See ciešs on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of clothes, ties”",
"word": "brīvs"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciets",
"3": "",
"4": "hard, solid"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ciets (“hard, solid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*key-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set in motion, to move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*keityas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *keityas",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the same stem as Latvian ciets (“hard, solid”), from which it was a variant yo-stem: Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with a variant -tyo-s of an (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s > Proto-Baltic *keityas > *kietyas > ciešs. It is also possible that the adverbial form cieti of ciets first gave rise to a variant *cieši via palatalization, from which came the adjective ciešs. In some dialects, ciešs still means the same as ciets, but in the standard literary language they are semantically distinct.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciešais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visciešākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieši",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visciešākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "cieši",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "ciešais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "ciešāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ciešs (definite ciešais, comparative ciešāks, superlative visciešākais, adverb cieši)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cieš"
},
"expansion": "ciešs (definite ciešais, comparative ciešāks, superlative visciešākais, adverb cieši)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 13 12 11 4 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight fabric, cloth",
"text": "ciešs audums",
"translation": "tight fabric, cloth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "tight, dense inflorescence",
"text": "cieša ziedkopa",
"translation": "tight, dense inflorescence",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight stacking, winding",
"text": "ciešs krāvums, tinums",
"translation": "tight stacking, winding",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dense, tight (with component parts that are linked or very close to each other)"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-~3S5iP~u",
"links": [
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"component",
"component#English"
],
[
"part",
"part#English"
],
[
"link",
"link#English"
],
[
"very",
"very#English"
],
[
"close",
"close#English"
],
[
"each other",
"each other#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 13 12 11 4 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
19
],
[
21,
26
]
],
"english": "to stand in a tight, close circle",
"text": "sastāties ciešā lokā",
"translation": "to stand in a tight, close circle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "tight, close column",
"text": "cieša kolonna",
"translation": "tight, close column",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, close (with people standing close to each other)"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-fzSR04WL",
"links": [
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"people",
"people#English"
],
[
"stand",
"stand#English"
],
[
"close",
"close#English"
],
[
"each other",
"each other#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 13 12 11 4 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "as (lit. in) a close family we will win the fight",
"text": "ciešā saimē izcīnīsim cīņu",
"translation": "as (lit. in) a close family we will win the fight",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close, united"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-rH640R0r",
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"united",
"united"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) close, united"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 13 12 11 4 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight bond, knot",
"text": "ciešs līmējums, mezgls",
"translation": "tight bond, knot",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight collar",
"text": "cieša apkaklīte",
"translation": "tight collar",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, close (strongly bound, tied)"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-x1iq01eR",
"links": [
[
"clothes",
"clothes"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"bound",
"bind#English"
],
[
"tie",
"tie#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "ties",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of clothes, ties, etc.) tight, close (strongly bound, tied)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clothes"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 13 12 11 4 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight handshake",
"text": "ciešs rokas spiediens",
"translation": "tight handshake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"english": "to clech one's teeth tight",
"text": "cieši sakost zobus",
"translation": "to clech one's teeth tight",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, strong, determined"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-ZORfB2Dv",
"links": [
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of movements) tight, strong, determined"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of movements"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "close cooperation",
"text": "cieša sadarbība",
"translation": "close cooperation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "close ties with the team",
"text": "ciešas saites ar kolektīvu",
"translation": "close ties with the team",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"english": "to maintain close contact, relations with friendly countries",
"text": "uzturēt ciešus sakarus ar draudzīgām zemēm",
"translation": "to maintain close contact, relations with friendly countries",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, close, strong"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-YXr6wRXW",
"links": [
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of relations) tight, close, strong"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of relations"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "strong belief, faith, agreement",
"text": "cieša parliecība, ticība, noruna",
"translation": "strong belief, faith, agreement",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "solemn promise",
"text": "ciešs solījums",
