See charmer on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for charmer meaning in All languages combined (29.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "charmer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English charmer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "charmere"
},
"expansion": "charmere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "charm + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English charmer, charmere, equivalent to charm + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "charmers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "charmer (plural charmers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "charm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "charming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "snake charmer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 3 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 5 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 38 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A charming person; one who charms or seduces; a smoothie."
],
"id": "en-charmer-en-noun-Tws4X1wF",
"links": [
[
"charming",
"charming"
],
[
"charm",
"charm"
],
[
"seduce",
"seduce"
],
[
"smoothie",
"smoothie"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "magjosnik",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "магьосник"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"word": "hurmuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Charmeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Charmeurin"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dēlēnītor"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czaruś"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"rare"
],
"word": "șarmeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "druidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encantador"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "encantadora"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "charmör"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 2 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tjusare"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 38 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An enchanter or magician."
],
"id": "en-charmer-en-noun-h6CDMUHw",
"links": [
[
"enchanter",
"enchanter"
],
[
"magician",
"magician"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an enchanter or magician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaklinacz"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 3 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 2 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 5 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 38 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 27, The G2 Supplement, “Best slapdowns of 2012”, in The Guardian",
"text": "What a charmer, Karl Lagerfeld",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rude or unpleasant person."
],
"id": "en-charmer-en-noun-RRoRn1mB",
"links": [
[
"ironic",
"irony"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ironic) A rude or unpleasant person."
],
"tags": [
"ironic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɑɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-charmer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"charmer"
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "charmer c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "charme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of charme"
],
"id": "en-charmer-da-noun-2~~YiNSd",
"links": [
[
"charme",
"charme#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "charme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of charme"
],
"id": "en-charmer-da-verb-uqn1obxV",
"links": [
[
"charme",
"charme#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "charmere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of charmere"
],
"id": "en-charmer-da-verb-vDahH26r",
"links": [
[
"charmere",
"charmere#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ciurmare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: ciurmare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: ciurmare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "charme"
},
"expansion": "charme",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From charme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "charmer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "charmant",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmé",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmait",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmaient",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmai",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmas",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charma",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmâmes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmâtes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmèrent",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerai",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeras",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmera",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerons",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeront",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerait",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeraient",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasse",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasses",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmât",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassiez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassent",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmeresse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmeuse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to charm (with magic)"
],
"id": "en-charmer-fr-verb-XwlIgtAh",
"links": [
[
"charm",
"charm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to charm"
],
"id": "en-charmer-fr-verb-uzNFczaC",
"links": [
[
"charm",
"charm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-charmer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Fr-charmer.ogg/Fr-charmer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Fr-charmer.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charmer"
},
"expansion": "English: charmer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: charmer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chairmer"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chairmer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chairmer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "charmier"
},
"expansion": "Old French charmier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "charmen",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "charmen + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French charmier; equivalent to charmen + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "charmeres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "charmeres"
},
"expansion": "charmer (plural charmeres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occult",
"orig": "enm:Occult",
"parents": [
"Forteana",
"Religion",
"Pseudoscience",
"Culture",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mage or spellcaster; an individual who uses magic."
],
"id": "en-charmer-enm-noun-NGr-6f4o",
"links": [
[
"spellcaster",
"spellcaster"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"One who intrigues or interests others."
],
"id": "en-charmer-enm-noun-PjmPdvN6",
"links": [
[
"intrigues",
"intrigues"
],
[
"interests",
"interests"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) One who intrigues or interests others."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʃarmɛr/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "charmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chermar"
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "nciarmare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Neapolitan: nciarmare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Neapolitan: nciarmare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "ciarmari",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: ciarmari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: ciarmari"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "carmino",
"4": "carmināre",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin carmināre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "carmino",
"4": "carmināre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin carmināre",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin carmināre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "charmer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir charmé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en charmant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "charmant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "charm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmevent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "charmastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "charm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chars",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chart",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs ending in -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French verbs with weak-a preterite",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to charm; to enchant (put under a magic spell)"
],
"id": "en-charmer-fro-verb-iw6CQyJu",
"links": [
[
"charm",
"charm"
],
[
"enchant",
"enchant"
]
]
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish noun forms",
"Danish terms spelled with C",
"Danish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "charmer c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "charme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite plural of charme"
],
"links": [
[
"charme",
"charme#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish noun forms",
"Danish terms spelled with C",
"Danish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "charme"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present of charme"
],
"links": [
[
"charme",
"charme#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "charmere"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of charmere"
],
"links": [
[
"charmere",
"charmere#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "charmer"
},
"expansion": "Middle English charmer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "charmere"
},
"expansion": "charmere",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charm",
"3": "-er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "charm + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English charmer, charmere, equivalent to charm + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "charmers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "charmer (plural charmers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "charm"
},
{
"word": "charming"
},
{
"word": "snake charmer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A charming person; one who charms or seduces; a smoothie."
