágwád > *darγáδ",
"english": "false",
"roman": "darγál",
"sense": "*dráwgah-wánts (“follower of falsehood”)",
"word": "درغل"
}
],
"glosses": [
"falsehood"
],
"id": "en-dráwgah-ira-pro-noun-yMjhxJWf",
"links": [
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dráwgah"
}
{
"categories": [
"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Middle Persian term requests",
"Middle Persian terms with redundant script codes",
"Proto-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Iranian masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Requests for Book Pahlavi script for Middle Persian terms",
"Requests for native script for Gilaki terms",
"Requests for native script for Khotanese terms",
"Southern Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "["
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "s"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "c"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "r"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "i"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "p"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "t"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "n"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "e"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "d"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "]"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "δ"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "γ"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "m"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "h"
},
{
"qualifier": "Sogdian script",
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/); Sogdian script",
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫋"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫄"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫖"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫀"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ɣ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ݍ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ܮ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ܡ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ܐ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ž"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "γ"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"sense": "Sogdian: [Term?] (/δrāγmā, žaγmā, žəγmā/)",
"tags": [
"Syriac",
"character"
],
"word": "ʾ"
},
{
"alt": "drōgomigo /drōgumīg/",
"sense": "*dráwgah-māihikah (“false, lying”)",
"word": "δρωγομιγο"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫅"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫡"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫇"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫃"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫖"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫏"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"sense": "Parthian: (/drōγmīg/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"roman": "druuaṇt",
"sense": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬆𐬔𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (drəguuaṇt, “follower of the Lie”) (Cf. Sanskrit द्रुह्वन् (druhvan)); Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙"
},
{
"alt": "> *dráwgwánt > *drágwád > *darγáδ",
"english": "false",
"roman": "darγál",
"sense": "*dráwgah-wánts (“follower of falsehood”)",
"word": "درغل"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫅"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫡"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫇"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭣"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭫"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭥"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭭"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "𐭩"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "l"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/druwand/)",
"word": "y"
},
{
"roman": "durwand",
"sense": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬎𐬀𐬥𐬛 (daruand), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬬𐬀𐬥𐬛 (darvand)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "دروند"
},
{
"roman": "draojina",
"sense": "*dráwgah-ĵanah (“lier”)",
"word": "𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬌𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"roman": "družan",
"sense": "Parthian: [script needed] (*drwgcn /drō(γ)žan/)",
"word": "→ Old Armenian: դրուժան"
},
{
"roman": "durōγzan",
"sense": "Parthian: [script needed] (*drwgcn /drō(γ)žan/)",
"word": "→ Classical Persian: دروغزن"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫅"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫡"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫇"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫉"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "𐫗"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Manichaean",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "["
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "]"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Persian: (/drōzan/)",
"tags": [
"Book-Pahlavi",
"character"
],
"word": "'"
},
{
"english": "liar",
"roman": "durōzan",
"sense": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬀𐬥 (družan)",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
],
"word": "دروزن"
},
{
"alt": "drwzn /durōzan/",
"sense": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎩𐎴 (d-r-u-j-n /draujana/); Judeo-Persian",
"word": "דרוזנ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀 (druga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬔𐬀 (druga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (draoγa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬖𐬀 (draoγa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "",
"t": "falsehood",
"tr": "drrūja"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (drrūja, “falsehood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (drrūja, “falsehood”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sodgo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "λρωγο",
"3": "δδρωγο",
"ts": "lrōg",
"ts2": "δrōg"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: λρωγο (lrōgo /lrōg/), δδρωγο (ddrōgo /δrōg/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: λρωγο (lrōgo /lrōg/), δδρωγο (ddrōgo /δrōg/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "دروگ",
"tr": "dirúg"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: دروگ (dirúg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: دروگ (dirúg)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "derew"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: derew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: derew"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "درۆ",
"tr": "diro, dro"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: درۆ (diro, dro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: درۆ (diro, dro)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "دروو",
"tr": "dirû, drû"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دروو (dirû, drû)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: دروو (dirû, drû)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "دروو",
"tr": "dirû, drû"
},
"expansion": "Laki: دروو (dirû, drû)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: دروو (dirû, drû)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "",
"tr": "duroɣ"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: [script needed] (duroɣ)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "May be from Classic Persian"
},
"expansion": "(May be from Classic Persian)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: [script needed] (duroɣ) (May be from Classic Persian)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "درو",
"tr": "durō ~ dirō"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: درو (durō ~ dirō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Mazanderani: درو (durō ~ dirō)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mzn",
"2": "دورو",
"tr": "durō"
},
"expansion": "Mazanderani: دورو (durō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mazanderani: دورو (durō)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*drauga"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *drauga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *drauga"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "-",
"ts": "dorū"
},
"expansion": "Talysh: (/dorū/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Talysh: (/dorū/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "درو",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: درو",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: درو"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tly",
"2": "doru",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: doru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: doru"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"ts": "drōγ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/drōγ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/drōγ/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃 (drwg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫃 (drwg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "درۋێ",
"tr": "dirʋē"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: درۋێ (dirʋē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: درۋێ (dirʋē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥",
"ts": "drauga"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (d-r-u-g /drauga/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥 (d-r-u-g /drauga/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "drō(g)"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/drō(g)/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/drō(g)/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇 (drw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇 (drw)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "KDBA"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KDBA)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"tr": "dlwb'"
},
"expansion": "[Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwb')",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KDBA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwb')"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬔",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬔 (darōg)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬋𐬔"
},
"expansion": "𐬛𐬭𐬋𐬔 (drōg)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬔 (darōg), 𐬛𐬭𐬋𐬔 (drōg)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dʰráwgʰas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrówgʰos",
"t": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos (“deception”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰráwgʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrówgʰos (“deception”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ira-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgānh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgāyš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgāt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgāy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgaybyah",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgahya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgayāh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgānam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgayaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dráwgayšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*dráwgah n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dráwg"
},
"name": "ira-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_du": "*dráwgaybyaH",
"abl_pl": "*dráwgaybyah",
"abl_sg": "*dráwgāt",
"acc_du": "*dráwgā",
"acc_pl": "*dráwgānh",
"acc_sg": "*dráwgam",
"dat_du": "*dráwgaybyaH",
"dat_pl": "*dráwgaybyah",
"dat_sg": "*dráwgāy",
"gen_du": "*dráwgayāh",
"gen_pl": "*dráwgānam",
"gen_sg": "*dráwgahya",
"ins_du": "*dráwgaybyaH",
"ins_pl": "*dráwgāyš",
"ins_sg": "*dráwgā",
"loc_du": "*dráwgayaw",
"loc_pl": "*dráwgayšu",
"loc_sg": "*dráwgay",
"nom_du": "*dráwgā",
"nom_pl": "*dráwgā",
"nom_sg": "*dráwgah",
"type": "masculine a-stem",
"voc_du": "*dráwgā",
"voc_pl": "*dráwgā",
"voc_sg": "*dráwga"
},
"name": "ira-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dráwgah",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lie, deception"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"untruth"
],
"links": [
[
"untruth",
"untruth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"falsehood"
],
"links": [
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dráwgah"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.