See cran on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cran meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gae",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Goidelic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "crann",
"3": "",
"4": "lot, measure of herring, tree, etc."
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic crann (“lot, measure of herring, tree, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Evidently from, or at least influenced by Goidelic; compare Scottish Gaelic crann (“lot, measure of herring, tree, etc.”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cran"
},
"expansion": "cran (plural crans or cran)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 2 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1800 Dec, Sir Richard Phillips, The Monthly magazine, volume 10, number 66, page 486",
"text": "Very flattering indeed has been the success of the fishermen; and many boats have come in loaded, averaging thirty or forty crans each (every cran estimated at 1,000 herrings), and disposed of their cargoes at nine shillings per cran; but the price has been since raised to fifteen shillings.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1938, Louis MacNeice, Bagpipe Music",
"text": "His brother caught three hundred cran when the seas were lavish, / Threw the bleeders back in the sea and went upon the parish.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960, Ewan MacColl, BBC radio ballad, Singing the Fishing",
"text": "[…] And fish the knolls on the North Sea Holes\nAnd try your luck at the North Shields Gut\nWith a catch of a hundred cran.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970s, Archie Fisher, The Final Trawl",
"roman": "And the final trawl scarcely makes a cran.",
"text": "But I've fished a lifetime, boy and man,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measure of herrings, either imprecise or sometimes legally specified. It has oftentimes been about 37½ imperial gallons, or ~750 herrings on average (up to 1200 or even ~2500)."
],
"id": "en-cran-en-noun-nHuRphJI",
"links": [
[
"herring",
"herring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A measure of herrings, either imprecise or sometimes legally specified. It has oftentimes been about 37½ imperial gallons, or ~750 herrings on average (up to 1200 or even ~2500)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A barrel made to hold such a measure."
],
"id": "en-cran-en-noun-7d1V6G1y",
"links": [
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare, by extension) A barrel made to hold such a measure."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crane"
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cran (plural crans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 2 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An embellishment played on the lowest note of a chanter of a bagpipe, consisting of a series of grace notes produced by rapid sequential lifting of the fingers of the lower hand."
],
"id": "en-cran-en-noun-Bia47t-3",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"embellishment",
"embellishment"
],
[
"chanter",
"chanter"
],
[
"bagpipe",
"bagpipe"
],
[
"grace note",
"grace note"
],
[
"sequential",
"sequential"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) An embellishment played on the lowest note of a chanter of a bagpipe, consisting of a series of grace notes produced by rapid sequential lifting of the fingers of the lower hand."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cran (plural crans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "qiran"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 2 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of qiran"
],
"id": "en-cran-en-noun-EfH4X8cb",
"links": [
[
"qiran",
"qiran#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vodka cran"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cran d’arrêt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "être à cran"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "créner",
"t": "to kern"
},
"expansion": "créner (“to kern”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "crenedes",
"t": "notched"
},
"expansion": "crenedes (“notched”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*crinare"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crinare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*krini-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krini-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-",
"t": "to divide, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, separate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "cernō",
"t": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Latin cernō (“to separate”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal of créner (“to kern”), from crenedes (“notched”), from Vulgar Latin *crinare, probably of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from Proto-Celtic *krini-, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, separate”). Or, less likely, from Latin cernō (“to separate”), itself from the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cran m (plural crans)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"notch"
],
"id": "en-cran-fr-noun-qXK8GzIg",
"links": [
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Firearms",
"orig": "fr:Firearms",
"parents": [
"Weapons",
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 86 1 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"safety catch"
],
"id": "en-cran-fr-noun-C9I1HwKV",
"links": [
[
"firearm",
"firearm"
],
[
"safety catch",
"safety catch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(firearms) safety catch"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"firearms",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"id": "en-cran-fr-noun-Oe5FUZcH",
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"qualifier": "belt",
