See ciets on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ciets meaning in All languages combined (21.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "liquid",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"of \"state of matter\"\"",
"word": "šķidrs"
},
{
"english": "gaseous",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"of \"state of matter\"\"",
"word": "gāzveidīgs"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"of \"hard\", including \"hard water\"\"",
"word": "mīksts"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietība"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietums"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietviela"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kietas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kietas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*keitas"
},
"expansion": "*keitas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*key-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set in motion, to move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*keityas"
},
"expansion": "*keityas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kietyas"
},
"expansion": "*kietyas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciešs",
"3": "",
"4": "tight"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ciešs (“tight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kietas",
"3": "kíetas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kíetas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "kit"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian kit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "keytaro",
"3": "",
"4": "hail, greeting"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čitъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čitъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чи́тый",
"3": "",
"4": "sober"
},
"expansion": "чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȉt",
"3": "",
"4": "healthy, whole"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kietas, from *keitas, from Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s. A parallel form with -tyo-s (*keityas, *kietyas) yielded Latvian ciešs (“tight”). Meaning change: “moving” > “happy, safe, healthy” > “strong, rigid” > “hard.” Cognates include Lithuanian kíetas, Sudovian kit, Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”), Proto-Slavic *čitъ (dialectal чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”), Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cietais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "cietāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viscietākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "ciet",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "viscietākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "cieti, ciet",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "cietais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "cietāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciet",
"adv": "cieti, ciet"
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciet",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciešs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietoksnis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "lv:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solid substance",
"text": "cieta viela, cietviela",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "solid bodies",
"text": "cieti ķermeņi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "solid fuel",
"text": "cietais kurināmais",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "solid state",
"text": "ciets agregātstāvoklis",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid (having stable form)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-a9vd16cO",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"stable",
"stable#English"
],
[
"form",
"form#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) solid (having stable form)"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard, solid mineral, metal",
"text": "ciets minerāls, metāls",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, solid steel, granite",
"text": "ciets tērauds, granīts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, solid diamond, blade",
"text": "ciets diamants, asmens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)",
"text": "ciets zīmulis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, solid as rock",
"text": "ciets kā akmens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "not all stones are equally hard",
"text": "visi akmeņi nebūt nav vienādi cieti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (difficult to split, crush, bend, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-5fKUzbHn",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"split",
"split#English"
],
[
"crush",
"crush#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard soil, ground, meadow",
"text": "cieta augsne, grunts, pļava",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard clay",
"text": "ciets māls",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, soild foundation",
"text": "ciets pamats",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed",
"text": "uzplēsti seši hektāri cietajā stepes zemē",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (having a layer of rock, or snow, or ice)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-F-zxTWVD",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"rock",
"rock#English"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 3 10 2 0 5 0 4 1 7 0 7 8 1 7 5 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solid canvas",
"text": "ciets audekls",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard sheepskin",
"text": "cieta aitāda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard boot",
"text": "ciets zābaks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he wore a dickey with a hard collar",
"text": "viņš nēsāja uzkreklus ar cietām apkaklītēm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-47ZBHb57",
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"fold",
"fold#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"made",
"make#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cloth",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of fabric, cloth) hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of fabric"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard sofa, pillow",
"text": "ciets dīvāns, spilvens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard bed, back (of chair)",
"text": "cieta gulta, atzveltne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "that chair is too hard for me",
"text": "tas krēsls man par cietu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-fdOdZL7X",
"links": [
[
"furniture",
"furniture"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#English"
],
[
"resistant",
"resistant#English"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cushions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of furniture, cushions, etc.) hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of furniture"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard tissue",
"text": "citie audi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ciets kauls ― hard bone",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard skin",
"text": "cieta āda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard palate",
"text": "cietās aukslējas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(his) hands were full of hard blisters",
