See cinder on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "becindered"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brittle cinder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinderblock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder block"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder cone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder dick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder frame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinderless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinderlike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder notch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinderous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder tea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cinder toffee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cindery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mill cinder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tap cinder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cyndyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cyndyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sinder",
"t": "cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal"
},
"expansion": "Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sindr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sindr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sindrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sindrą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sendʰro-",
"4": "",
"5": "coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "ember, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sindel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sindel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sintel",
"3": "",
"4": "cinder, ember, slag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German sinder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sinter",
"3": "",
"4": "dross of iron, scale"
},
"expansion": "German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "spark of ignited iron, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "slag or dross from a forge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sindur",
"3": "",
"4": "scoring"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sindur (“scoring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "сѧдра",
"3": "",
"4": "lime cinder, gypsum"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cendre",
"3": "",
"4": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "French cendre (“ashes”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sinter"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of sinter",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cyndyr, syndir, synder, sinder, from Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”), from Proto-West Germanic *sindr, from Proto-Germanic *sindrą, *sindraz (“dross, cinder, slag”), from Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”). Cognate with Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”), West Frisian sindel, sintel (“cinder, slag”), Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”), Middle Low German sinder, sinter (“cinder, slag”), German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”), Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”), Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”), Icelandic sindur (“scoring”), Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”). Spelling (c- for s-) influenced by unrelated French cendre (“ashes”). Doublet of sinter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cinders",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sinder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cinder (plural cinders)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tinder"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 2 7 17 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
"_dis": "45 5 14 21 8 7",
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"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
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{
"_dis": "36 4 13 17 19 11",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
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"_dis": "48 3 8 22 10 10",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962 June, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Modern Railways, page 399:",
"text": "Travellers over the London & North Western main line in bygone days will need no reminder of the pattering of cinders on the carriage roofs, the fountains of sparks from the chimneys at night and the distance from which the exhaust of approaching locomotives could be heard, due to the fierceness of their blast in such conditions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.; it often rides the rising smoke column into the air, and it can pose a fire hazard when it lands, in dry conditions"
],
"id": "en-cinder-en-noun-YcDLt995",
"links": [
[
"Partially",
"partially"
],
[
"mostly",
"mostly"
],
[
"burnt",
"burnt"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"incomplete",
"incomplete"
],
[
"combustion",
"combustion"
],
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jamru munṭafiyy",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَمْرُ مُنْطَفِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "antʻeġ",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "անթեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sgurija",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сгурия"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pepel",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пепел"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méizhā",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "煤渣"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huījìn",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "灰燼 /灰烬"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yújìn",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "餘燼 /余烬"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oharek"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "as"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "partially burnt",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "hiili"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "ash",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "tuhka"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ida",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "წიდა"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Asche"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "azgō",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aibhleog dhóite"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cenere"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"alt": "もえがら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "moegara",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "燃え殻"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "favilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "ngārahu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "ngārehu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"Guernsey",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "chendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "aske"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oparzelina"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zgorzelina"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borralho"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "borralha"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zolá",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зола́"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pépel",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пе́пел"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ohorok"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceniza"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carbonilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carboncillo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slagg"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "aska"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tàan",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "ถ่าน"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 9 3 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "kor"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1730, Jonathan Swift, The Lady's Dressing Room:",
"text": "If from adown the hopeful chops\nThe fat upon the cinder drops,\nTo stinking smoke it turns the flame,\nPoisoning the flesh from whence it came",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ember."
],
"id": "en-cinder-en-noun-~VmSwGZG",
"links": [
[
"ember",
"ember"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Slag from a metal furnace."
],
"id": "en-cinder-en-noun-TsQ~qosZ",
"links": [
[
"Slag",
"slag"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xaram",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "խարամ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šlaka",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шлака"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lúzhā",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "爐渣 /炉渣"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "slak"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "kuona"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schlacke"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zunder"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "salak"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escória"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šlak",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлак"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okálina",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ока́лина"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoria"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 93 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "masugnsslagg"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Catherine Grace Frances Gore, Selected Works, volume 2, page 9:",
"text": "Oh, horrid proposition! One would imagine, Tom, that you had been a coal-heaver. Had you said soda and cinder, I would have seconded the motion.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Glenda Young, The Miner's Lass:",
"text": "She'd sit by the fire, arms crossed, demanding that Ruby spike her tea with a cinder. But Ruby would never give in to her demands, no matter how much her mam begged. There was no alcohol in the house now; Arthur had made sure of that in an effort to get Mary sober.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any strong stimulant added to tea, soda water, etc."
