See ?? on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ?? meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "punctuation mark",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "??",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "??",
"name": "mul-punctuation mark"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 4 6 16",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Translingual punctuation marks",
"parents": [
"Punctuation marks",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "How are you going to pay for this??"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A double question mark, used at the end of sentences as an emphasized version of %3F, to make questions with more weight and importance, as if demanding an answer."
],
"id": "en-??-mul-punct-1BziNklN",
"links": [
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"emphasized",
"emphasized"
],
[
"%3F",
"%3F"
],
[
"question",
"question"
],
[
"demand",
"demand"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "mul:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This time tomorrow I { will / am going to } be driving to London.",
"ref": "2006, Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed, Bert Cappelle, “The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase”, in The Grammar of the English Tense System, volume 1 (in English), page 6",
"text": "A superscript question mark will be used similarly to indicate that a sentence or constituent is questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason. A double superscript question mark indicates an even higher degree of questionability.\nI have never { worked / been working } on a dissertation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason."
],
"id": "en-??-mul-punct-6IMFfA2g",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"questionable",
"questionable"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"semantic-pragmatic reason",
"semantic-pragmatic disorder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "??"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "??",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "!?"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "?!"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "!"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "?"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "!!"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "mul:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a blunder."
],
"id": "en-??-mul-symbol-mmpqselp",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"blunder",
"blunder#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) Indicates a blunder."
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Programming",
"orig": "mul:Programming",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Software engineering",
"Technology",
"Computer science",
"Engineering",
"Software",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Media",
"Fundamental",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 8 16 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language."
],
"id": "en-??-mul-symbol-kUz8Xy2O",
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"null",
"null#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming) Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "??"
}
{
"categories": [
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual punctuation marks",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms spelled with ?"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "punctuation mark",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "??",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "??",
"name": "mul-punctuation mark"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "How are you going to pay for this??"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A double question mark, used at the end of sentences as an emphasized version of %3F, to make questions with more weight and importance, as if demanding an answer."
],
"links": [
[
"end",
"end"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"emphasized",
"emphasized"
],
[
"%3F",
"%3F"
],
[
"question",
"question"
],
[
"demand",
"demand"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Translingual terms with quotations",
"mul:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This time tomorrow I { will / am going to } be driving to London.",
"ref": "2006, Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed, Bert Cappelle, “The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase”, in The Grammar of the English Tense System, volume 1 (in English), page 6",
"text": "A superscript question mark will be used similarly to indicate that a sentence or constituent is questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason. A double superscript question mark indicates an even higher degree of questionability.\nI have never { worked / been working } on a dissertation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"questionable",
"questionable"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"semantic-pragmatic reason",
"semantic-pragmatic disorder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "??"
}
{
"categories": [
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual punctuation marks",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms spelled with ?"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "??",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"word": "!?"
},
{
"word": "?!"
},
{
"word": "!"
},
{
"word": "?"
},
{
"word": "!!"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"mul:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates a blunder."
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"blunder",
"blunder#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) Indicates a blunder."
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Programming"
],
"glosses": [
"Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language."
],
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"null",
"null#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming) Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "??"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.