"text": "rokas bija pilnas cietu tulznu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-6kUpD~~B",
"links": [
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "tissue",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of body parts, tissue) hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of body parts"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard hands",
"text": "cietas rokas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard palm (of hand)",
"text": "cieta plauksta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-zF4XCEO6",
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hands, their skin) hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hands"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "thick beard",
"text": "cieta bārda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "thick mustache",
"text": "cietas ūsas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thick, strong"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-MSHh23f7",
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hair) thick, strong"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hair"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard tree, oak",
"text": "ciets koks, ozols",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard trunk, branch",
"text": "ciets stumbrs, zars",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard grain",
"text": "ciets grauds",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron",
"text": "šo koku koksne pusotras reizes cietāka par dzelzi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-HH0iQvCr",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze#English"
],
[
"trim",
"trim#English"
],
[
"prune",
"prune#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of plants) hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of plants"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard meat, bread",
"text": "cieta gaļa, maize",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard cheese",
"text": "ciets siers",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard (boiled) egg",
"text": "cieta ola",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-76eePH~H",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bite",
"bite#English"
],
[
"chew",
"chew#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 4 8 4 3 5 1 5 3 10 1 7 11 5 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard, tough character",
"text": "ciets raksturs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, tough nature",
"text": "cieta daba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)",
"text": "cieta sirds",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)",
"text": "viņš bija ciets cilvēks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard look",
"text": "ciets skatiens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "his facial expression was hard and relentless",
"text": "viņa sejas izteiksme bija cieta un nepielūdzama",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-4EYkKsd2",
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"determined",
"determined#English"
],
[
"uncompromising",
"uncompromising#English"
],
[
"ruthless",
"ruthless#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "will; their behavior; will; their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of character, will; of people, their behavior) hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of character",
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground",
"text": "kad pēc vēja brāzmas viņš pacēla seju augstāk, tā bija kļuvusi pelēki cieta ka sastingusi zeme",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, stiff"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-Zj2Bg1zP",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"qualifier": "their features",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of faces, their features) hard, stiff"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of faces"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solemn promise",
"text": "ciets solījums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath",
"text": "kluss vīru pulks... viss gvarda vārdos teikts; vien cietam zvērestam ceļ katrs roku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-zRpp4DBv",
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"promises",
"promises"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"inalterable",
"inalterable"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "ideas; promisess; ideas; promisess",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thoughts, ideas, promisess) hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thoughts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 4 8 4 3 5 1 5 3 10 1 7 11 5 3 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "rigid wage, salary",
"text": "cieta alga",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "rigid prices",
"text": "cietas cenas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-XgOJ~o~y",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
],
[
"arbitrarily",
"arbitrary#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with calm, strong steps he came closer",
"text": "mierigiem, cietiem soļiem viņš nāca tuvāk",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate",
"text": "mātes skāviens ir karsts, ciets, izmisīgs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, determined"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-9zf56p0Q",
"links": [
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of movements) hard, strong, determined"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of movements"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep",
"text": "visa nakts tad bija pavadīta cietā, veselīgā miegā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-qojiXNcG",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sleep) tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sleep"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard water is not appropriate for washing",
"text": "ciets ūdens mazgāšanai nav derīgs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-qh-OEXEd",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"contain",
"contain#English"
],
[
"salt",
"salt#English"
],
[
"calcium",
"calcium#English"
],
[
"magnesium",
"magnesium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of water) hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 3 10 2 0 5 0 4 1 7 0 7 8 1 7 5 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper",
"text": "jūra bija balta un ziemeļu vējš kļuva aizvien cietāks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say",
"text": "ja priedes tā šūpojas, tad ir vētra, ciets laiks, kā saka tēvs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, sharp"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-ZdCyRXr1",
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of wind, weather) strong, sharp"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of wind"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 3 2 13 1 1 5 0 3 1 5 0 8 7 1 7 7 8 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 3 10 2 0 5 0 4 1 7 0 7 8 1 7 5 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 3 11 2 1 7 1 3 1 6 1 8 7 1 7 6 7 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "very close one by the other",
"text": "cieti citu pie citas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-PRmNISML",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
],
[
"cieši",