],
"links": [
[
"charming",
"charming"
],
[
"charm",
"charm"
],
[
"seduce",
"seduce"
],
[
"smoothie",
"smoothie"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An enchanter or magician."
],
"links": [
[
"enchanter",
"enchanter"
],
[
"magician",
"magician"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 December 27, The G2 Supplement, “Best slapdowns of 2012”, in The Guardian",
"text": "What a charmer, Karl Lagerfeld",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rude or unpleasant person."
],
"links": [
[
"ironic",
"irony"
],
[
"rude",
"rude"
],
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ironic) A rude or unpleasant person."
],
"tags": [
"ironic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃɑɹmɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)mə(ɹ)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-charmer.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-charmer.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "magjosnik",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "магьосник"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"word": "hurmuri"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Charmeur"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Charmeurin"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dēlēnītor"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "czaruś"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"rare"
],
"word": "șarmeur"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "druidh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "encantador"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "encantadora"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "charmör"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a charming person",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tjusare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "an enchanter or magician",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaklinacz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"charmer"
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ciurmare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: ciurmare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: ciurmare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "charme"
},
"expansion": "charme",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From charme.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "charmer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "charmant",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmé",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmait",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmaient",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmai",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmas",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charma",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmâmes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmâtes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmèrent",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerai",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeras",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmera",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerons",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeront",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerais",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerait",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeraient",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mə.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmes",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasse",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasses",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmât",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassions",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassiez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.ma.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassent",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁm/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.mɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "charmant"
},
{
"word": "charme"
},
{
"word": "charmeresse"
},
{
"word": "charmeur"
},
{
"word": "charmeuse"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to charm (with magic)"
],
"links": [
[
"charm",
"charm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to charm"
],
"links": [
[
"charm",
"charm"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃaʁ.me/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-charmer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Fr-charmer.ogg/Fr-charmer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Fr-charmer.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Occult",
"enm:People"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "charmer"
},
"expansion": "English: charmer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: charmer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "chairmer"
},
"expansion": "Scots: chairmer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: chairmer"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "charmier"
},
"expansion": "Old French charmier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "charmen",
"3": "-er"
},
"expansion": "charmen + -er",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French charmier; equivalent to charmen + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "charmeres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "charmeres"
},
"expansion": "charmer (plural charmeres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A mage or spellcaster; an individual who uses magic."
],
"links": [
[
"spellcaster",
"spellcaster"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"One who intrigues or interests others."
],
"links": [
[
"intrigues",
"intrigues"
],
[
"interests",
"interests"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) One who intrigues or interests others."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtʃarmɛr/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "charmere"
},
{
"word": "charmor"
},
{
"word": "charmar"
},
{
"word": "chermar"
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "nciarmare",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Neapolitan: nciarmare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Neapolitan: nciarmare"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "ciarmari",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sicilian: ciarmari",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sicilian: ciarmari"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "carmino",
"4": "carmināre",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin carmināre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "carmino",
"4": "carmināre"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin carmināre",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin carmināre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fro-conj-er",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "charmer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir charmé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "en charmant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "charmant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "charm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeves",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmoent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmevent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmames",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "charmastes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeras",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmera",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmerez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeront",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereies",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeriez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmeroient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmereient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "preterite tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional tense of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "charm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chars",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chart",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charment",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmasses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissiens",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissoiz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmissiez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charmassent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "charme",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "charmons",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "charmez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "charmer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fro-conj-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French first group verbs",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French verbs",
"Old French verbs ending in -er",
"Old French verbs with weak-a preterite"
],
"glosses": [
"to charm; to enchant (put under a magic spell)"
],
"links": [
[
"charm",
"charm"
],
[
"enchant",
"enchant"
]
]
}
],
"word": "charmer"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.