"discourage" meaning in All languages combined

See discourage on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/ [Received-Pronunciation], /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-discourage.ogg [US]
Etymology: From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage. Etymology templates: {{der|en|frm|descourager}} Middle French descourager, {{m|fr|décourager}} décourager, {{der|en|fro|descouragier}} Old French descouragier, {{m|fro|des-}} des-, {{m|fro|corage}} corage, {{surf|en|dis-|courage}} By surface analysis, dis- + courage Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} discourage (uncountable)
  1. (rare) Lack of courage Tags: rare, uncountable Synonyms (lack of courage): cowardliness
    Sense id: en-discourage-en-noun-C5KC6~MP

Verb [English]

IPA: /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/ [Received-Pronunciation], /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-discourage.ogg [US] Forms: discourages [present, singular, third-person], discouraging [participle, present], discouraged [participle, past], discouraged [past]
Etymology: From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage. Etymology templates: {{der|en|frm|descourager}} Middle French descourager, {{m|fr|décourager}} décourager, {{der|en|fro|descouragier}} Old French descouragier, {{m|fro|des-}} des-, {{m|fro|corage}} corage, {{surf|en|dis-|courage}} By surface analysis, dis- + courage Head templates: {{en-verb}} discourage (third-person singular simple present discourages, present participle discouraging, simple past and past participle discouraged)
  1. (transitive) To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject. Tags: transitive Translations (to dishearten): адгаво́рваць (adhavórvacʹ) (english: dissuade) [imperfective] (Belarusian), обезсърчавам (obezsǎrčavam) (Bulgarian), обезкура́жавам (obezkurážavam) (Bulgarian), desanimar (Catalan), desalenar (Catalan), 令人愁悶 (Chinese Mandarin), 令人愁闷 (lìng rén chóumèn) (Chinese Mandarin), 使沮喪 (Chinese Mandarin), 使沮丧 (shǐ jǔsàng) (Chinese Mandarin), zastrašit (Czech), vzít odvahu (Czech), ontmoedigen (Dutch), lannistaa (Finnish), nujertaa (Finnish), décourager (French), desalentar (Galician), desanimar (Galician), გულს უცრუებს (guls ucruebs) (Georgian), ხალისს აკარგვინებს (xaliss aḳargvinebs) (Georgian), entmutigen (German), abschrecken (German), αποκαρδιώνω (apokardióno) (Greek), αποθαρρύνω (apotharrýno) (Greek), elbátortalanít (Hungarian), 落胆させる (rakutan saseru) (alt: らくたん させる) (Japanese), がっかりさせる (gakkari saseru) (Japanese), dehortor (Latin), обесхрабрува (obeshrabruva) (Macedonian), whakapāhunu (Maori), mistyhtan (Old English), desencorajar (Portuguese), desanimar (Portuguese), desalentar (Portuguese), descuraja (Romanian), обескура́живать (obeskuráživatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), обескура́жить (obeskurážitʹ) [perfective] (Russian), расхола́живать (rasxoláživatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), расхолоди́ть (rasxolodítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), отбива́ть охо́ту (otbivátʹ oxótu) [imperfective] (Russian), отгова́ривать (otgovárivatʹ) (english: dissuade) [imperfective] (Russian), descorazonar (Spanish), acobardar (Spanish), avskräcka (Swedish), నిరుత్సాహపరుచు (nirutsāhaparucu) (Telugu), şevkini kırmak (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-discourage-en-verb-TjqY4uEO Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with dis- Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 10 83 8 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with dis-: 30 47 24 Disambiguation of 'to dishearten': 99 1
  2. (transitive) To persuade somebody not to do (something). Tags: transitive Translations (to persuade somebody not to do something): разубежда́вам (razubeždávam) (Bulgarian), dissuadir (Catalan), odradit (Czech), ontraden (Dutch), afraden om (Dutch), ehkäistä (Finnish), ehkäistä ennalta (Finnish), dissuader (French), desalentar (Galician), გადათქმევინება (gadatkmevineba) (Georgian), გადაათქმევინებს (gadaatkmevinebs) (Georgian), ხელის აღებინება (xelis aɣebineba) (Georgian), ხელს აღებინებს (xels aɣebinebs) (Georgian), abraten (German), abraten von (German), abbringen von (German), αποθαρρύνω (apotharrýno) (Greek), scoraggiare (Italian), 思い止まらせる (omoitodomaraseru) (alt: おもいとどまらせる) (Japanese), 抑止する (yokushi suru) (alt: よくし する) (Japanese), одвраќа (odvraḱa) (Macedonian), å ikke anbefale (Norwegian), zniechęcać [imperfective] (Polish), zniechęcić [perfective] (Polish), despersuadir (Portuguese), dissuadir (Portuguese), desencorajar (Portuguese), разубежда́ть (razubeždátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), разубеди́ть (razubedítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), отгова́ривать (otgovárivatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), отговори́ть (otgovorítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), desalentar (Spanish), persuadir (Spanish), disuadir (Spanish), నిరుత్సాహపరుచు (nirutsāhaparucu) (Telugu), vazgeçirmek (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-discourage-en-verb-l5fVZulf Disambiguation of 'to persuade somebody not to do something': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: deter, dissuade

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for discourage meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "encourage"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "descourager"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French descourager",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "décourager"
      },
      "expansion": "décourager",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "descouragier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French descouragier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "des-"
      },
      "expansion": "des-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "corage"
      },
      "expansion": "corage",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis-",
        "3": "courage"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, dis- + courage",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "discourages",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "discouraging",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "discouraged",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "discouraged",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "discourage (third-person singular simple present discourages, present participle discouraging, simple past and past participle discouraged)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "dis‧cour‧age"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 83 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 47 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with dis-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Don't be discouraged by the amount of work left to do: you'll finish it in good time.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject."