"cieši#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverbial form; objects; adverbial form; objects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverbial form; of people, objects) tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 6 5 10 0 1 5 7 2 1 6 0 3 6 5 3 2 7 23",
"sense": "of \"thick\", \"concentrated (look)\", \"strong (movement)\", \"sleep\", \"close together\"",
"word": "ciešs"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsiɛ̂ts]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciets.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "16 17 13 13 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 3 8 3 1 2 1 1",
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stings"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 17 13 13 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 3 8 3 1 2 1 1",
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 17 13 13 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 3 8 3 1 2 1 1",
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stīvs"
}
],
"word": "ciets"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "liquid",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"of \"state of matter\"\"",
"word": "šķidrs"
},
{
"english": "gaseous",
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"of \"state of matter\"\"",
"word": "gāzveidīgs"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of \"of \"hard\", including \"hard water\"\"",
"word": "mīksts"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian adjectives with irregular adverbial forms",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latvian terms with audio links",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with broken intonation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cietība"
},
{
"word": "cietums"
},
{
"word": "cietviela"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kietas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kietas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*keitas"
},
"expansion": "*keitas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*key-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set in motion, to move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*keityas"
},
"expansion": "*keityas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kietyas"
},
"expansion": "*kietyas",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciešs",
"3": "",
"4": "tight"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ciešs (“tight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kietas",
"3": "kíetas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kíetas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "kit"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian kit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "keytaro",
"3": "",
"4": "hail, greeting"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čitъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čitъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "чи́тый",
"3": "",
"4": "sober"
},
"expansion": "чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȉt",
"3": "",
"4": "healthy, whole"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kietas, from *keitas, from Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s. A parallel form with -tyo-s (*keityas, *kietyas) yielded Latvian ciešs (“tight”). Meaning change: “moving” > “happy, safe, healthy” > “strong, rigid” > “hard.” Cognates include Lithuanian kíetas, Sudovian kit, Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”), Proto-Slavic *čitъ (dialectal чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”), Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cietais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "cietāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viscietākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "ciet",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "viscietākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "cieti, ciet",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "cietais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "cietāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": ""
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciet",
"adv": "cieti, ciet"
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciet",
"extrawidth": "-100"
},
"name": "lv-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciešs"
},
{
"word": "ciet"
},
{
"word": "cietoksnis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"lv:Physics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solid substance",
"text": "cieta viela, cietviela",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "solid bodies",
"text": "cieti ķermeņi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "solid fuel",
"text": "cietais kurināmais",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "solid state",
"text": "ciets agregātstāvoklis",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid (having stable form)"
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"stable",
"stable#English"
],
[
"form",
"form#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) solid (having stable form)"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard, solid mineral, metal",
"text": "ciets minerāls, metāls",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, solid steel, granite",
"text": "ciets tērauds, granīts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, solid diamond, blade",
"text": "ciets diamants, asmens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)",
"text": "ciets zīmulis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, solid as rock",
"text": "ciets kā akmens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "not all stones are equally hard",
"text": "visi akmeņi nebūt nav vienādi cieti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (difficult to split, crush, bend, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"split",
"split#English"
],
[
"crush",
"crush#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard soil, ground, meadow",
"text": "cieta augsne, grunts, pļava",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard clay",
"text": "ciets māls",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, soild foundation",
"text": "ciets pamats",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed",
"text": "uzplēsti seši hektāri cietajā stepes zemē",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (having a layer of rock, or snow, or ice)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"rock",
"rock#English"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solid canvas",
"text": "ciets audekls",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard sheepskin",
"text": "cieta aitāda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard boot",
"text": "ciets zābaks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he wore a dickey with a hard collar",
"text": "viņš nēsāja uzkreklus ar cietām apkaklītēm",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"fold",
"fold#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"made",
"make#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cloth",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of fabric, cloth) hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of fabric"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard sofa, pillow",
"text": "ciets dīvāns, spilvens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard bed, back (of chair)",
"text": "cieta gulta, atzveltne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "that chair is too hard for me",
"text": "tas krēsls man par cietu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"furniture",
