See bray on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brayer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "braying"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brayingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "outbray"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brayen",
"id": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brayen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "braire",
"t": "of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep"
},
"expansion": "French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*bragiō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *bragiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bragu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bragu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "breugiñ",
"t": "to bray"
},
"expansion": "Breton breugiñ (“to bray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bramma"
},
"expansion": "Cornish bramma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "braigid",
"t": "to flatulate"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*brageti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brageti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-",
"t": "to flatulate; to stink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fragrō",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Latin fragrō (“to smell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brekaną",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out”) (modern French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (“to bray”), brammañ (“to flatulate”), Cornish bramma, brabma (“to flatulate”), Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (“to flatulate”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”); cognate with Latin fragrō (“to smell”). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), and cognate with frangere (“to break, shatter”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb, or from Middle English brai, brait (“shriek; outcry”), from Old French brai, brait (“a cry”), from braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brays",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "braying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bray (third-person singular simple present brays, present participle braying, simple past and past participle brayed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "42 36 21",
"sense": "equine laugh",
"word": "horselaugh"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 12 10 23 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 22 15 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 21 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 22 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 19 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 23 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 21 20 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 24 7 20 12 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Whenever I walked by, that donkey brayed at me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712 April 27 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “WEDNESDAY, April 16, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 354; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume IV, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 293:",
"text": "When she went to the famous ass-race [...], it was not, like other ladies, to hear those poor animals bray, nor see fellows run naked, or to hear country squires in bob wigs and white girdles make love at the side of a coach and cry, \"Madam, this is dainty weather.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1792 July, “Art. II. Interesting Anecdotes of Henry IV. of France. Containing Sublime Traits and Lively Sallies of Wit of that Monarch; […]. Translated from the French. Crown 8vo. 2 Vols. 6s. Boards. Debrett. 1792. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume VIII, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], published 1794, →OCLC, page 249:",
"text": "Henry [IV of France], paſſing through a little town, ſaw ſeveral deputies coming up to harangue him. One of them having commenced his diſcourſe, was interrupted by an aſs, who began to bray. \"Gentlemen,\" cried the King, \"one at a time, if you pleaſe.\"—",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1812, Count de Buffon [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “The Ass”, in William Smellie, transl., Natural History, General and Particular, […]. The History of Man and Quadrupeds: Translated, with Notes and Observations, […] In Twenty Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed for T[homas] Cadell and W[illiam] Davies, […], →OCLC, page 174:",
"text": "The horse neighs, but the ass brays: the last is performed by a very loud, long, disagreeable, discordant cry, consisting of discords alternately sharp and flat. He seldom brays but when pressed with hunger or love. [...] When gelded, the ass brays with a low voice; and, though he makes the same efforts and the same motions of the throat, yet the sound reaches to no great distance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-verb-yJrQopeT",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"ass",
"ass"
],
[
"donkey",
"donkey"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"cry",
"cry#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "blore"
},
{
"english": "ass or donkey",
"word": "hee-haw"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nahaqa",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "نَهَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "anqırmaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "arrantza egin"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "reva kato magare",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "рева като магаре"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "bramar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hýkat"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "balken"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "kiljua"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "hirnua"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "braire (âne)"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ornear"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "iahen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "kreischen"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "schreien"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkarízo",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "γκαρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "brōmáomai",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "βρωμάομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "na'ár",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "נער"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "rymja"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "bramar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "meringkik"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ragliare"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "oncō"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "rudō"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ngehengehe"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ulila"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "braithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ornejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "zurrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"alt": "об осле́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "реве́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "njakati"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "revati"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "híkať"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "rebuznar"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "skria"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "anırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "brefu"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 26 23",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "nadu"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 15 30",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "raḡā",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "رَغَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 15 30",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hadar",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "هَدَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 15 30",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "blatèrement"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 15 30",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ronquido"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 15 30",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "bozlamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 18 22 15 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 21 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 22 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 19 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 23 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 21 20 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He threw back his head and brayed with laughter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1757 August 8, [Thomas] Gray, “The Bard. A Pindaric Ode.”, in Poems by Mr. Gray, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1768, →OCLC, stanza II.3, page 64:",
