See dam- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "dāmum",
"alt": "𒁁",
"tr": "dāmum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian: 𒁁 (dāmum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Akkadian: 𒁁 (dāmum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "دَم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic: دَم (dam)\nHijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)\nMaltese: demm\nMoroccan Arabic: دم (damm)\n→ Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)\n→ Swahili: damu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Arabic: دَم (dam)\nHijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)\nMaltese: demm\nMoroccan Arabic: دم (damm)\n→ Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)\n→ Swahili: damu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "דְּמָא",
"tr": "dəmā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic: דְּמָא (dəmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aramaic: דְּמָא (dəmā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܕ݁ܡܳܐ",
"tr": "dəmā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܡܳܐ (dəmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܡܳܐ (dəmā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Canaanite:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "דָּם",
"tr": "dam, dām"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew: דָּם (dam, dām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hebrew: דָּם (dam, dām)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phn",
"2": "𐤃𐤌"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)\nPunic: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Phoenician: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)\nPunic: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎄𐎎",
"ts": "damu"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎎 (dm /damu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎎 (dm /damu/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old South Arabian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩵𐩣"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old South Arabian: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsa",
"2": "𐩵𐩣"
},
"expansion": "Sabaean: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sabaean: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ethiopian Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "am",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Amharic: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Amharic: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gez",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Ge'ez: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ge'ez: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "har",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Harari: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harari: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ti",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Tigrinya: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigrinya: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tig",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Tigre: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigre: ደም (däm)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "afa-pro>*dam->blood",
"id": "blood"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "afa-pro",
"3": "*dam-",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic *dam- (“blood”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Afroasiatic *dam- (“blood”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damāna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damVya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damVni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damVka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVša",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damuka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damāka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damika",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damaka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damuki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damāki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damiki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damaki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*dam- m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Semitic",
"lang_code": "sem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/dam-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Semitic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blood"
],
"id": "en-dam--sem-pro-noun-Po5AwK9f",
"links": [
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"construct state"
]
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "*i-damm-ən",
"g": "m-p",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Berber: *i-damm-ən m pl (“blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Berber: *i-damm-ən m pl (“blood”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": "idammen"
},
"expansion": "Kabyle: idammen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kabyle: idammen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tzm",
"2": "ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ"
},
"expansion": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (idammn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (idammn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "idammen"
},
"expansion": "Tarifit: idammen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tarifit: idammen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cdc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chadic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chadic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Chadic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mew",
"2": "dom",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Maaka: dom (“blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maaka: dom (“blood”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cus-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Cushitic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Cushitic: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "om",
"2": "dhiiga"
},
"expansion": "Oromo: dhiiga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oromo: dhiiga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "dhiig"
},
"expansion": "Somali: dhiig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Somali: dhiig"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "*dam-",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic: *dam- (“blood”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Semitic: *dam- (“blood”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*dam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Afroasiatic",
"lang_code": "afa-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Afroasiatic/dam-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Afroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Afroasiatic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blood"
],
"id": "en-dam--afa-pro-root-Po5AwK9f",
"links": [
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "dam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"classifier for places: villages, fields, houses, windows, doors"
],
"id": "en-dam--grt-classifier-DCCXSY8Y"
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "class B & C infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "BC",
"2": "L"
},
"expansion": "dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "me",
"word": "dom-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of dom- (“me”)"
],
"id": "en-dam--sga-prefix-iCDtXn6u",
"links": [
[
"dom-",
"dom-#Old_Irish"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "1 sing"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "2 sing"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "3 sing. m."
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "3 sing. f."
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "3 sing"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
},
{
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
],
"word": "L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others."
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"class-B",
"class-C",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun",
"triggers-lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[daβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*do-ambi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*do-",
"3": "*ambi-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*do- + *ambi-",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dy-",
"3": "am-",
"t1": "to, together",
"t2": "around"
},
"expansion": "dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-, from *do- + *ambi-, equivalent to dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dam-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddam-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nam-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "dam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dam- + cylchu (“to circle, to surround”) → damgylchu (“to encompass, to surround”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dam- + amcanu (“to estimate”) → damcanu (“to conjecture, to speculate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"around, circum-"
],
"id": "en-dam--cy-prefix-0UVNyyEB",
"links": [
[
"around",
"around"
],
[
"circum-",
"circum-"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dym-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dam/"
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "classifier"
},
"expansion": "dam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "classifier",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Garo classifiers",
"Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"Garo lemmas",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"classifier for places: villages, fields, houses, windows, doors"
]
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "class B & C infixed pronoun",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers lenition",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "BC",
"2": "L"
},
"expansion": "dam- (class B & C infixed pronoun, triggers lenition)",
"name": "sga-infixed pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "1 sing"
},
{
"word": "m-L"
},
{
"word": "dom-L"
},
{
"word": "dam-L"
},
{
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "2 sing"
},
{
"word": "t-L"
},
{
"word": "dot-L"
},
{
"word": "dat-L"
},
{
"word": "dut-L"
},
{
"word": "dit-L"
},
{
"word": "-ut"
},
{
"word": "3 sing. m."
},
{
"word": "a-N"
},
{
"word": "e-N"
},
{
"word": "d-N"
},
{
"word": "id-N"
},
{
"word": "did-N"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-it"
},
{
"word": "3 sing. f."
