See Bolshevism on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Bolshevism meaning in All languages combined (20.3kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "antibolshevism"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "anarcho-Bolshevism"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "cultural Bolshevism"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "Jewish Bolshevism"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "Judeo-Bolshevism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "большеви́зм",
"4": "",
"5": "Bolshevism"
},
"expansion": "Russian большеви́зм (bolʹševízm, “Bolshevism”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "большинство",
"3": "",
"4": "majority, most"
},
"expansion": "большинство (bolʹšinstvo, “majority, most”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-и́зм",
"3": "",
"4": "-ism, suffix forming the names of systems, schools of thought or theories based on the names of their subjects or objects"
},
"expansion": "-и́зм (-ízm, “-ism, suffix forming the names of systems, schools of thought or theories based on the names of their subjects or objects”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "большинство"
},
"expansion": "большинство",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "большо́й",
"3": "",
"4": "great, large"
},
"expansion": "большо́й (bolʹšój, “great, large”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ство",
"3": "",
"4": "suffix forming a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state"
},
"expansion": "-ство (-stvo, “suffix forming a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьstvo",
"4": "",
"5": "suffix forming nouns denoting a condition or state"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo (“suffix forming nouns denoting a condition or state”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian большеви́зм (bolʹševízm, “Bolshevism”), from большинство (bolʹšinstvo, “majority, most”) (referring to the fact that the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party won on the majority of the important issues at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903) + -и́зм (-ízm, “-ism, suffix forming the names of systems, schools of thought or theories based on the names of their subjects or objects”). большинство is derived from большо́й (bolʹšój, “great, large”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bel-) + -ство (-stvo, “suffix forming a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state”) (from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo (“suffix forming nouns denoting a condition or state”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Bolshevisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Bolshevism (countable and uncountable, plural Bolshevisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Bol‧shev‧i‧sm"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "antibolshevist"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "Bolshevik"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "Bolshevist"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "bolshevize"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "bolshevise"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "bolshie"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "bolshiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "Menshevik"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "Menshevism"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russian politics",
"orig": "en:Russian politics",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Russia",
"Society",
"Asia",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russia",
"orig": "en:Russia",
"parents": [
"Asia",
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"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Tamás Krausz, “Organization and Revolution”, in Bálint Bethlenfalvy, Mario Fenyo, transl., Reconstructing Lenin: An Intellectual Biography, New York, N.Y.: Monthly Review Press, page 127",
"text": "The split between the two trends of Bolshevism issued from questions of a very practical nature. [Alexander] Bogdanov and his group condemned participation in parliamentary, \"bourgeois\" politics. [Vladimir] Lenin, on the other hand, set the struggle for political power as the main task of the party. He was not occupied with creating and implanting an idea of the future of socialism; he thought of this more as a development to be expected from the period following the revolution. Instead he was preparing the organizational and political-intellectual grounds for a revolution that would be capable of overthrowing tsarism.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The strategy used by the Bolsheviks in attempting to gain power in Russia."
],
"id": "en-Bolshevism-en-noun-rqVmtyPt",
"links": [
[
"strategy",
"strategy"
],
[
"Bolshevik",
"Bolshevik"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"_dis": "41 59",
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{
"_dis": "41 59",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Communism",
"orig": "en:Communism",
"parents": [
"Ideologies",
"Leftism",
"Socialism",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Economics",
"All topics",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Russian politics",
"orig": "en:Russian politics",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Russia",
"Society",
"Asia",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, J[oseph] A[lfred] A[rner] Burnquist, Inaugural Message of Gov. J. A. A. Burnquist to the Legislature of Minnesota, [Minn.]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 4",
"text": "We of this generation owe it to the countless dead, to the peoples now living, to our children and children's children not to let the present situation go by without attempting in good faith to establish among those nations that will tolerate neither Kaiserism nor Bolshevism such a form of international court and police power as will have for its purpose the ringing out of an age of war and the ringing in of an age of peace.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1919 April 6, Randolph H. McKim, The Peril of Bolshevism and the Duty of America: A Sermon Delivered in the Church of the Epiphany, Washington, D.C., on Sunday, April 6, 1919 by the Rector, Washington, D.C.: Vestry of the Church of the Epiphany, →OCLC, page 4",
"text": "Let me ask you then, first, to consider what Bolshevism really is. Well, politically it is the usurpation of power over the whole by a small section of the community. […] The fundamental idea or principle of Bolshevism is that the proletariat, that is to say the lowest stratum of society, the most ignorant, the least educated, should be the basis of the State, should in fact absolutely control the State. Instead of the principle announced in the Declaration of Independence—that all men are created free and equal, Bolshevism proceeds upon the principle that only the proletariat has any rights or should enjoy any freedom; all other classes of the community are anathema.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1923], Thomas Tully, “Simeon and Levi—Evil Confederates”, in The Sons of Jacob and Their Tribal Blessings: Character Studies: A Series of Sunday Afternoon Addresses, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 32",
"text": "You can never tell to what length of devilry men will go when, setting out to see justice done, they give rein to the spirit of vindictiveness and are bent only on revenge and reprisals. The results may be terrible when the Simeons and Levis of society take law and justice into their own hands. Often it has worked out into grossest inhumanity and vilest bolshevism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1935 September, Georgi Dimitroff (reporter), “United Front of the Working Class against Fascism”, in Working Class Unity—Bulwark against Fascism: The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International in the Fight for the Unity of the Working Class against Fascism: Seventh World Congress of the Communist International: Report, New York, N.Y.: Workers Library Publishers, →OCLC, pages 79–80",