"text": "Heard ye the din of battle bray, / Lance to lance, and horſe to horſe? / Long Years of havock urge their deſtined courſe, / And thro' the kindred ſquadrons mow their way.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1986, John le Carré [pseudonym; David John Moore Cornwell], A Perfect Spy, London: Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN; 1st Pocket Books trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, January 2003, →ISBN, page 400:",
"text": "\"But, Jack, it's all so circumstantial—you said so yourself,\" Brammel brayed, never stronger than when demonstrating that two positives made a negative.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-verb-pS8oqX9S",
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"discordant",
"discordant"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, by extension) To make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 80 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray",
"word": "kreischen wie ein Esel"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 80 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray",
"word": "schreien wie ein Esel"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 12 10 23 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 22 15 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 21 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 22 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 15 21 16 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 19 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 23 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 21 20 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 24 7 20 12 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 207–211:",
"text": "[N]ow ſtorming furie roſe, / And clamour ſuch as heard in Heav'n till now / Was never, Arms on Armour claſhing bray'd / Horrible discord, and the madding Wheeles / Of brazen Chariots rag'd; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Fifth. The Court.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza V, page 247:",
"text": "Just then the chiefs their tribes arrayed, / And wild and garish semblance made, / The chequered trews, and belted plaid, / And varying notes the war-pipes brayed, / To every varying clan; [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or utter (a shout, sound, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-verb-B6M-ij0k",
"links": [
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"shout",
"shout#Noun"
],
[
"discordantly",
"discordantly"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
],
[
"grating",
"grating#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make or utter (a shout, sound, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 23 66",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kreštja",
"sense": "to make or utter (a shout, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner",
"word": "крещя"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 23 66",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make or utter (a shout, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner",
"word": "kreischen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "breɪ",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-bray.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg/En-us-bray.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "brae"
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brayen",
"id": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brayen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "braire",
"t": "of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep"
},
"expansion": "French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*bragiō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *bragiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bragu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bragu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "breugiñ",
"t": "to bray"
},
"expansion": "Breton breugiñ (“to bray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bramma"
},
"expansion": "Cornish bramma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "braigid",
"t": "to flatulate"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*brageti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brageti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-",
"t": "to flatulate; to stink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fragrō",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Latin fragrō (“to smell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brekaną",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out”) (modern French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (“to bray”), brammañ (“to flatulate”), Cornish bramma, brabma (“to flatulate”), Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (“to flatulate”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”); cognate with Latin fragrō (“to smell”). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), and cognate with frangere (“to break, shatter”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb, or from Middle English brai, brait (“shriek; outcry”), from Old French brai, brait (“a cry”), from braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bray (plural brays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 12 10 23 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 22 15 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 21 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 22 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 19 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 23 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 21 20 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 24 7 20 12 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The cry of an animal, now chiefly that of animals related to the ass or donkey, or the camel."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-noun-pSi2RRmO",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"ass",
"ass"
],
[
"donkey",
"donkey"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "ass or donkey",
