See chleb on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pl",
"3": "chleb"
},
"expansion": "Polish chleb",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "khleb",
"3": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of khleb and loaf",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Polish chleb. Doublet of khleb and loaf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chleb (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "93 5 2",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Noëlle Janaczewska, “Historia”, in Peta Tait, Elizabeth Schafer, editors, Australian Women’s Drama: Texts and Feminisms (Currency Plays), Sydney, N.S.W.: Currency Press, →ISBN, page 280:",
"text": "Upstairs at the Polish Club / Among plastic palms and gossip, / While Wujiu Jerzy / Sells kielbasy and chleb—[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Tarisa Ann M. Matsumoto, “Zoltan’s Food”, in Shadowgraph and Zoltan’s Food, Ames, Ia.: Iowa State University, →DOI, →OCLC, section “Advent of Red”, page 55:",
"text": "[…] dough for the chleb beaten down with imprints of her fists and knuckles […] the moist ferment staring at her in anticipation of being molded baked buttered into something fantastic succulent artistic slices of chleb […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Helen McCourt Mentek, “The Wheel of Life”, in Ripples on a Puddle: A Collection of Short Stories, Victoria, B.C.: Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 228:",
"text": "Mountains of chleb teetered on plates.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Polly Courtney, chapter 15, in Poles Apart, Leicester: Matador, →ISBN, page 81:",
"text": "In the safety of her bedroom, with a litre of water and a slice of chleb inside her, things felt better again.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Michel Faber, “Since You Last Visited Sopot”, in Undying: A Love Story, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, →ISBN:",
"text": "The diner where the soup was almost free (three zloty, with chleb and margarine) has closed, dumping its coarse clientele into history.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Polish bread."
],
"id": "en-chleb-en-noun-mkZzj8vs",
"links": [
[
"Polish",
"Polish"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Polish bread."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "chleb"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebno"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebaczek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebodawca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlebodawczyni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "głodnemu chleb na myśli"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pochlebiać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pochlebić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "schlebiać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "schlebić"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chleb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chleb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chleb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "English loaf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Laib"
},
"expansion": "German Laib",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "leivur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese leivur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klaips"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klaips",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "leipä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish leipä",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), English loaf, German Laib, Faroese leivur, Latvian klaips, and Finnish leipä.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chlebek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebuś",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chleb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chleby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chleba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chleb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chleby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chleby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chlebek",
"dim2": "chlebuś"
},
"expansion": "chleb m inan (diminutive chlebek or chlebuś)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"chleb"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chle",
"2": "b",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chleb baltonowski"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Breads",
"orig": "pl:Breads",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "pl:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a slice of bread",
"text": "kromka chleba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a loaf of bread",
"text": "bochenek chleba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "whole-meal bread",
"text": "chleb razowy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"id": "en-chleb-pl-noun-mFYEwrYC",
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"work, job"
],
"id": "en-chleb-pl-noun-j72bMJoq",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"job",
"job"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) work, job"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xlɛp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛp"
}
],
"word": "chleb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Breads",
"pl:Foods"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pl",
"3": "chleb"
},
"expansion": "Polish chleb",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "khleb",
"3": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of khleb and loaf",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Polish chleb. Doublet of khleb and loaf.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chleb (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Polish",
"English terms derived from Polish",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, Noëlle Janaczewska, “Historia”, in Peta Tait, Elizabeth Schafer, editors, Australian Women’s Drama: Texts and Feminisms (Currency Plays), Sydney, N.S.W.: Currency Press, →ISBN, page 280:",
"text": "Upstairs at the Polish Club / Among plastic palms and gossip, / While Wujiu Jerzy / Sells kielbasy and chleb—[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Tarisa Ann M. Matsumoto, “Zoltan’s Food”, in Shadowgraph and Zoltan’s Food, Ames, Ia.: Iowa State University, →DOI, →OCLC, section “Advent of Red”, page 55:",
"text": "[…] dough for the chleb beaten down with imprints of her fists and knuckles […] the moist ferment staring at her in anticipation of being molded baked buttered into something fantastic succulent artistic slices of chleb […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Helen McCourt Mentek, “The Wheel of Life”, in Ripples on a Puddle: A Collection of Short Stories, Victoria, B.C.: Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 228:",
"text": "Mountains of chleb teetered on plates.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Polly Courtney, chapter 15, in Poles Apart, Leicester: Matador, →ISBN, page 81:",
"text": "In the safety of her bedroom, with a litre of water and a slice of chleb inside her, things felt better again.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 July 7, Michel Faber, “Since You Last Visited Sopot”, in Undying: A Love Story, Edinburgh: Canongate Books, →ISBN:",
"text": "The diner where the soup was almost free (three zloty, with chleb and margarine) has closed, dumping its coarse clientele into history.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Polish bread."
],
"links": [
[
"Polish",
"Polish"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Polish bread."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "chleb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛp",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛp/1 syllable",
"pl:Breads",
"pl:Foods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chlebny"
},
{
"word": "chlebowy"
},
{
"word": "chlebno"
},
{
"word": "chlebaczek"
},
{
"word": "chlebak"
},
{
"word": "chlebodawca"
},
{
"word": "chlebodawczyni"
},
{
"word": "głodnemu chleb na myśli"
},
{
"word": "pochlebiać"
},
{
"word": "pochlebić"
},
{
"word": "schlebiać"
},
{
"word": "schlebić"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chleb",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: chleb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: chleb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xlěbъ"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlaibaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loaf"
},
"expansion": "English loaf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Laib"
},
"expansion": "German Laib",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "leivur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese leivur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "klaips"
},
"expansion": "Latvian klaips",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "leipä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish leipä",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlěbъ, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. Compare Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), English loaf, German Laib, Faroese leivur, Latvian klaips, and Finnish leipä.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chlebek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebuś",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chleb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chleby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chleba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chleb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chleby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chlebie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chleby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chlebek",
"dim2": "chlebuś"
},
"expansion": "chleb m inan (diminutive chlebek or chlebuś)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"chleb"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chle",
"2": "b",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chleb baltonowski"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a slice of bread",
"text": "kromka chleba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a loaf of bread",
"text": "bochenek chleba",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "whole-meal bread",
"text": "chleb razowy",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bread"
],
"links": [
[
"bread",
"bread"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"work, job"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"job",
"job"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) work, job"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xlɛp/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛp"
}
],
"word": "chleb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chleb meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.