],
"id": "en-cinder-en-noun-59tcEJ6t",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"stimulant",
"stimulant"
],
[
"tea",
"tea"
],
[
"soda water",
"soda water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, colloquial) Any strong stimulant added to tea, soda water, etc."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cinder.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "cinder"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cyndyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cyndyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sinder",
"t": "cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal"
},
"expansion": "Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sindr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sindr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sindrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sindrą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sendʰro-",
"4": "",
"5": "coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "ember, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sindel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sindel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sintel",
"3": "",
"4": "cinder, ember, slag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German sinder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sinter",
"3": "",
"4": "dross of iron, scale"
},
"expansion": "German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "spark of ignited iron, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "slag or dross from a forge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sindur",
"3": "",
"4": "scoring"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sindur (“scoring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "сѧдра",
"3": "",
"4": "lime cinder, gypsum"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cendre",
"3": "",
"4": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "French cendre (“ashes”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sinter"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of sinter",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cyndyr, syndir, synder, sinder, from Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”), from Proto-West Germanic *sindr, from Proto-Germanic *sindrą, *sindraz (“dross, cinder, slag”), from Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”). Cognate with Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”), West Frisian sindel, sintel (“cinder, slag”), Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”), Middle Low German sinder, sinter (“cinder, slag”), German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”), Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”), Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”), Icelandic sindur (“scoring”), Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”). Spelling (c- for s-) influenced by unrelated French cendre (“ashes”). Doublet of sinter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cinders",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cindering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cindered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cindered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sinder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cinder (third-person singular simple present cinders, present participle cindering, simple past and past participle cindered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Cinderella"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scoria"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To reduce to cinders."
],
"id": "en-cinder-en-verb-DE8dGOYe",
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce to cinders."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izpepeljavam",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "изпепелявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "polttaa poroksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "hiiltää"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "tuhkata"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "verkohlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "verschwelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "einäschern"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispepeljatʹ",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "испепелять"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sžigátʹ",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "сжига́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "incinerar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We plan to cinder this path.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with cinders."
],
"id": "en-cinder-en-verb-1WmWg0Q4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with cinders."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cinder.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndə(ɹ)"
}
],
"word": "cinder"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "becindered"
},
{
"word": "brittle cinder"
},
{
"word": "cinderblock"
},
{
"word": "cinder block"
},
{
"word": "cinder cone"
},
{
"word": "cinder dick"
},
{
"word": "cinder frame"
},
{
"word": "cinderless"
},
{
"word": "cinderlike"
},
{
"word": "cinder notch"
},
{
"word": "cinderous"
},
{
"word": "cinder tea"
},
{
"word": "cinder toffee"
},
{
"word": "cindery"
},
{
"word": "mill cinder"
},
{
"word": "tap cinder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cyndyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cyndyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sinder",
"t": "cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal"
},
"expansion": "Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sindr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sindr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sindrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sindrą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sendʰro-",
"4": "",
"5": "coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "ember, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sindel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sindel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sintel",
"3": "",
"4": "cinder, ember, slag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German sinder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sinter",
"3": "",
"4": "dross of iron, scale"
},
"expansion": "German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "spark of ignited iron, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "slag or dross from a forge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sindur",
"3": "",
"4": "scoring"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sindur (“scoring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "сѧдра",
"3": "",
"4": "lime cinder, gypsum"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cendre",
"3": "",
"4": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "French cendre (“ashes”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sinter"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of sinter",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cyndyr, syndir, synder, sinder, from Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”), from Proto-West Germanic *sindr, from Proto-Germanic *sindrą, *sindraz (“dross, cinder, slag”), from Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”). Cognate with Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”), West Frisian sindel, sintel (“cinder, slag”), Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”), Middle Low German sinder, sinter (“cinder, slag”), German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”), Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”), Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”), Icelandic sindur (“scoring”), Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”). Spelling (c- for s-) influenced by unrelated French cendre (“ashes”). Doublet of sinter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cinders",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sinder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cinder (plural cinders)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "tinder"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962 June, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Modern Railways, page 399:",
"text": "Travellers over the London & North Western main line in bygone days will need no reminder of the pattering of cinders on the carriage roofs, the fountains of sparks from the chimneys at night and the distance from which the exhaust of approaching locomotives could be heard, due to the fierceness of their blast in such conditions.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.; it often rides the rising smoke column into the air, and it can pose a fire hazard when it lands, in dry conditions"
],
"links": [
[
"Partially",
"partially"
],
[
"mostly",
"mostly"
],
[
"burnt",
"burnt"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"incomplete",
"incomplete"
],
[
"combustion",
"combustion"
],
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1730, Jonathan Swift, The Lady's Dressing Room:",
"text": "If from adown the hopeful chops\nThe fat upon the cinder drops,\nTo stinking smoke it turns the flame,\nPoisoning the flesh from whence it came",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ember."