      ],
      "id": "en-discourage-en-verb-TjqY4uEO",
      "links": [
        [
          "extinguish",
          "extinguish"
        ],
        [
          "courage",
          "courage"
        ],
        [
          "dishearten",
          "dishearten"
        ],
        [
          "confidence",
          "confidence"
        ],
        [
          "deject",
          "deject"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "be",
          "english": "dissuade",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "adhavórvacʹ",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "адгаво́рваць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "obezsǎrčavam",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "обезсърчавам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "obezkurážavam",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "обезкура́жавам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desanimar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desalenar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "令人愁悶"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "lìng rén chóumèn",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "令人愁闷"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "使沮喪"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shǐ jǔsàng",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "使沮丧"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "zastrašit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "vzít odvahu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "ontmoedigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "lannistaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "nujertaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "décourager"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desalentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desanimar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "guls ucruebs",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "გულს უცრუებს"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "xaliss aḳargvinebs",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "ხალისს აკარგვინებს"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "entmutigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "abschrecken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apokardióno",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "αποκαρδιώνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apotharrýno",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "αποθαρρύνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "elbátortalanít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "alt": "らくたん させる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "rakutan saseru",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "落胆させる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gakkari saseru",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "がっかりさせる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "dehortor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "obeshrabruva",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "обесхрабрува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "whakapāhunu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "mistyhtan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desencorajar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desanimar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "desalentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "descuraja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obeskuráživatʹ",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "обескура́живать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obeskurážitʹ",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "обескура́жить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rasxoláživatʹ",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "расхола́живать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rasxolodítʹ",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "расхолоди́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otbivátʹ oxótu",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "отбива́ть охо́ту"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "english": "dissuade",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otgovárivatʹ",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "отгова́ривать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "descorazonar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "acobardar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "avskräcka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "nirutsāhaparucu",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "నిరుత్సాహపరుచు"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "99 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to dishearten",
          "word": "şevkini kırmak"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1854, Abraham Lincoln., Notes for a Law Lecture",
          "text": "Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To persuade somebody not to do (something)."
      ],
      "id": "en-discourage-en-verb-l5fVZulf",
      "links": [
        [
          "persuade",
          "persuade"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To persuade somebody not to do (something)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "razubeždávam",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "разубежда́вам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "dissuadir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "odradit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "ontraden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "afraden om"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "ehkäistä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "ehkäistä ennalta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "dissuader"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "desalentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "gadatkmevineba",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "გადათქმევინება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "gadaatkmevinebs",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "გადაათქმევინებს"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "xelis aɣebineba",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "ხელის აღებინება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "xels aɣebinebs",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "ხელს აღებინებს"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "abraten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "abraten von"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "abbringen von"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apotharrýno",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "αποθαρρύνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "scoraggiare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "alt": "おもいとどまらせる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "omoitodomaraseru",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "思い止まらせる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "alt": "よくし する",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "yokushi suru",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "抑止する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "odvraḱa",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "одвраќа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "å ikke anbefale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "zniechęcać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zniechęcić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "despersuadir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "dissuadir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "desencorajar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "razubeždátʹ",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "разубежда́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "razubedítʹ",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "разубеди́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otgovárivatʹ",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "отгова́ривать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "otgovorítʹ",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "отговори́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "desalentar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "persuadir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "disuadir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "nirutsāhaparucu",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "నిరుత్సాహపరుచు"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
          "word": "vazgeçirmek"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-discourage.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg/En-us-discourage.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "deter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dissuade"
    }
  ],
  "word": "discourage"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "descourager"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French descourager",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "décourager"
      },
      "expansion": "décourager",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "descouragier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French descouragier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "des-"
      },
      "expansion": "des-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "corage"
      },
      "expansion": "corage",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis-",
        "3": "courage"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, dis- + courage",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "discourage (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "dis‧cour‧age"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Lack of courage"
      ],
      "id": "en-discourage-en-noun-C5KC6~MP",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Lack of courage"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "lack of courage",
          "word": "cowardliness"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-discourage.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg/En-us-discourage.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "discourage"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "encourage"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms prefixed with dis-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "descourager"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French descourager",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "décourager"
      },
      "expansion": "décourager",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "descouragier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French descouragier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "des-"
      },
      "expansion": "des-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "corage"
      },
      "expansion": "corage",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis-",