"translation": "solemn promise",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, strong, rigid, unalterable"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-utr28bFv",
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"unalterable",
"unalterable"
]
],
"qualifier": "ideas; promises; ideas; promises",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thoughts, ideas, promises) tight, strong, rigid, unalterable"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thoughts"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
52,
57
]
],
"english": "he had heard nothing during the night, (he) slept a tight sleep",
"text": "viņš gan naktī neesot nekā dzirdējis, gulējis ciešu miegu",
"translation": "he had heard nothing during the night, (he) slept a tight sleep",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, deep"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-GjPbqEI-",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sleep) tight, deep"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sleep"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 13 12 11 4 4 4 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
27,
32
],
[
34,
46
]
],
"english": "Frickalns' gray eyes had a tight, concentrated look, as if he were studying what his conversation partner did not say",
"text": "Frickalna pelēkajām acīm arvien bija ciešs skatiens, it kā viņš pētītu to, ko sarunu biedrs nepasaka",
"translation": "Frickalns' gray eyes had a tight, concentrated look, as if he were studying what his conversation partner did not say",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, hard, attentive, concentrated"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-uc0ATrEH",
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"attentive",
"attentive"
],
[
"concentrate",
"concentrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of looks) tight, hard, attentive, concentrated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of looks"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 12 8 9 9 2 4 2 7 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 14 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 16 6 13 0 0 0 12 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 5 8 3 6 0 0 0 6 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"english": "to come very close",
"text": "pienākt cieši klāt",
"translation": "to come very close",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "to sit close together",
"text": "sēdēt cieši kopā",
"translation": "to sit close together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tightly close, very near (syn. ciets)"
],
"id": "en-ciešs-lv-adj-1DsebiUy",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"ciets",
"ciets#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverbial form; objects; adverbial form; objects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverbial form; of people, objects) tightly close, very near (syn. ciets)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsiɛ̂ʃ]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciešs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Lv-riga-cie%C5%A1s.ogg/Lv-riga-cie%C5%A1s.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Lv-riga-cie%C5%A1s.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "44 46 2 2 0 2 0 0 0 4",
"sense": "of \"with parts very close to each other\"",
"word": "blīvs"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 10 9 9 12 7 0 15 13",
"sense": "of \"sleep\", \"close by\", \"strong (movement)\", \"concentrated (look)\"",
"word": "ciets"
}
],
"word": "ciešs"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of clothes, ties”",
"word": "brīvs"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciets",
"3": "",
"4": "hard, solid"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ciets (“hard, solid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*key-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set in motion, to move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*keityas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *keityas",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the same stem as Latvian ciets (“hard, solid”), from which it was a variant yo-stem: Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with a variant -tyo-s of an (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s > Proto-Baltic *keityas > *kietyas > ciešs. It is also possible that the adverbial form cieti of ciets first gave rise to a variant *cieši via palatalization, from which came the adjective ciešs. In some dialects, ciešs still means the same as ciets, but in the standard literary language they are semantically distinct.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciešais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "visciešākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieši",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieši",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieša",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešajās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciešās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "visciešākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "cieši",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "ciešais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "ciešāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ciešs (definite ciešais, comparative ciešāks, superlative visciešākais, adverb cieši)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cieš"
},
"expansion": "ciešs (definite ciešais, comparative ciešāks, superlative visciešākais, adverb cieši)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight fabric, cloth",
"text": "ciešs audums",
"translation": "tight fabric, cloth",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "tight, dense inflorescence",
"text": "cieša ziedkopa",
"translation": "tight, dense inflorescence",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight stacking, winding",
"text": "ciešs krāvums, tinums",
"translation": "tight stacking, winding",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dense, tight (with component parts that are linked or very close to each other)"
],
"links": [
[
"dense",
"dense"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"component",
"component#English"
],
[
"part",
"part#English"
],
[
"link",
"link#English"
],
[
"very",
"very#English"
],
[
"close",
"close#English"
],
[
"each other",
"each other#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
19
],
[
21,
26
]
],
"english": "to stand in a tight, close circle",
"text": "sastāties ciešā lokā",
"translation": "to stand in a tight, close circle",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
],
