"banishment" meaning in All languages combined

See banishment on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈbænɪʃmənt/ Forms: banishments [plural]
Etymology: From banish + -ment. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|banish|ment}} banish + -ment Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} banishment (countable and uncountable, plural banishments)
  1. The act of banishing. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (The act of banishing): ὑπερορισμός (huperorismós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), աքսորում (akʻsorum) (Armenian), sürgün (Azerbaijani), һөргөн (hörgön) (Bashkir), прогонване (progonvane) (Bulgarian), 流放 (liúfàng) (Chinese Mandarin), 流刑 (liúxíng) (Chinese Mandarin), verbanning [feminine] (Dutch), karkotus (Finnish), bannissement (French), निर्वासन (nirvāsan) (Hindi), száműzés (Hungarian), pembuangan (Indonesian), pengucilan (Indonesian), pengusiran (Indonesian), 流刑 (ryūkei) (Japanese), buang negeri (Malay), whakapakotanga (Maori), mişextkirin [feminine] (Northern Kurdish), sirgûn [feminine] (Northern Kurdish), banicja [feminine] (Polish), wygnanie [neuter] (Polish), изгна́ние (izgnánije) [neuter] (Russian), вы́сылка (výsylka) [feminine] (Russian), exilio [masculine] (Spanish), sürgün (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-banishment-en-noun-on5yghgV Disambiguation of 'The act of banishing': 97 3
  2. The state of being banished, exile. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (The state of being banished, exile): ἐξορία (exoría) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), աքսոր (akʻsor) (Armenian), һөргөн (hörgön) (Bashkir), изгнание (izgnanie) (Bulgarian), заточение (zatočenie) (Bulgarian), ballingschap [feminine] (Dutch), maanpako (Finnish), banni (French), देश निकाला (deś nikālā) [masculine] (Hindi), száműzetés (Hungarian), exsilium [neuter] (Latin), ablēgātiō [feminine] (Latin), whakapakonga (Maori), mişextî [feminine] (Northern Kurdish), sirgûn [feminine] (Northern Kurdish), banicja [feminine] (Polish), wygnanie [neuter] (Polish), изгна́ние (izgnánije) [neuter] (Russian), ссы́лка (ssýlka) [feminine] (Russian), exilio [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-banishment-en-noun-p4dELs6u Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ment Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 5 95 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ment: 16 84 Disambiguation of 'The state of being banished, exile': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: exile

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for banishment meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "banish",
        "3": "ment"
      },
      "expansion": "banish + -ment",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From banish + -ment.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "banishments",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "banishment (countable and uncountable, plural banishments)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ban‧ish‧ment"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The judge pronounced banishment upon the war criminal."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of banishing."
      ],
      "id": "en-banishment-en-noun-on5yghgV",
      "links": [
        [
          "banishing",
          "banish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "akʻsorum",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "աքսորում"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "sürgün"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "roman": "hörgön",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "һөргөн"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "progonvane",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "прогонване"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "liúfàng",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "流放"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "liúxíng",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "流刑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "verbanning"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "karkotus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "bannissement"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "huperorismós",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ὑπερορισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "nirvāsan",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "निर्वासन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "száműzés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "pembuangan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "pengucilan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "pengusiran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ryūkei",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "流刑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mişextkirin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sirgûn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "buang negeri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "whakapakotanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "banicja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "wygnanie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izgnánije",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изгна́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "výsylka",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "вы́сылка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "exilio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "The act of banishing",
          "word": "sürgün"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ment",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, James Fenton, Jerusalem",
          "text": "You are in error. / This is terror. / This is your banishment. This land is mine. / This is what you earn. / This is the Law of No Return. / This is the sour dough, this the sweet wine. / This is my history, this my race / And this unhappy man threw acid in my face.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "He has been in banishment from his home country for well over four years."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state of being banished, exile."
      ],
      "id": "en-banishment-en-noun-p4dELs6u",
      "links": [
        [
          "exile",
          "exile"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "akʻsor",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "աքսոր"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "roman": "hörgön",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "һөргөн"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "izgnanie",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "изгнание"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zatočenie",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "заточение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ballingschap"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "maanpako"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "banni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "exoría",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ἐξορία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "deś nikālā",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "देश निकाला"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "száműzetés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mişextî"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sirgûn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "exsilium"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ablēgātiō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "word": "whakapakonga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "banicja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "wygnanie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izgnánije",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "изгна́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ssýlka",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ссы́лка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "exilio"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbænɪʃmənt/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "exile"
    }
  ],
  "word": "banishment"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ment",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "banish",
        "3": "ment"
      },
      "expansion": "banish + -ment",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From banish + -ment.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "banishments",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "banishment (countable and uncountable, plural banishments)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ban‧ish‧ment"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The judge pronounced banishment upon the war criminal."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of banishing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "banishing",
          "banish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, James Fenton, Jerusalem",
          "text": "You are in error. / This is terror. / This is your banishment. This land is mine. / This is what you earn. / This is the Law of No Return. / This is the sour dough, this the sweet wine. / This is my history, this my race / And this unhappy man threw acid in my face.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "He has been in banishment from his home country for well over four years."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The state of being banished, exile."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exile",
          "exile"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbænɪʃmənt/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "exile"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "akʻsorum",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "աքսորում"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "sürgün"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "hörgön",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "һөргөн"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "progonvane",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "прогонване"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "liúfàng",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "流放"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "liúxíng",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "流刑"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "verbanning"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "karkotus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "bannissement"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "huperorismós",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ὑπερορισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "nirvāsan",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "निर्वासन"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "száműzés"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "pembuangan"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "pengucilan"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "pengusiran"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ryūkei",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "流刑"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mişextkirin"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sirgûn"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "buang negeri"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "whakapakotanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "banicja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "wygnanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izgnánije",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изгна́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "výsylka",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "вы́сылка"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "exilio"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "The act of banishing",
      "word": "sürgün"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "akʻsor",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "աքսոր"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "hörgön",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "һөргөн"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "izgnanie",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "изгнание"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zatočenie",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "заточение"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ballingschap"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "maanpako"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "banni"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "exoría",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ἐξορία"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "deś nikālā",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "देश निकाला"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "száműzetés"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mişextî"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sirgûn"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "exsilium"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ablēgātiō"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "word": "whakapakonga"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "banicja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "wygnanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izgnánije",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "изгна́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ssýlka",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ссы́лка"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "The state of being banished, exile",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "exilio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "banishment"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.