],
"links": [
[
"ember",
"ember"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Slag from a metal furnace."
],
"links": [
[
"Slag",
"slag"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"furnace",
"furnace"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, Catherine Grace Frances Gore, Selected Works, volume 2, page 9:",
"text": "Oh, horrid proposition! One would imagine, Tom, that you had been a coal-heaver. Had you said soda and cinder, I would have seconded the motion.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021, Glenda Young, The Miner's Lass:",
"text": "She'd sit by the fire, arms crossed, demanding that Ruby spike her tea with a cinder. But Ruby would never give in to her demands, no matter how much her mam begged. There was no alcohol in the house now; Arthur had made sure of that in an effort to get Mary sober.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any strong stimulant added to tea, soda water, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"stimulant",
"stimulant"
],
[
"tea",
"tea"
],
[
"soda water",
"soda water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, colloquial) Any strong stimulant added to tea, soda water, etc."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cinder.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jamru munṭafiyy",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جَمْرُ مُنْطَفِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "antʻeġ",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "անթեղ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sgurija",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сгурия"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pepel",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пепел"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "méizhā",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "煤渣"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huījìn",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "灰燼 /灰烬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yújìn",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "餘燼 /余烬"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "oharek"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "as"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "partially burnt",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "hiili"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "ash",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "tuhka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cendre"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣ida",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "წიდა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Asche"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "azgō",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aibhleog dhóite"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cenere"
},
{
"alt": "もえがら",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "moegara",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "燃え殻"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "favilla"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "ngārahu"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "ngārehu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"Guernsey",
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "chendre"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "aske"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "oparzelina"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zgorzelina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "borralho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "borralha"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zolá",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зола́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pépel",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пе́пел"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ohorok"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ceniza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carbonilla"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carboncillo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "slagg"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "aska"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tàan",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "ถ่าน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "partially or mostly burnt material",
"word": "kor"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xaram",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "խարամ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šlaka",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шлака"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lúzhā",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "爐渣 /炉渣"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "slak"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "kuona"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schlacke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zunder"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"word": "salak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escória"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šlak",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шлак"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "okálina",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ока́лина"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escoria"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "slag from a metal furnace",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "masugnsslagg"
}
],
"word": "cinder"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cyndyr"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cyndyr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sinder",
"t": "cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal"
},
"expansion": "Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sindr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sindr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sindrą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sindrą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sendʰro-",
"4": "",
"5": "coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "ember, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sindel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian sindel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sintel",
"3": "",
"4": "cinder, ember, slag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sinder"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German sinder",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sinter",
"3": "",
"4": "dross of iron, scale"
},
"expansion": "German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "spark of ignited iron, cinder"
},
"expansion": "Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "sinder",
"3": "",
"4": "slag or dross from a forge"
},
"expansion": "Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "sindur",
"3": "",
"4": "scoring"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic sindur (“scoring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "сѧдра",
"3": "",
"4": "lime cinder, gypsum"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cendre",
"3": "",
"4": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "French cendre (“ashes”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sinter"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of sinter",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cyndyr, syndir, synder, sinder, from Old English sinder (“cinder, dross, slag, scoria, dross of iron, impurity of metal”), from Proto-West Germanic *sindr, from Proto-Germanic *sindrą, *sindraz (“dross, cinder, slag”), from Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, liquid slag, scale, cinder”). Cognate with Scots sinder (“ember, cinder”), West Frisian sindel, sintel (“cinder, slag”), Dutch sintel (“cinder, ember, slag”), Middle Low German sinder, sinter (“cinder, slag”), German Sinter (“dross of iron, scale”), Danish sinder (“spark of ignited iron, cinder”), Swedish sinder (“slag or dross from a forge”), Icelandic sindur (“scoring”), Old Church Slavonic сѧдра (sędra, “lime cinder, gypsum”). Spelling (c- for s-) influenced by unrelated French cendre (“ashes”). Doublet of sinter.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cinders",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cindering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cindered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cindered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sinder",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cinder (third-person singular simple present cinders, present participle cindering, simple past and past participle cindered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "Cinderella"
},
{
"word": "scoria"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To reduce to cinders."
],
"links": [
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To reduce to cinders."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We plan to cinder this path.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with cinders."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with cinders."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cinder.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cinder.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndə(ɹ)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izpepeljavam",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "изпепелявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "polttaa poroksi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "hiiltää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "tuhkata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "verkohlen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "verschwelen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "einäschern"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispepeljatʹ",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "испепелять"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sžigátʹ",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "сжига́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to reduce something to cinders",
"word": "incinerar"
}
],
"word": "cinder"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cinder meaning in All languages combined (22.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.