chùm in All languages combined

IPA: [t͡ɕum˨˩] [Hà-Nội], [t͡ɕum˦˩] [Huế], [cʊm˨˩] [Hồ-Chí-Minh-City] Forms: 𫇳 [CJK], 森 [CJK] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *ɟuːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bɟum ~ *bɟuum ~ *bɟuəm ~ *bɟəm (“bunch, to gather together”); directly cognate with chòm. See also chụm (“to assemble, to gather together”), cụm (“cluster, bunch”), xúm (“to form group”). Probably related to nhúm, nhóm as well (cf. Proto-Katuic *ɟum (“group”)); this would require the initial to be *ʄ, which in fact sometimes alternated with *ɟ. Compare Khmer ជុំ (cum, “to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together”), Bahnar jum (“around”). Etymology templates: {{inh|vi|mkh-vie-pro|*ɟuːm}} Proto-Vietic *ɟuːm, {{inh|vi|mkh-pro|*bɟum}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *bɟum, {{m|mkh-pro|*bɟuum}} *bɟuum, {{m|mkh-pro|*bɟuəm}} *bɟuəm, {{m|mkh-pro|*bɟəm||bunch, to gather together}} *bɟəm (“bunch, to gather together”), {{m|vi|chòm}} chòm, {{m|vi|chụm||to assemble, to gather together}} chụm (“to assemble, to gather together”), {{m|vi|cụm||cluster, bunch}} cụm (“cluster, bunch”), {{m|vi|xúm||to form group}} xúm (“to form group”), {{m|vi|nhúm}} nhúm, {{m|vi|nhóm}} nhóm, {{cog|mkh-kat-pro|*ɟum||group}} Proto-Katuic *ɟum (“group”), {{cog|km|ជុំ||to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together}} Khmer ជុំ (cum, “to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together”), {{cog|bdq|jum||around}} Bahnar jum (“around”) Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=𫇳, 森}} chùm • (𫇳, 森), {{vi-noun|𫇳, 森}} chùm • (𫇳, 森)

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "chùm",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
  "lang_code": "gd",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "cum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past of cum"
      ],
      "id": "en-chùm-gd-verb-2xxzdCOC",
      "links": [
        [
          "cum",
          "cum#Scottish Gaelic"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xuːm/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chùm"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*ɟuːm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *ɟuːm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*bɟum"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *bɟum",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*bɟuum"
      },
      "expansion": "*bɟuum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*bɟuəm"
      },
      "expansion": "*bɟuəm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*bɟəm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bunch, to gather together"
      },
      "expansion": "*bɟəm (“bunch, to gather together”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "chòm"
      },
      "expansion": "chòm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "chụm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to assemble, to gather together"
      },
      "expansion": "chụm (“to assemble, to gather together”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "cụm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cluster, bunch"
      },
      "expansion": "cụm (“cluster, bunch”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "xúm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to form group"
      },
      "expansion": "xúm (“to form group”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "nhúm"
      },
      "expansion": "nhúm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "nhóm"
      },
      "expansion": "nhóm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-kat-pro",
        "2": "*ɟum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Katuic *ɟum (“group”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ជុំ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ជុំ (cum, “to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdq",
        "2": "jum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "around"
      },
      "expansion": "Bahnar jum (“around”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *ɟuːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bɟum ~ *bɟuum ~ *bɟuəm ~ *bɟəm (“bunch, to gather together”); directly cognate with chòm. See also chụm (“to assemble, to gather together”), cụm (“cluster, bunch”), xúm (“to form group”). Probably related to nhúm, nhóm as well (cf. Proto-Katuic *ɟum (“group”)); this would require the initial to be *ʄ, which in fact sometimes alternated with *ɟ.\nCompare Khmer ជុំ (cum, “to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together”), Bahnar jum (“around”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𫇳",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "森",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𫇳, 森"
      },
      "expansion": "chùm • (𫇳, 森)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𫇳, 森"
      },
      "expansion": "chùm • (𫇳, 森)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cluster, bunch"
      ],
      "id": "en-chùm-vi-noun-KDSZKQgX",
      "links": [
        [
          "cluster",
          "cluster"
        ],
        [
          "bunch",
          "bunch"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "bưởi chùm"
        },
        {
          "word": "chùm bao"
        },
        {
          "word": "chùm ruột"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕum˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕum˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[cʊm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chùm"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "chùm",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
  "lang_code": "gd",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
        "Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Scottish Gaelic verb forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "cum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past of cum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cum",
          "cum#Scottish Gaelic"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/xuːm/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chùm"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*ɟuːm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *ɟuːm",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*bɟum"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *bɟum",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*bɟuum"
      },
      "expansion": "*bɟuum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*bɟuəm"
      },
      "expansion": "*bɟuəm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-pro",
        "2": "*bɟəm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bunch, to gather together"
      },
      "expansion": "*bɟəm (“bunch, to gather together”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "chòm"
      },
      "expansion": "chòm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "chụm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to assemble, to gather together"
      },
      "expansion": "chụm (“to assemble, to gather together”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "cụm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cluster, bunch"
      },
      "expansion": "cụm (“cluster, bunch”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "xúm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to form group"
      },
      "expansion": "xúm (“to form group”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "nhúm"
      },
      "expansion": "nhúm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "nhóm"
      },
      "expansion": "nhóm",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mkh-kat-pro",
        "2": "*ɟum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "group"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Katuic *ɟum (“group”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ជុំ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ជុំ (cum, “to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdq",
        "2": "jum",
        "3": "",
        "4": "around"
      },
      "expansion": "Bahnar jum (“around”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *ɟuːm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bɟum ~ *bɟuum ~ *bɟuəm ~ *bɟəm (“bunch, to gather together”); directly cognate with chòm. See also chụm (“to assemble, to gather together”), cụm (“cluster, bunch”), xúm (“to form group”). Probably related to nhúm, nhóm as well (cf. Proto-Katuic *ɟum (“group”)); this would require the initial to be *ʄ, which in fact sometimes alternated with *ɟ.\nCompare Khmer ជុំ (cum, “to surround, encircle; to assemble, unite, gather together”), Bahnar jum (“around”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "𫇳",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "森",
      "tags": [
        "CJK"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": "𫇳, 森"
      },
      "expansion": "chùm • (𫇳, 森)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "𫇳, 森"
      },
      "expansion": "chùm • (𫇳, 森)",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bưởi chùm"
    },
    {
      "word": "chùm bao"
    },
    {
      "word": "chùm ruột"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
        "Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
        "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cluster, bunch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cluster",
          "cluster"
        ],
        [
          "bunch",
          "bunch"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕum˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[t͡ɕum˦˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[cʊm˨˩]",
      "tags": [
        "Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "chùm"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"chùm" meaning in All languages combined

Verb [Scottish Gaelic]

Noun [Vietnamese]