"word": "hee-haw"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nahqa",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "نَهْقَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "anqırtı"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "magareški rev",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "магарешки рев"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bram"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hýkání"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zahýkání"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gebalk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "braiment"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Eselsschrei"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rymur"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "bramo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "ringkikan"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "béic"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grág"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raglio"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zerrîn",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "زەڕین"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "ngehengehe"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ornejo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zurro"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rjov osla",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рёв осла"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "njak"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "revanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebuzno"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "anırma"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rev osla",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рев осла"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bref"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brefiad"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nâd"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gweryriad"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "röhren"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "blatérer"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "roncar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "bozlama"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 12 10 23 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 18 22 15 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 15 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 21 21 14 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 22 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 24 19 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 22 19 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 27 19 16 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 22 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 23 17 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 21 20 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 23 16 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 20 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 15 22 17 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 21 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1843, [Douglas William Jerrold], “A Gossip at the Reculvers [from The Chronicles of Clovernook]”, in Douglas [William] Jerrold, editor, The Illuminated Magazine, volume I, London: Published for the proprietors, […], →OCLC, page 143, column 2:",
"text": "It seems a very nest—warm and snug, and green—for human life; with the twilight haze of time about it, almost consecrating it from the aching hopes and feverish expectations of the present. Who would think that the bray and roar of multitudinous London sounded but some sixty miles away?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876 April, “Gosse’s King Erik: King Erik. By Edmund W. Gosse. London: Chatto and Windus. 1876. [book review]”, in The London Quarterly Review, volume XLVI, number XCI, London: Published for the proprietors, at the Wesleyan Conference Office, […], →OCLC, page 257:",
"text": "[...] Mr. [Edmund] Gosse's blank verse is sweet and varied, and full mostly of a graceful melody. If it has not the trumpet's power, neither has it the trumpet's bray, but rather a flute-like tone of its own.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Merline Lovelace, The Last Bullet (Cleo North Trilogy; 3), Ontario: Mira Books, →ISBN, page 15:",
"text": "At full volume, Doreen's whinnying laugh could shatter glass. Even at half volume, her high-pitched brays rattled teeth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any discordant, grating, or harsh sound."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-noun-4b97lDBh",
"links": [
[
"discordant",
"discordant"
],
[
"grating",
"grating#Adjective"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any discordant, grating, or harsh sound."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "breɪ",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-bray.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg/En-us-bray.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "brae"
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to break up"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brayen",
"id": "to break up",
"t": "to break or crush into pieces"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brayen (“to break or crush into pieces”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "breier"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman breier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "breie"
},
"expansion": "Old French breie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "broyer",
"t": "to crush, grind"
},
"expansion": "French broyer (“to crush, grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*brekan",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *brekan (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brekaną",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "break",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of break",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English brayen (“to break or crush into pieces”), from Anglo-Norman breier, Old French breie, breier, broiier (modern French broyer (“to crush, grind”)), possibly from Frankish *brekan (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”); thus making the English word a doublet of break.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brays",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "braying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bray (third-person singular simple present brays, present participle braying, simple past and past participle brayed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 11 14 11 13 31 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 12 10 23 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 10 19 9 11 28 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 14 10 13 34 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 15 11 16 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 12 15 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 9 24 7 20 12 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "en:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 27:22:",
"text": "Though thou ſhouldeſt bray a fool in a morter among wheate with a peſtell, yet will not his fooliſhneſſe depart from him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1624, Iohn Smith, “The Commodities in Virginia, or that May Be Had by Industrie”, in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, →OCLC, book 2; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, page 30:",
"text": "Their heads and ſhoulders are painted red with the roote Pocone brayed to powder, mixed with oyle, this they hold in ſommer to preſerue them from the heate, and in winter from the cold.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1625, Samuel Purchas, “Their Cocos and other fruits and food, their Trades and trading, Creatures profitable and hurtfull. Of Male their principall Iland. Their Houſes, Candou, Languages, Apparell.”, in Pvrchas his Pilgrimes. In Five Bookes. … The Second Part., volume II, London: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, page 1643 [sic: 1653]:",
"text": "They boyle it alſo, and after dry it and bray it, and of this bran, with egges, hony, milke, and butter of Cocos, they make Florentines, and verie good belly-timber.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crush or pound, especially using a pestle and mortar."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-verb-srP6Bz1x",
"links": [
[
"crush",
"crush#Verb"
],
[
"pound",
"pound#Verb"
],
[
"pestle",
"pestle#Noun"
],
[
"mortar",
"mortar#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To crush or pound, especially using a pestle and mortar."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sčukvam",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "счуквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "verreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "zermalmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "zerreiben"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yorkshire English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Sarah Hall, “Butcher’s Perfume”, in The Beautiful Indifference, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 25:",
"text": "If anything he brayed him all the harder – the old family bull recognising his fighting days were close to over.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit (someone or something)."