        "3": "courage"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, dis- + courage",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "discourages",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "discouraging",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "discouraged",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "discouraged",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "discourage (third-person singular simple present discourages, present participle discouraging, simple past and past participle discouraged)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "dis‧cour‧age"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Don't be discouraged by the amount of work left to do: you'll finish it in good time.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extinguish",
          "extinguish"
        ],
        [
          "courage",
          "courage"
        ],
        [
          "dishearten",
          "dishearten"
        ],
        [
          "confidence",
          "confidence"
        ],
        [
          "deject",
          "deject"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1854, Abraham Lincoln., Notes for a Law Lecture",
          "text": "Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbors to compromise whenever you can.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To persuade somebody not to do (something)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "persuade",
          "persuade"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To persuade somebody not to do (something)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-discourage.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg/En-us-discourage.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "deter"
    },
    {
      "word": "dissuade"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "be",
      "english": "dissuade",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "adhavórvacʹ",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "адгаво́рваць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "obezsǎrčavam",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "обезсърчавам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "obezkurážavam",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "обезкура́жавам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desanimar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desalenar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "令人愁悶"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "lìng rén chóumèn",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "令人愁闷"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "使沮喪"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shǐ jǔsàng",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "使沮丧"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "zastrašit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "vzít odvahu"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "ontmoedigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "lannistaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "nujertaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "décourager"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desalentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desanimar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "guls ucruebs",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "გულს უცრუებს"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "xaliss aḳargvinebs",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "ხალისს აკარგვინებს"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "entmutigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "abschrecken"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apokardióno",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "αποκαρδιώνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apotharrýno",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "αποθαρρύνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "elbátortalanít"
    },
    {
      "alt": "らくたん させる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "rakutan saseru",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "落胆させる"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gakkari saseru",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "がっかりさせる"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "dehortor"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "obeshrabruva",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "обесхрабрува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "whakapāhunu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "mistyhtan"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desencorajar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desanimar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "desalentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "descuraja"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obeskuráživatʹ",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "обескура́живать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obeskurážitʹ",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "обескура́жить"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rasxoláživatʹ",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "расхола́живать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rasxolodítʹ",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "расхолоди́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otbivátʹ oxótu",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отбива́ть охо́ту"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "english": "dissuade",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otgovárivatʹ",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отгова́ривать"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "descorazonar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "acobardar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "avskräcka"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "nirutsāhaparucu",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "నిరుత్సాహపరుచు"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to dishearten",
      "word": "şevkini kırmak"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "razubeždávam",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "разубежда́вам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "dissuadir"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "odradit"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "ontraden"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "afraden om"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "ehkäistä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "ehkäistä ennalta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "dissuader"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "desalentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "gadatkmevineba",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "გადათქმევინება"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "gadaatkmevinebs",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "გადაათქმევინებს"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "xelis aɣebineba",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "ხელის აღებინება"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "xels aɣebinebs",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "ხელს აღებინებს"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "abraten"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "abraten von"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "abbringen von"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apotharrýno",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "αποθαρρύνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "scoraggiare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "おもいとどまらせる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "omoitodomaraseru",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "思い止まらせる"
    },
    {
      "alt": "よくし する",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "yokushi suru",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "抑止する"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "odvraḱa",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "одвраќа"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "å ikke anbefale"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zniechęcać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zniechęcić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "despersuadir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "dissuadir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "desencorajar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "razubeždátʹ",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "разубежда́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "razubedítʹ",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "разубеди́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otgovárivatʹ",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отгова́ривать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "otgovorítʹ",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отговори́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "desalentar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "persuadir"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "disuadir"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "nirutsāhaparucu",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "నిరుత్సాహపరుచు"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to persuade somebody not to do something",
      "word": "vazgeçirmek"
    }
  ],
  "word": "discourage"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms prefixed with dis-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "descourager"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French descourager",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "décourager"
      },
      "expansion": "décourager",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "descouragier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French descouragier",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "des-"
      },
      "expansion": "des-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "corage"
      },
      "expansion": "corage",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dis-",
        "3": "courage"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, dis- + courage",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle French descourager (modern French décourager), from Old French descouragier, from des- and corage. By surface analysis, dis- + courage.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "discourage (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "dis‧cour‧age"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lack of courage"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Lack of courage"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-discourage.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg/En-us-discourage.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-us-discourage.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "lack of courage",
      "word": "cowardliness"
    }
  ],
  "word": "discourage"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.