"raw_glosses": [
"(belt) hole"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"id": "en-cran-fr-noun-SxJeyZp0",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"qualifier": "hair",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hair) wave"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That boy has guts to dare do a parachute jump.",
"text": "Ce garçon a du cran, pour oser sauter en parachute.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1998, “Agrévolution”, in Ol Kainry (lyrics), Ce n’est que l’début, performed by Agression Verbale",
"text": "Tu sais pourquoi on voit grand, depuis qu’on est grand, qu’on a du cran / C’est que la merde nous a pendu, on est adolescent / Cran d’arrêt en guise de porte bonheur",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"guts, bottle, courage"
],
"id": "en-cran-fr-noun-GhFf-dbl",
"links": [
[
"guts",
"guts"
],
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) guts, bottle, courage"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʁɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-cran.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crane, krane, cranne, craane, crone, craune\nEnglish: crane (see there for further descendants)\nScots: cran\nYola: kraanberry, kraaneberry",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crane, krane, cranne, craane, crone, craune\nEnglish: crane (see there for further descendants)\nScots: cran\nYola: kraanberry, kraaneberry"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kranō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kranō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kranō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "cran",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cran m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "cran"
},
"expansion": "cran m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cran"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cran",
"2": "cranas",
"3": "cran",
"4": "cranas",
"5": "cranes",
"6": "crana",
"7": "crane",
"8": "cranum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Gruiforms",
"orig": "ang:Gruiforms",
"parents": [
"Freshwater birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The crane was standing on one leg.",
"text": "Se cran wæs standende on ānum sċancan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You often hear cranes long before you see them.",
"text": "Oft man ġehīerþ cranas lange ǣr hē hīe ġesiehþ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The cranes make their nests in the bell towers of churches.",
"text": "Þā cranas wyrċaþ heora nest on ċiriċena belhūsum.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crane (bird)"
],
"id": "en-cran-ang-noun-wqhOhGOq",
"links": [
[
"crane",
"crane"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɑn/"
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cranuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cranurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cranuri"
},
"expansion": "cran n (plural cranuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "cranurilor",
"gpi": "cranuri",
"gsd": "cranului",
"gsi": "cran",
"n": "",
"npd": "cranurile",
"npi": "cranuri",
"nsd": "cranul",
"nsi": "cran",
"vp": "cranurilor",
"vs": "cranule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "craniu"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of craniu."
],
"id": "en-cran-ro-noun-WFF6C9GT",
"links": [
[
"craniu",
"craniu#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Goidelic languages",
"English terms derived from Goidelic languages"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gae",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Goidelic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "crann",
"3": "",
"4": "lot, measure of herring, tree, etc."
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic crann (“lot, measure of herring, tree, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Evidently from, or at least influenced by Goidelic; compare Scottish Gaelic crann (“lot, measure of herring, tree, etc.”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cran"
},
"expansion": "cran (plural crans or cran)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1800 Dec, Sir Richard Phillips, The Monthly magazine, volume 10, number 66, page 486",
"text": "Very flattering indeed has been the success of the fishermen; and many boats have come in loaded, averaging thirty or forty crans each (every cran estimated at 1,000 herrings), and disposed of their cargoes at nine shillings per cran; but the price has been since raised to fifteen shillings.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1938, Louis MacNeice, Bagpipe Music",
"text": "His brother caught three hundred cran when the seas were lavish, / Threw the bleeders back in the sea and went upon the parish.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1960, Ewan MacColl, BBC radio ballad, Singing the Fishing",
"text": "[…] And fish the knolls on the North Sea Holes\nAnd try your luck at the North Shields Gut\nWith a catch of a hundred cran.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970s, Archie Fisher, The Final Trawl",
"roman": "And the final trawl scarcely makes a cran.",
"text": "But I've fished a lifetime, boy and man,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measure of herrings, either imprecise or sometimes legally specified. It has oftentimes been about 37½ imperial gallons, or ~750 herrings on average (up to 1200 or even ~2500)."
],
"links": [
[
"herring",
"herring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A measure of herrings, either imprecise or sometimes legally specified. It has oftentimes been about 37½ imperial gallons, or ~750 herrings on average (up to 1200 or even ~2500)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A barrel made to hold such a measure."