],
"id": "en-bray-en-verb-j9qLA2rp",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, British, chiefly Yorkshire, by extension) To hit (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"Yorkshire",
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "breɪ",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-bray.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg/En-us-bray.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "brae"
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bray",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cry",
"word": "brayen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of brayen (“to cry”)"
],
"id": "en-bray-enm-verb-HMHOT8v8",
"links": [
[
"brayen",
"brayen#Middle_English:_to_cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreHg-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Animal sounds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brayer"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "braying"
},
{
"word": "brayingly"
},
{
"word": "outbray"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brayen",
"id": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brayen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "braire",
"t": "of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep"
},
"expansion": "French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*bragiō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *bragiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bragu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bragu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "breugiñ",
"t": "to bray"
},
"expansion": "Breton breugiñ (“to bray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bramma"
},
"expansion": "Cornish bramma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "braigid",
"t": "to flatulate"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*brageti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brageti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-",
"t": "to flatulate; to stink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fragrō",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Latin fragrō (“to smell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brekaną",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out”) (modern French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (“to bray”), brammañ (“to flatulate”), Cornish bramma, brabma (“to flatulate”), Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (“to flatulate”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”); cognate with Latin fragrō (“to smell”). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), and cognate with frangere (“to break, shatter”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb, or from Middle English brai, brait (“shriek; outcry”), from Old French brai, brait (“a cry”), from braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brays",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "braying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bray (third-person singular simple present brays, present participle braying, simple past and past participle brayed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"sense": "equine laugh",
"word": "horselaugh"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Whenever I walked by, that donkey brayed at me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1712 April 27 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “WEDNESDAY, April 16, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 354; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume IV, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 293:",
"text": "When she went to the famous ass-race [...], it was not, like other ladies, to hear those poor animals bray, nor see fellows run naked, or to hear country squires in bob wigs and white girdles make love at the side of a coach and cry, \"Madam, this is dainty weather.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1792 July, “Art. II. Interesting Anecdotes of Henry IV. of France. Containing Sublime Traits and Lively Sallies of Wit of that Monarch; […]. Translated from the French. Crown 8vo. 2 Vols. 6s. Boards. Debrett. 1792. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume VIII, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], published 1794, →OCLC, page 249:",
"text": "Henry [IV of France], paſſing through a little town, ſaw ſeveral deputies coming up to harangue him. One of them having commenced his diſcourſe, was interrupted by an aſs, who began to bray. \"Gentlemen,\" cried the King, \"one at a time, if you pleaſe.\"—",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1812, Count de Buffon [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “The Ass”, in William Smellie, transl., Natural History, General and Particular, […]. The History of Man and Quadrupeds: Translated, with Notes and Observations, […] In Twenty Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed for T[homas] Cadell and W[illiam] Davies, […], →OCLC, page 174:",
"text": "The horse neighs, but the ass brays: the last is performed by a very loud, long, disagreeable, discordant cry, consisting of discords alternately sharp and flat. He seldom brays but when pressed with hunger or love. [...] When gelded, the ass brays with a low voice; and, though he makes the same efforts and the same motions of the throat, yet the sound reaches to no great distance.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry."
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"ass",
"ass"
],
[
"donkey",
"donkey"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
],
[
"make",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"cry",
"cry#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "blore"
},
{
"english": "ass or donkey",
"word": "hee-haw"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He threw back his head and brayed with laughter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1757 August 8, [Thomas] Gray, “The Bard. A Pindaric Ode.”, in Poems by Mr. Gray, London: Printed for J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1768, →OCLC, stanza II.3, page 64:",
"text": "Heard ye the din of battle bray, / Lance to lance, and horſe to horſe? / Long Years of havock urge their deſtined courſe, / And thro' the kindred ſquadrons mow their way.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1986, John le Carré [pseudonym; David John Moore Cornwell], A Perfect Spy, London: Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN; 1st Pocket Books trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, January 2003, →ISBN, page 400:",
"text": "\"But, Jack, it's all so circumstantial—you said so yourself,\" Brammel brayed, never stronger than when demonstrating that two positives made a negative.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray."
],
"links": [
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"discordant",
"discordant"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, by extension) To make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 207–211:",
"text": "[N]ow ſtorming furie roſe, / And clamour ſuch as heard in Heav'n till now / Was never, Arms on Armour claſhing bray'd / Horrible discord, and the madding Wheeles / Of brazen Chariots rag'd; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Fifth. The Court.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza V, page 247:",
"text": "Just then the chiefs their tribes arrayed, / And wild and garish semblance made, / The chequered trews, and belted plaid, / And varying notes the war-pipes brayed, / To every varying clan; [...]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or utter (a shout, sound, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner."