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "tight, close column",
"text": "cieša kolonna",
"translation": "tight, close column",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, close (with people standing close to each other)"
],
"links": [
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"people",
"people#English"
],
[
"stand",
"stand#English"
],
[
"close",
"close#English"
],
[
"each other",
"each other#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "as (lit. in) a close family we will win the fight",
"text": "ciešā saimē izcīnīsim cīņu",
"translation": "as (lit. in) a close family we will win the fight",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close, united"
],
"links": [
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"united",
"united"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) close, united"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight bond, knot",
"text": "ciešs līmējums, mezgls",
"translation": "tight bond, knot",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight collar",
"text": "cieša apkaklīte",
"translation": "tight collar",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, close (strongly bound, tied)"
],
"links": [
[
"clothes",
"clothes"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"bound",
"bind#English"
],
[
"tie",
"tie#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "ties",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of clothes, ties, etc.) tight, close (strongly bound, tied)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of clothes"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "tight handshake",
"text": "ciešs rokas spiediens",
"translation": "tight handshake",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
26
]
],
"english": "to clech one's teeth tight",
"text": "cieši sakost zobus",
"translation": "to clech one's teeth tight",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, strong, determined"
],
"links": [
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of movements) tight, strong, determined"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of movements"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "close cooperation",
"text": "cieša sadarbība",
"translation": "close cooperation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "close ties with the team",
"text": "ciešas saites ar kolektīvu",
"translation": "close ties with the team",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"english": "to maintain close contact, relations with friendly countries",
"text": "uzturēt ciešus sakarus ar draudzīgām zemēm",
"translation": "to maintain close contact, relations with friendly countries",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, close, strong"
],
"links": [
[
"relation",
"relation"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of relations) tight, close, strong"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of relations"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "strong belief, faith, agreement",
"text": "cieša parliecība, ticība, noruna",
"translation": "strong belief, faith, agreement",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "solemn promise",
"text": "ciešs solījums",
"translation": "solemn promise",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, strong, rigid, unalterable"
],
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"promise",
"promise"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"unalterable",
"unalterable"
]
],
"qualifier": "ideas; promises; ideas; promises",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thoughts, ideas, promises) tight, strong, rigid, unalterable"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thoughts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
51
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
52,
57
]
],
"english": "he had heard nothing during the night, (he) slept a tight sleep",
"text": "viņš gan naktī neesot nekā dzirdējis, gulējis ciešu miegu",
"translation": "he had heard nothing during the night, (he) slept a tight sleep",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, deep"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sleep) tight, deep"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sleep"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
27,
32
],
[
34,
46
]
],
"english": "Frickalns' gray eyes had a tight, concentrated look, as if he were studying what his conversation partner did not say",
"text": "Frickalna pelēkajām acīm arvien bija ciešs skatiens, it kā viņš pētītu to, ko sarunu biedrs nepasaka",
"translation": "Frickalns' gray eyes had a tight, concentrated look, as if he were studying what his conversation partner did not say",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight, hard, attentive, concentrated"
],
"links": [
[
"look",
"look"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"attentive",
"attentive"
],
[
"concentrate",
"concentrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of looks) tight, hard, attentive, concentrated"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of looks"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
18
]
],
"english": "to come very close",
"text": "pienākt cieši klāt",
"translation": "to come very close",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"english": "to sit close together",
"text": "sēdēt cieši kopā",
"translation": "to sit close together",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tightly close, very near (syn. ciets)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"ciets",
"ciets#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverbial form; objects; adverbial form; objects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverbial form; of people, objects) tightly close, very near (syn. ciets)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsiɛ̂ʃ]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciešs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Lv-riga-cie%C5%A1s.ogg/Lv-riga-cie%C5%A1s.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Lv-riga-cie%C5%A1s.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of \"with parts very close to each other\"",
"word": "blīvs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"sleep\", \"close by\", \"strong (movement)\", \"concentrated (look)\"",
"word": "ciets"
}
],
"word": "ciešs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciešs meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciešs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciešs",
"trace": "started on line 163, detected on line 163"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"ciešs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciešs",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.