See cietums on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cietums meaning in All languages combined (6.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciets",
"3": "ums",
"gloss1": "hard, solid"
},
"expansion": "ciets (“hard, solid”) + -ums",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ciets (“hard, solid”) + -ums.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cietums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cietums m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "cietums m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cietum",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cietum",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cietums",
"10": "cietumiem",
"11": "cietumā",
"12": "cietumos",
"13": "cietum",
"14": "cietumi",
"2": "cietumi",
"3": "cietumu",
"4": "cietumus",
"5": "cietuma",
"6": "cietumu",
"7": "cietumam",
"8": "cietumiem",
"9": "cietumu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietība"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to lock (someone) up in prison",
"text": "ieslodzīt cietumā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "prison cell",
"text": "cietuma kamera",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prison (government institution where people are kept before trial, or while serving their sentences after trial)"
],
"id": "en-cietums-lv-noun-jWSTEG8T",
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
],
[
"government",
"government#English"
],
[
"institution",
"institution#English"
],
[
"people",
"people#English"
],
[
"kept",
"kept#English"
],
[
"trial",
"trial#English"
],
[
"serving",
"serve#English"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 46 13 6 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 31 16 14 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian terms suffixed with -ums",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "czarist Russia is the prison of peoples, nations",
"text": "cariskā Krievija ir tautu cietums",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prison (place where freedom of movement is limited, where living conditions are difficult)"
],
"id": "en-cietums-lv-noun-V7cIBSJq",
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"freedom",
"freedom#English"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
],
[
"limited",
"limited#English"
],
[
"living conditions",
"living conditions#English"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) prison (place where freedom of movement is limited, where living conditions are difficult)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the hardness of a substance",
"text": "vielas cietums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the hardness of a physical body",
"text": "fizikāla ķermeņa cietums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the hardness of granite",
"text": "granīta cietums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hair properties, for instance, its thickness and roughness, are to a certain extent dependent on heredity",
"text": "matu īpašības, piemēram, to cietums un rupjums, zināmā mērā ir atkarīgas no iedzimtības",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardness, solidity, thickness (the quality of that which is hard, solid)"
],
"id": "en-cietums-lv-noun-td4O9zFz",
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"solidity",
"solidity"
],
[
"thickness",
"thickness"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"hard",
"hard#English"
],
[
"solid",
"solid#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the singular) hardness, solidity, thickness (the quality of that which is hard, solid)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a hard spot, lump on the palm of the hand",
"text": "cietums delnā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "subcutaneous lumps, hard spots",
"text": "zemādas cietumi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard spot, lump (in the human body)"
],
"id": "en-cietums-lv-noun-US4VMDM3",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to reduce the hardness of the water",
"text": "samazināt ūdens cietumu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardness (the quality of containing salts of calcium or magnesium)"
],
"id": "en-cietums-lv-noun-mDzThbb~",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"contain",
"contain#English"
],
[
"salt",
"salt#English"
],
[
"calcium",
"calcium#English"
],
[
"magnesium",
"magnesium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly singular; of water) hardness (the quality of containing salts of calcium or magnesium)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cietums"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms suffixed with -ums"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciets",
"3": "ums",
"gloss1": "hard, solid"
},
"expansion": "ciets (“hard, solid”) + -ums",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ciets (“hard, solid”) + -ums.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "cietums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietumi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cietums m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "cietums m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cietum",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cietum",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cietums",
"10": "cietumiem",
"11": "cietumā",
"12": "cietumos",
"13": "cietum",
"14": "cietumi",
"2": "cietumi",
"3": "cietumu",
"4": "cietumus",
"5": "cietuma",
"6": "cietumu",
"7": "cietumam",
"8": "cietumiem",
"9": "cietumu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cietība"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to lock (someone) up in prison",
"text": "ieslodzīt cietumā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "prison cell",
"text": "cietuma kamera",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prison (government institution where people are kept before trial, or while serving their sentences after trial)"
],
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
],
[
"government",
"government#English"
],
[
"institution",
"institution#English"
],
[
"people",
"people#English"
],
[
"kept",
"kept#English"
],
[
"trial",
"trial#English"
],
[
"serving",
"serve#English"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "czarist Russia is the prison of peoples, nations",
"text": "cariskā Krievija ir tautu cietums",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prison (place where freedom of movement is limited, where living conditions are difficult)"
],
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
],
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"freedom",
"freedom#English"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
],
[
"limited",
"limited#English"
],
[
"living conditions",
"living conditions#English"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) prison (place where freedom of movement is limited, where living conditions are difficult)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the hardness of a substance",
"text": "vielas cietums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the hardness of a physical body",
"text": "fizikāla ķermeņa cietums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the hardness of granite",
"text": "granīta cietums",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hair properties, for instance, its thickness and roughness, are to a certain extent dependent on heredity",
"text": "matu īpašības, piemēram, to cietums un rupjums, zināmā mērā ir atkarīgas no iedzimtības",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardness, solidity, thickness (the quality of that which is hard, solid)"
],
"links": [
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"solidity",
"solidity"
],
[
"thickness",
"thickness"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"hard",
"hard#English"
],
[
"solid",
"solid#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the singular) hardness, solidity, thickness (the quality of that which is hard, solid)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a hard spot, lump on the palm of the hand",
"text": "cietums delnā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "subcutaneous lumps, hard spots",
"text": "zemādas cietumi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard spot, lump (in the human body)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to reduce the hardness of the water",
"text": "samazināt ūdens cietumu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardness (the quality of containing salts of calcium or magnesium)"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hardness",
"hardness"
],
[
"quality",
"quality#English"
],
[
"contain",
"contain#English"
],
[
"salt",
"salt#English"
],
[
"calcium",
"calcium#English"
],
[
"magnesium",
"magnesium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly singular; of water) hardness (the quality of containing salts of calcium or magnesium)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "cietums"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.