],
"links": [
[
"utter",
"utter"
],
[
"shout",
"shout#Noun"
],
[
"discordantly",
"discordantly"
],
[
"loudly",
"loudly"
],
[
"grating",
"grating#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make or utter (a shout, sound, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "breɪ",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-bray.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg/En-us-bray.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "brae"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nahaqa",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "نَهَقَ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "anqırmaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "arrantza egin"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "reva kato magare",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "рева като магаре"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "bramar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hýkat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "balken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "kiljua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "hirnua"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "braire (âne)"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ornear"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "iahen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "kreischen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "schreien"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkarízo",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "γκαρίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "brōmáomai",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "βρωμάομαι"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "na'ár",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "נער"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "rymja"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "bramar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "meringkik"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ragliare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "oncō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "rudō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ngehengehe"
},
{
"code": "zdj",
"lang": "Ngazidja Comorian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ulila"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "braithe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "ornejar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "zurrar"
},
{
"alt": "об осле́",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "реве́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "njakati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "revati"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "híkať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "rebuznar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "skria"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "anırmak"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "brefu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make the cry of a donkey",
"word": "nadu"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "raḡā",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "رَغَى"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hadar",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "هَدَر"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "blatèrement"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ronquido"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the cry of a camel",
"word": "bozlamak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray",
"word": "kreischen wie ein Esel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a harsh, discordant sound like a donkey's bray",
"word": "schreien wie ein Esel"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kreštja",
"sense": "to make or utter (a shout, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner",
"word": "крещя"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make or utter (a shout, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner",
"word": "kreischen"
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreHg-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Animal sounds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brayen",
"id": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brayen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "braire",
"t": "of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep"
},
"expansion": "French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*bragiō"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *bragiō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*bragu"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *bragu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "breugiñ",
"t": "to bray"
},
"expansion": "Breton breugiñ (“to bray”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "bramma"
},
"expansion": "Cornish bramma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "braigid",
"t": "to flatulate"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*brageti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brageti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreHg-",
"t": "to flatulate; to stink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fragrō",
"t": "to smell"
},
"expansion": "Latin fragrō (“to smell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brekaną",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brai",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "brai"
},
"expansion": "Old French brai",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out”) (modern French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (“to bray”), brammañ (“to flatulate”), Cornish bramma, brabma (“to flatulate”), Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (“to flatulate”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”); cognate with Latin fragrō (“to smell”). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), and cognate with frangere (“to break, shatter”).\nThe noun is derived from the verb, or from Middle English brai, brait (“shriek; outcry”), from Old French brai, brait (“a cry”), from braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”); see above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brays",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bray (plural brays)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The cry of an animal, now chiefly that of animals related to the ass or donkey, or the camel."
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry#Noun"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"ass",
"ass"
],
[
"donkey",
"donkey"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "ass or donkey",
"word": "hee-haw"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1843, [Douglas William Jerrold], “A Gossip at the Reculvers [from The Chronicles of Clovernook]”, in Douglas [William] Jerrold, editor, The Illuminated Magazine, volume I, London: Published for the proprietors, […], →OCLC, page 143, column 2:",
"text": "It seems a very nest—warm and snug, and green—for human life; with the twilight haze of time about it, almost consecrating it from the aching hopes and feverish expectations of the present. Who would think that the bray and roar of multitudinous London sounded but some sixty miles away?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876 April, “Gosse’s King Erik: King Erik. By Edmund W. Gosse. London: Chatto and Windus. 1876. [book review]”, in The London Quarterly Review, volume XLVI, number XCI, London: Published for the proprietors, at the Wesleyan Conference Office, […], →OCLC, page 257:",
"text": "[...] Mr. [Edmund] Gosse's blank verse is sweet and varied, and full mostly of a graceful melody. If it has not the trumpet's power, neither has it the trumpet's bray, but rather a flute-like tone of its own.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Merline Lovelace, The Last Bullet (Cleo North Trilogy; 3), Ontario: Mira Books, →ISBN, page 15:",
"text": "At full volume, Doreen's whinnying laugh could shatter glass. Even at half volume, her high-pitched brays rattled teeth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any discordant, grating, or harsh sound."
