See cùm on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cùm ri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cùm suas ri"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "con·gaib"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish con·gaib",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "coinnigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish coinnigh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "cum"
},
"expansion": "Manx cum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish con·gaib. Cognate with Irish coinnigh and Manx cum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chùm",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cumaidh",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cumta",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cùm",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chùm",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "cumail",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "past participle",
"18": "cumta",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past",
"4": "chùm",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "future",
"8": "cumaidh",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cùm (past chùm, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumail, past participle cumta)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cumaidh",
"past": "chùm",
"pp": "cumta",
"vn": "cumail"
},
"expansion": "cùm (past chùm, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumail, past participle cumta)",
"name": "gd-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Keep this for me till Friday.",
"text": "Cùm seo dhomhsa gu Dihaoine.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She kept the house clean.",
"text": "Chùm i an taigh glan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He didn’t keep [his part of] the bargain.",
"text": "Cha do chùm e ris a’ bhargan.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"keep, hold"
],
"id": "en-cùm-gd-verb-uP25Exhn",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"keep, continue"
],
"id": "en-cùm-gd-verb-EZlcbhlG",
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"continue",
"continue"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰuːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰə̃ʉ̃m]",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰumː/",
"note": "Islay, north and mid Argyll, Lochaber"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰum/",
"note": "Perthshire"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cum"
}
],
"word": "cùm"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "柑",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "柑"
},
"expansion": "cùm • (柑)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "柑"
},
"expansion": "cùm • (柑)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gông cùm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fetters"
],
"id": "en-cùm-vi-noun-yATQgtMn",
"links": [
[
"fetters",
"fetters"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kum˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʊm˨˩]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "cùm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cùm ri"
},
{
"word": "cùm suas ri"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "con·gaib"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish con·gaib",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "coinnigh"
},
"expansion": "Irish coinnigh",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "cum"
},
"expansion": "Manx cum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish con·gaib. Cognate with Irish coinnigh and Manx cum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chùm",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cumaidh",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cumail",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cumta",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cùm",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chùm",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "cumail",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "past participle",
"18": "cumta",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past",
"4": "chùm",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "future",
"8": "cumaidh",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cùm (past chùm, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumail, past participle cumta)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cumaidh",
"past": "chùm",
"pp": "cumta",
"vn": "cumail"
},
"expansion": "cùm (past chùm, future cumaidh, verbal noun cumail, past participle cumta)",
"name": "gd-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Keep this for me till Friday.",
"text": "Cùm seo dhomhsa gu Dihaoine.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She kept the house clean.",
"text": "Chùm i an taigh glan.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He didn’t keep [his part of] the bargain.",
"text": "Cha do chùm e ris a’ bhargan.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"keep, hold"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"keep, continue"
],
"links": [
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"continue",
"continue"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰuːm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʰə̃ʉ̃m]",
"tags": [
"Lewis"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰumː/",
"note": "Islay, north and mid Argyll, Lochaber"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰum/",
"note": "Perthshire"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cum"
}
],
"word": "cùm"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "gông cùm"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "柑",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "柑"
},
"expansion": "cùm • (柑)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "柑"
},
"expansion": "cùm • (柑)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"fetters"
],
"links": [
[
"fetters",
"fetters"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kum˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kum˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kʊm˨˩]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "cùm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cùm meaning in All languages combined (3.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cùm/Scottish Gaelic 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cùm"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cùm",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"cùm"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cùm",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.