See ?? in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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A double superscript question mark indicates an even higher degree of questionability.\nI have never { worked / been working } on a dissertation\nThis time tomorrow I { will / ^(??)am going to } be driving to London.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason." ], "id": "en-??-mul-punct-6IMFfA2g", "links": [ [ "linguistics", "linguistics" ], [ "questionable", "questionable" ], [ "grammatical", "grammatical" ], [ "semantic-pragmatic reason", "semantic-pragmatic disorder" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(linguistics) Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason." ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences" ] } ], "word": "??" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mul", "2": "symbol" }, "expansion": "??", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Translingual", "lang_code": "mul", "pos": "symbol", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "!?" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "?!" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "!" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "?" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "!!" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "mul", "name": "Chess", "orig": "mul:Chess", "parents": [ "Board games", "Tabletop games", "Games", "Recreation", "Human activity", "Human behaviour", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Indicator of a blunder." ], "id": "en-??-mul-symbol-VIOEpidz", "links": [ [ "chess", "chess" ], [ "blunder", "blunder#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(chess) Indicator of a blunder." ], "topics": [ "board-games", "chess", "games" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "mul", "name": "Programming", "orig": "mul:Programming", "parents": [ "Computing", "Software engineering", "Technology", "Computer science", "Engineering", "Software", "All topics", "Sciences", "Applied sciences", "Media", "Fundamental", "Communication" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "32 3 18 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "33 2 19 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "30 6 18 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language." ], "id": "en-??-mul-symbol-kUz8Xy2O", "links": [ [ "programming", "programming#Noun" ], [ "null", "null#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(programming) Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language." ], "topics": [ "computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "programming", "sciences" ] } ], "word": "??" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Translingual entries with incorrect language header", "Translingual lemmas", "Translingual punctuation marks", "Translingual symbols", "Translingual terms spelled with ?" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mul", "10": "", "11": "or", "12": "", "2": "punctuation mark", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "7": "or", "8": "", "9": "or", "cat2": "", "f1lang": "en", "f1nolink": "", "f2lang": "en", "f2nolink": "", "f3lang": "en", "f3nolink": "", "f4lang": "en", "f4nolink": "", "head": "", "head2": "", "sc": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "??", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "??", "name": "mul-punctuation mark" } ], "lang": "Translingual", "lang_code": "mul", "pos": "punct", "senses": [ { "examples": [ { "text": "How are you going to pay for this??" } ], "glosses": [ "A double question mark, used at the end of sentences as an emphasized version of %3F, to make questions with more weight and importance, as if demanding an answer." ], "links": [ [ "end", "end" ], [ "sentence", "sentence" ], [ "emphasized", "emphasized" ], [ "%3F", "%3F" ], [ "question", "question" ], [ "demand", "demand" ] ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ] }, { "categories": [ "Translingual terms with quotations", "mul:Linguistics" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2006, Renaat Declerck, Susan Reed, Bert Cappelle, “The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase”, in The Grammar of the English Tense System, volume 1 (in English), →ISBN, page 6:", "text": "A superscript question mark will be used similarly to indicate that a sentence or constituent is questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason. A double superscript question mark indicates an even higher degree of questionability.\nI have never { worked / been working } on a dissertation\nThis time tomorrow I { will / ^(??)am going to } be driving to London.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason." ], "links": [ [ "linguistics", "linguistics" ], [ "questionable", "questionable" ], [ "grammatical", "grammatical" ], [ "semantic-pragmatic reason", "semantic-pragmatic disorder" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(linguistics) Very questionable for a grammatical or semantic-pragmatic reason." ], "raw_tags": [ "punctuation" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences" ] } ], "word": "??" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Translingual entries with incorrect language header", "Translingual lemmas", "Translingual punctuation marks", "Translingual symbols", "Translingual terms spelled with ?" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mul", "2": "symbol" }, "expansion": "??", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Translingual", "lang_code": "mul", "pos": "symbol", "related": [ { "word": "!?" }, { "word": "?!" }, { "word": "!" }, { "word": "?" }, { "word": "!!" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "mul:Chess" ], "glosses": [ "Indicator of a blunder." ], "links": [ [ "chess", "chess" ], [ "blunder", "blunder#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(chess) Indicator of a blunder." ], "topics": [ "board-games", "chess", "games" ] }, { "categories": [ "mul:Programming" ], "glosses": [ "Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language." ], "links": [ [ "programming", "programming#Noun" ], [ "null", "null#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(programming) Represents null coalescing operator or an operator with similar functions in some programming languages. Returns the second operand if the first returns null or is unset, with variations depending on the programming language." ], "topics": [ "computing", "engineering", "mathematics", "natural-sciences", "physical-sciences", "programming", "sciences" ] } ], "word": "??" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Translingual dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.