],
"links": [
[
"discordant",
"discordant"
],
[
"grating",
"grating#Adjective"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"sound",
"sound#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Any discordant, grating, or harsh sound."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "breɪ",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-bray.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg/En-us-bray.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "brae"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "nahqa",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "نَهْقَة"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "anqırtı"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "magareški rev",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "магарешки рев"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bram"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hýkání"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zahýkání"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gebalk"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "braiment"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Eselsschrei"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rymur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "bramo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "ringkikan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "béic"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grág"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raglio"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zerrîn",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "زەڕین"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "ngehengehe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ornejo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zurro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rjov osla",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рёв осла"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "njak"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "revanje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebuzno"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"word": "anırma"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rev osla",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рев осла"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bref"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brefiad"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nâd"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "cry of an ass or donkey",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gweryriad"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "röhren"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "blatérer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "roncar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "cry of a camel",
"word": "bozlama"
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰreg-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ",
"Rhymes:English/eɪ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"en:Animal sounds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to break up"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "brayen",
"id": "to break up",
"t": "to break or crush into pieces"
},
"expansion": "Middle English brayen (“to break or crush into pieces”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "breier"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman breier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "breie"
},
"expansion": "Old French breie",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "broyer",
"t": "to crush, grind"
},
"expansion": "French broyer (“to crush, grind”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*brekan",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *brekan (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*brekaną",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰreg-",
"t": "to break"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "break",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of break",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English brayen (“to break or crush into pieces”), from Anglo-Norman breier, Old French breie, breier, broiier (modern French broyer (“to crush, grind”)), possibly from Frankish *brekan (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”); thus making the English word a doublet of break.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brays",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "braying",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brayed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bray (third-person singular simple present brays, present participle braying, simple past and past participle brayed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 27:22:",
"text": "Though thou ſhouldeſt bray a fool in a morter among wheate with a peſtell, yet will not his fooliſhneſſe depart from him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1624, Iohn Smith, “The Commodities in Virginia, or that May Be Had by Industrie”, in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, →OCLC, book 2; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, page 30:",
"text": "Their heads and ſhoulders are painted red with the roote Pocone brayed to powder, mixed with oyle, this they hold in ſommer to preſerue them from the heate, and in winter from the cold.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1625, Samuel Purchas, “Their Cocos and other fruits and food, their Trades and trading, Creatures profitable and hurtfull. Of Male their principall Iland. Their Houſes, Candou, Languages, Apparell.”, in Pvrchas his Pilgrimes. In Five Bookes. … The Second Part., volume II, London: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, page 1643 [sic: 1653]:",
"text": "They boyle it alſo, and after dry it and bray it, and of this bran, with egges, hony, milke, and butter of Cocos, they make Florentines, and verie good belly-timber.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crush or pound, especially using a pestle and mortar."
],
"links": [
[
"crush",
"crush#Verb"
],
[
"pound",
"pound#Verb"
],
[
"pestle",
"pestle#Noun"
],
[
"mortar",
"mortar#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To crush or pound, especially using a pestle and mortar."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Yorkshire English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Sarah Hall, “Butcher’s Perfume”, in The Beautiful Indifference, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 25:",
"text": "If anything he brayed him all the harder – the old family bull recognising his fighting days were close to over.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit (someone or something)."
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, British, chiefly Yorkshire, by extension) To hit (someone or something)."
],
"tags": [
"British",
"Yorkshire",
"broadly",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "breɪ",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bɹeɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-bray.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg/En-us-bray.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/En-us-bray.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪ"
},
{
"homophone": "brae"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sčukvam",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "счуквам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "verreiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "zermalmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to crush or pound — see also crush, pound",
"word": "zerreiben"
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bray",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to cry",
"word": "brayen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of brayen (“to cry”)"
],
"links": [
[
"brayen",
"brayen#Middle_English:_to_cry"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "bray"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bray meaning in All languages combined (35.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2028",
"msg": "more than one value in \"alt\": revétʹ (ob oslé) vs. об осле́",
"path": [
"bray"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bray",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.