],
"links": [
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare, by extension) A barrel made to hold such a measure."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crane"
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cran (plural crans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"An embellishment played on the lowest note of a chanter of a bagpipe, consisting of a series of grace notes produced by rapid sequential lifting of the fingers of the lower hand."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"embellishment",
"embellishment"
],
[
"chanter",
"chanter"
],
[
"bagpipe",
"bagpipe"
],
[
"grace note",
"grace note"
],
[
"sequential",
"sequential"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) An embellishment played on the lowest note of a chanter of a bagpipe, consisting of a series of grace notes produced by rapid sequential lifting of the fingers of the lower hand."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cran (plural crans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vodka cran"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "qiran"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of qiran"
],
"links": [
[
"qiran",
"qiran#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Celtic languages",
"French terms derived from Gaulish",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cran d’arrêt"
},
{
"word": "être à cran"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "créner",
"t": "to kern"
},
"expansion": "créner (“to kern”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "crenedes",
"t": "notched"
},
"expansion": "crenedes (“notched”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*crinare"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crinare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*krini-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krini-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krey-",
"t": "to divide, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, separate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "cernō",
"t": "to separate"
},
"expansion": "Latin cernō (“to separate”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal of créner (“to kern”), from crenedes (“notched”), from Vulgar Latin *crinare, probably of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from Proto-Celtic *krini-, from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, separate”). Or, less likely, from Latin cernō (“to separate”), itself from the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cran m (plural crans)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"notch"
],
"links": [
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Firearms"
],
"glosses": [
"safety catch"
],
"links": [
[
"firearm",
"firearm"
],
[
"safety catch",
"safety catch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(firearms) safety catch"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"firearms",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hole"
],
"links": [
[
"hole",
"hole"
]
],
"qualifier": "belt",
"raw_glosses": [
"(belt) hole"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"qualifier": "hair",
"raw_glosses": [
"(hair) wave"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French colloquialisms",
"French terms with quotations",
"French terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of French quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That boy has guts to dare do a parachute jump.",
"text": "Ce garçon a du cran, pour oser sauter en parachute.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1998, “Agrévolution”, in Ol Kainry (lyrics), Ce n’est que l’début, performed by Agression Verbale",
"text": "Tu sais pourquoi on voit grand, depuis qu’on est grand, qu’on a du cran / C’est que la merde nous a pendu, on est adolescent / Cran d’arrêt en guise de porte bonheur",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"guts, bottle, courage"
],
"links": [
[
"guts",
"guts"
],
[
"bottle",
"bottle"
],
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) guts, bottle, courage"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʁɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-cran.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-cran.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "crane"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: crane, krane, cranne, craane, crone, craune\nEnglish: crane (see there for further descendants)\nScots: cran\nYola: kraanberry, kraaneberry",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: crane, krane, cranne, craane, crone, craune\nEnglish: crane (see there for further descendants)\nScots: cran\nYola: kraanberry, kraaneberry"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kranō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kranō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kranō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crane",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "cran",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cran m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "cran"
},
"expansion": "cran m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cran"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cran",
"2": "cranas",
"3": "cran",
"4": "cranas",
"5": "cranes",
"6": "crana",
"7": "crane",
"8": "cranum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"ang:Gruiforms"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The crane was standing on one leg.",
"text": "Se cran wæs standende on ānum sċancan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "You often hear cranes long before you see them.",
"text": "Oft man ġehīerþ cranas lange ǣr hē hīe ġesiehþ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The cranes make their nests in the bell towers of churches.",
"text": "Þā cranas wyrċaþ heora nest on ċiriċena belhūsum.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crane (bird)"
],
"links": [
[
"crane",
"crane"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɑn/"
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cranuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui cran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor cranuri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cranule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cranurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cranuri"
},
"expansion": "cran n (plural cranuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "cranurilor",
"gpi": "cranuri",
"gsd": "cranului",
"gsi": "cran",
"n": "",
"npd": "cranurile",
"npi": "cranuri",
"nsd": "cranul",
"nsi": "cran",
"vp": "cranurilor",
"vs": "cranule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "craniu"
}
],
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of craniu."
],
"links": [
[
"craniu",
"craniu#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "cran"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.