See Proto-Indo-European on Wiktionary
{
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "proto",
"3": "Indo-European"
},
"expansion": "proto- + Indo-European",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From proto- + Indo-European.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
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},
{
"_dis": "31 34 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 38",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "30 34 36",
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{
"_dis": "31 34 35",
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{
"_dis": "30 34 37",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "27 34 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Breton translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "32 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "30 34 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 36 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 38 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 30 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 33 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "29 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "28 34 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 33 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 33 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Indo-European studies",
"orig": "en:Indo-European studies",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The word mother comes from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The plural English word brethren and the Farsi word that is pronounced as 'baradaran' both come from the same Proto-Indo-European root word.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages."
],
"id": "en-Proto-Indo-European-en-name-7e88epIT",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"protolanguage",
"protolanguage"
],
[
"Indo-European",
"Indo-European"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Indo-European"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "Indo-Germanic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Indo-Germanic"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hndevropakan naxalezu",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "հնդեվրոպական նախալեզու"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "Aitzinindoeuropera"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indez-europeg"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "indoevropéjski práezik",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "индоевропе́йски пра́език"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "原始印歐語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Yuánshǐ Yìn-Ōuyǔ",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "原始印欧语"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "praindoevropština"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "protoindoeuropæisk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropæisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-Europees"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "hindeŭropa pralingvo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "frumindoevropeiskt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeurooppalainen kantakieli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "kantaindoeurooppa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indo-européen commun"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeuropéen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗuli ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗuli ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Indogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Urindogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protoïndoevropaïká",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "πρωτοϊνδοευρωπαϊκά"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "próto-hódu-eirópit",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פרוטו־הודו־אירופית"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ādim-hind-yūropīya bhāṣā",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeurópai alapnyelv"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frumindóevrópska"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "proto-indoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Próta-Ind-Eorpais"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "in'ō sogo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "印欧祖語"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "indo-yōroppa sogo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "インド・ヨーロッパ祖語"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "indoyureopjo'eo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "인도유럽조어"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "wonsiin'gueo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "원시인구어"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua indogermanica"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua prisca indoeuropaea"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "indoeuropiečių prokalbė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "praindoevropski jazik",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праиндоевропски јазик"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "protoindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâ-hendo-orupâyi",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "نیاهندواروپایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praindoeuropejski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindo-europeu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limba proto-indo-europeană"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stră-indoeuropeană"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjskij jazýk",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праиндоевропе́йский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "proto-indo-europski"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "praindoeurópčina"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "praindoevropščina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropeiska"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "protoindoeuropeiska"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeuropeiska urspråket"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupaca"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjsʹka",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "праіндоєвропе́йська"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "proto-indo-ewropeaidd"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg.mp3",
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],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
}
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},
{
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"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗeli",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპელი"
},
{
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"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Urindogermane"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "indoeurópai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
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"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
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],
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},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
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"word": "indoeuropietis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "indoeuropietė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Praindoevropéec",
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"word": "Праиндоевропе́ец"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâ-hendo-orupâyi-zabân",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "نیاهندواروپاییزبان"
},
{
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"word": "Praindoeuropejczyk"
},
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],
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],
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},
{
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],
"word": "праиндоевропе́ец"
},
{
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],
"word": "Praindoevropejec"
},
{
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{
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{
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"word": "праіндоєвропе́єць"
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{
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}
]
}
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},
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"_dis": "30 35 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 35 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 36 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 35 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Indo-European studies",
"orig": "en:Indo-European studies",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it."