"furniture"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#English"
],
[
"resistant",
"resistant#English"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cushions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of furniture, cushions, etc.) hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of furniture"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard tissue",
"text": "citie audi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ciets kauls ― hard bone",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard skin",
"text": "cieta āda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard palate",
"text": "cietās aukslējas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(his) hands were full of hard blisters",
"text": "rokas bija pilnas cietu tulznu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"links": [
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "tissue",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of body parts, tissue) hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of body parts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard hands",
"text": "cietas rokas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard palm (of hand)",
"text": "cieta plauksta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hands, their skin) hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hands"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "thick beard",
"text": "cieta bārda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "thick mustache",
"text": "cietas ūsas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thick, strong"
],
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hair) thick, strong"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hair"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard tree, oak",
"text": "ciets koks, ozols",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard trunk, branch",
"text": "ciets stumbrs, zars",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard grain",
"text": "ciets grauds",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron",
"text": "šo koku koksne pusotras reizes cietāka par dzelzi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze#English"
],
[
"trim",
"trim#English"
],
[
"prune",
"prune#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of plants) hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of plants"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard meat, bread",
"text": "cieta gaļa, maize",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard cheese",
"text": "ciets siers",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard (boiled) egg",
"text": "cieta ola",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bite",
"bite#English"
],
[
"chew",
"chew#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard, tough character",
"text": "ciets raksturs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard, tough nature",
"text": "cieta daba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)",
"text": "cieta sirds",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)",
"text": "viņš bija ciets cilvēks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hard look",
"text": "ciets skatiens",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "his facial expression was hard and relentless",
"text": "viņa sejas izteiksme bija cieta un nepielūdzama",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"determined",
"determined#English"
],
[
"uncompromising",
"uncompromising#English"
],
[
"ruthless",
"ruthless#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "will; their behavior; will; their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of character, will; of people, their behavior) hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of character",
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground",
"text": "kad pēc vēja brāzmas viņš pacēla seju augstāk, tā bija kļuvusi pelēki cieta ka sastingusi zeme",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"qualifier": "their features",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of faces, their features) hard, stiff"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of faces"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "solemn promise",
"text": "ciets solījums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath",
"text": "kluss vīru pulks... viss gvarda vārdos teikts; vien cietam zvērestam ceļ katrs roku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"promises",
"promises"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"inalterable",
"inalterable"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "ideas; promisess; ideas; promisess",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thoughts, ideas, promisess) hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thoughts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian colloquialisms",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "rigid wage, salary",
"text": "cieta alga",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "rigid prices",
"text": "cietas cenas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
],
[
"arbitrarily",
"arbitrary#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with calm, strong steps he came closer",
"text": "mierigiem, cietiem soļiem viņš nāca tuvāk",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate",
"text": "mātes skāviens ir karsts, ciets, izmisīgs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, determined"
],
"links": [
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of movements) hard, strong, determined"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of movements"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep",
"text": "visa nakts tad bija pavadīta cietā, veselīgā miegā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sleep) tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sleep"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "hard water is not appropriate for washing",
"text": "ciets ūdens mazgāšanai nav derīgs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"contain",
"contain#English"
],
[
"salt",
"salt#English"
],
[
"calcium",
"calcium#English"
],
[
"magnesium",
"magnesium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of water) hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper",
"text": "jūra bija balta un ziemeļu vējš kļuva aizvien cietāks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say",
"text": "ja priedes tā šūpojas, tad ir vētra, ciets laiks, kā saka tēvs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, sharp"
],
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of wind, weather) strong, sharp"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of wind"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "very close one by the other",
"text": "cieti citu pie citas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
],
[
"cieši",
"cieši#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverbial form; objects; adverbial form; objects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverbial form; of people, objects) tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsiɛ̂ts]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciets.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stings"
},
{
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stīvs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"thick\", \"concentrated (look)\", \"strong (movement)\", \"sleep\", \"close together\"",
"word": "ciešs"
}
],
"word": "ciets"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.