},
{
"word": "s-(N)"
},
{
"word": "da-"
},
{
"word": "-us"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "3 sing"
},
{
"word": "a-L"
},
{
"word": "e-L"
},
{
"word": "d-L"
},
{
"word": "id-L"
},
{
"word": "did-L"
},
{
"word": "1 pl"
},
{
"word": "n-"
},
{
"word": "don-"
},
{
"word": "dun-"
},
{
"word": "dan-"
},
{
"word": "-unn"
},
{
"word": "2 pl"
},
{
"word": "b-"
},
{
"word": "dob-"
},
{
"word": "dub-"
},
{
"word": "dab-"
},
{
"word": "-uib"
},
{
"word": "3 pl"
},
{
"tags": [
"eclipsis"
],
"word": "L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others."
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "me",
"word": "dom-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish personal pronouns",
"Old Irish prefixes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of dom- (“me”)"
],
"links": [
[
"dom-",
"dom-#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"class-B",
"class-C",
"infix",
"morpheme",
"pronoun",
"triggers-lenition"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[daβ̃]"
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ber-pro",
"2": "*i-damm-ən",
"g": "m-p",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Berber: *i-damm-ən m pl (“blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Berber: *i-damm-ən m pl (“blood”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kab",
"2": "idammen"
},
"expansion": "Kabyle: idammen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kabyle: idammen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tzm",
"2": "ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ"
},
"expansion": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (idammn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⴷⴰⵎⵎⵏ (idammn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rif",
"2": "idammen"
},
"expansion": "Tarifit: idammen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tarifit: idammen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cdc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chadic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chadic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Chadic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mew",
"2": "dom",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Maaka: dom (“blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maaka: dom (“blood”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cus-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Cushitic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Cushitic: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "om",
"2": "dhiiga"
},
"expansion": "Oromo: dhiiga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oromo: dhiiga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "so",
"2": "dhiig"
},
"expansion": "Somali: dhiig",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Somali: dhiig"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "*dam-",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Semitic: *dam- (“blood”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Semitic: *dam- (“blood”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*dam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Afroasiatic",
"lang_code": "afa-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Afroasiatic/dam-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Afroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Afroasiatic lemmas",
"Proto-Afroasiatic roots"
],
"glosses": [
"blood"
],
"links": [
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akk",
"2": "dāmum",
"alt": "𒁁",
"tr": "dāmum"
},
"expansion": "Akkadian: 𒁁 (dāmum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Akkadian: 𒁁 (dāmum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "دَم"
},
"expansion": "Arabic: دَم (dam)\nHijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)\nMaltese: demm\nMoroccan Arabic: دم (damm)\n→ Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)\n→ Swahili: damu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Arabic: دَم (dam)\nHijazi Arabic: دَمّ (damm)\nMaltese: demm\nMoroccan Arabic: دم (damm)\n→ Indonesian: dam (“punishment”)\n→ Swahili: damu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arc",
"2": "דְּמָא",
"tr": "dəmā"
},
"expansion": "Aramaic: דְּמָא (dəmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aramaic: דְּמָא (dəmā)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syc",
"2": "ܕ݁ܡܳܐ",
"tr": "dəmā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܡܳܐ (dəmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܡܳܐ (dəmā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Canaanite:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "דָּם",
"tr": "dam, dām"
},
"expansion": "Hebrew: דָּם (dam, dām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hebrew: דָּם (dam, dām)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phn",
"2": "𐤃𐤌"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)\nPunic: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Phoenician: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)\nPunic: 𐤃𐤌 (dm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uga",
"2": "𐎄𐎎",
"ts": "damu"
},
"expansion": "Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎎 (dm /damu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ugaritic: 𐎄𐎎 (dm /damu/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old South Arabian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "𐩵𐩣"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old South Arabian: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsa",
"2": "𐩵𐩣"
},
"expansion": "Sabaean: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sabaean: 𐩵𐩣 (dm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ethiopian Semitic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "am",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Amharic: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Amharic: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gez",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Ge'ez: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ge'ez: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "har",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Harari: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Harari: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ti",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Tigrinya: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigrinya: ደም (däm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tig",
"2": "ደም"
},
"expansion": "Tigre: ደም (däm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigre: ደም (däm)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "afa-pro>*dam->blood",
"id": "blood"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "afa-pro",
"3": "*dam-",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic *dam- (“blood”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Afroasiatic *dam- (“blood”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damāna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "damī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damVya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damVni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damVka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVkinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVša",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšumay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"feminine",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "damVšinā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damuka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damāka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damika",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damaka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "damuki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damāki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-ūki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damiki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "damaki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "damayki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "plural stem + *-īki",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sem-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*dam- m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Semitic",
"lang_code": "sem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/dam-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Semitic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Semitic lemmas",
"Proto-Semitic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Semitic nouns",
"Proto-Semitic terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic",
"Proto-Semitic terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic",
"sem-pro:Bodily fluids"
],
"glosses": [
"blood"
],
"links": [
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"construct state"
]
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*do-ambi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*do-",
"3": "*ambi-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*do- + *ambi-",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "dy-",
"3": "am-",
"t1": "to, together",
"t2": "around"
},
"expansion": "dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”)",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Celtic *do-ambi-, from *do- + *ambi-, equivalent to dy- (“to, together”) + am- (“around”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dam-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ddam-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nam-",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "dam-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Welsh compound terms",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh prefixes",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dam- + cylchu (“to circle, to surround”) → damgylchu (“to encompass, to surround”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "dam- + amcanu (“to estimate”) → damcanu (“to conjecture, to speculate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"around, circum-"
],
"links": [
[
"around",
"around"
],
[
"circum-",
"circum-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dam/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dym-"
}
],
"word": "dam-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dam- meaning in All languages combined (16.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dam-/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dam-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "dam-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dam-/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dam-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "dam-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dam-/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
"path": [
"dam-"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "dam-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.