],
"id": "en-Proto-Indo-European-en-adj-p8fzm1u8",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "European"
},
{
"word": "Indian"
},
{
"word": "Indo-European language family"
},
{
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"word": "Albanian"
},
{
"word": "Anatolian"
},
{
"word": "Armenian"
},
{
"word": "Balto-Slavic"
},
{
"word": "Celtic"
},
{
"word": "Germanic"
},
{
"word": "Greek"
},
{
"word": "Indo-Iranian"
},
{
"word": "Italic"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxahndevropakan",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "նախահնդեվրոպական"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "praindoevropský"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Proto-Indo-Europees"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indoeuropéen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "indogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "indoeurópai"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frumindóevrópskur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Próta-Ind-Eorpach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "praindoevropski",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "праиндоевропски"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâ-hendo-orupâyi",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "نیا-هندواروپایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praindoeuropejski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindo-europeu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "stră-indoeuropean"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "proto-indoeuropean"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjskij",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "праиндоевропе́йский"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "praindoevropski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "protoindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupa grubuna ait"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupa grubundan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjsʹkyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "праіндоєвропе́йський"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms prefixed with proto-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Indo-European studies"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "proto",
"3": "Indo-European"
},
"expansion": "proto- + Indo-European",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From proto- + Indo-European.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The word mother comes from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The plural English word brethren and the Farsi word that is pronounced as 'baradaran' both come from the same Proto-Indo-European root word.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"ancestor",
"ancestor"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"protolanguage",
"protolanguage"
],
[
"Indo-European",
"Indo-European"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Indo-European"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "Indo-Germanic"
},
{
"word": "Proto-Indo-Germanic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hndevropakan naxalezu",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "հնդեվրոպական նախալեզու"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "Aitzinindoeuropera"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indez-europeg"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "indoevropéjski práezik",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "индоевропе́йски пра́език"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "原始印歐語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Yuánshǐ Yìn-Ōuyǔ",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "原始印欧语"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "praindoevropština"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "protoindoeuropæisk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropæisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-Europees"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "hindeŭropa pralingvo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "frumindoevropeiskt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeurooppalainen kantakieli"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "kantaindoeurooppa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indo-européen commun"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeuropéen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗuli ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗuli ena",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპული ენა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Indogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Urindogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "protoïndoevropaïká",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "πρωτοϊνδοευρωπαϊκά"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "próto-hódu-eirópit",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "פרוטו־הודו־אירופית"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ādim-hind-yūropīya bhāṣā",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "आदिम-हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeurópai alapnyelv"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frumindóevrópska"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "proto-indoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Próta-Ind-Eorpais"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "in'ō sogo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "印欧祖語"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "indo-yōroppa sogo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "インド・ヨーロッパ祖語"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "indoyureopjo'eo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "인도유럽조어"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "wonsiin'gueo",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "원시인구어"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua indogermanica"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua prisca indoeuropaea"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "indoeuropiečių prokalbė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "praindoevropski jazik",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праиндоевропски јазик"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "protoindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâ-hendo-orupâyi",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "نیاهندواروپایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praindoeuropejski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindo-europeu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "limba proto-indo-europeană"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stră-indoeuropeană"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjskij jazýk",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праиндоевропе́йский язы́к"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "proto-indo-europski"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "praindoeurópčina"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "praindoevropščina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "urindoeuropeiska"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "protoindoeuropeiska"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "indoeuropeiska urspråket"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupaca"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjsʹka",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "праіндоєвропе́йська"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "ancestor language of most European and Indian languages",
"word": "proto-indo-ewropeaidd"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms prefixed with proto-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Indo-European studies"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "proto",
"3": "Indo-European"
},
"expansion": "proto- + Indo-European",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From proto- + Indo-European.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Proto-Indo-Europeans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "Proto-Indo-European"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European (plural Proto-Indo-Europeans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Anthropology"
],
"glosses": [
"A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language."
],
"links": [
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
],
[
"Proto-Indo-European",
"#Proper noun"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anthropology, countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Indo-European"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-Europeaan"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Indo-européen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Indoeuropéen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗeli",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპელი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗeli",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Urindogermane"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "indoeurópai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Próta-Ind-Eorpach"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indoeuropietis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "indoeuropietė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Praindoevropéec",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "Праиндоевропе́ец"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâ-hendo-orupâyi-zabân",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "نیاهندواروپاییزبان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "Praindoeuropejczyk"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indoeuropean"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "indoeuropeană"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjec",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праиндоевропе́ец"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Praindoevropejec"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupalı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjecʹ",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праіндоєвропе́єць"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjka",
"sense": "person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "праіндоєвропе́йка"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms prefixed with proto-",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Indo-European studies"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "proto",
"3": "Indo-European"
},
"expansion": "proto- + Indo-European",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From proto- + Indo-European.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "European"
},
{
"word": "Indian"
},
{
"word": "Indo-European language family"
},
{
"word": "proto-"
},
{
"word": "Albanian"
},
{
"word": "Anatolian"
},
{
"word": "Armenian"
},
{
"word": "Balto-Slavic"
},
{
"word": "Celtic"
},
{
"word": "Germanic"
},
{
"word": "Greek"
},
{
"word": "Indo-Iranian"
},
{
"word": "Italic"
},
{
"word": "Tocharian"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Anthropology",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"anthropology",
"anthropology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"anthropology",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/En-us-Proto-Indo-European.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "naxahndevropakan",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "նախահնդեվրոպական"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "praindoevropský"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Proto-Indo-Europees"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "indoeuropéen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗroṭoindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "პროტოინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "c̣inareindoevroṗuli",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "წინარეინდოევროპული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "indogermanisch"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "indoeurópai"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frumindóevrópskur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Próta-Ind-Eorpach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "praindoevropski",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "праиндоевропски"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâ-hendo-orupâyi",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "نیا-هندواروپایی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praindoeuropejski"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protoindo-europeu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "stră-indoeuropean"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "proto-indoeuropean"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjskij",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "праиндоевропе́йский"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "praindoevropski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "protoindoeuropeo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "urindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "protoindoeuropeisk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupa grubuna ait"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "Proto-Hint-Avrupa grubundan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "praindojevropéjsʹkyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it — see also Indo-European",
"word": "праіндоєвропе́йський"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
],
"word": "Proto-Indo-European"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Proto-Indo-European meaning in All languages combined (28.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.