"text": "The task of educating the workers and all toilers in the spirit of proletarian internationalism is one of the fundamental tasks of every Communist Party. But whoever thinks that this permits him, or even compels him, to sneer at all the national sentiments of the broad toiling masses is far from genuine Bolshevism, and has understood nothing of the teaching of [Vladimir] Lenin and [Joseph] Stalin on the national question.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1974, A[nthony] James Gregor, “The Twentieth Century and the Crisis of Classical Marxism”, in The Fascist Persuasion in Radical Politics, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, page 127",
"text": "Important for our purposes is the recognition that the proletariat could be seduced from its historic mission, at least for significant periods of time, by controlled propaganda and capitalist blandishments. The conviction, conjoined with Lenin's elitism, produced a fateful compound: Bolshevism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, M[ichael] C[harles] Howard, J[ohn] E[dward] King, “The Political Economy of Stalin”, in A History of Marxian Economics, volumes II (1929–1990), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, page 40",
"text": "[…] Stalin was never able to monopolise Marxism, and the same deficiencies in theory which facilitate the claim of Stalinism to be a Marxism, allowed alternatives – even other Bolshevisms – to become subversive doctrines in relation to the reality of Stalinist power.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism."
],
"id": "en-Bolshevism-en-noun-2fy0TeZk",
"links": [
[
"Communist",
"Communist#Adjective"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"ideology",
"ideology"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"
],
[
"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"
],
[
"Marxism-Leninism",
"Marxism-Leninism"
]
],
"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolshevizëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulšifiyya",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بُلْشِفِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "bolšewizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "բոլշևիզմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolxevismu"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolşevizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "balʹšavízm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бальшаві́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolševízǎm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "болшеви́зъм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolxevisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "布爾什維主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bù'ěrshíwéizhǔyì",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "布尔什维主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolševismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bolsjevisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolsjewisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolševism"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolševismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolxevismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bolševizmi",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ბოლშევიზმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bolschewismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bolsevikismós",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μπολσεβικισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "bolshevízm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בּוֹלְשֶׁבִיזְם"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bolśevikvād",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बोलशेविकवाद"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bolśevizma",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बोल्शेविज़्म"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolsevizmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Boilséiveachas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolscevismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borushevizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボルシェヴィズム"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borushebizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボルシェビズム"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borishevizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボリシェヴィズム"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borishebizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボリシェビズム"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bolşevizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "большевизм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bolsyebijeum",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "볼셰비즘"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "bolşevizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "большевизм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boļševisms"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolševizmas"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bolševízam",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "болшеви́зам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bolʹševizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "большевизм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolsjevisme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bolševism",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "بلشویسم"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolszewizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolchevismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolșevism"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bolʹševízm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "большеви́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бољшевѝзам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "boljševìzam"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boľševizmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boljševizem"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolchevismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bolsjevism"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "bolševizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "болшевизм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "Bolşeviklik"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolşewizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "uk",
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"roman": "bilʹšovýzm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
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"masculine"
],
"word": "більшови́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bolshëwizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "بولشېۋىزم"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolshevizm"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "chủ nghĩa bôn-sê-vích"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bolshevizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "באָלשעוויזם"
}
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈbɒlʃəˌvɪz(ə)m/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊl-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbol-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-Bolshevism.ogg",
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"tags": [
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"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "47 53",
"word": "bolshevism"
}
],
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"2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party",
"Russian Social Democratic Labour Party"
],
"word": "Bolshevism"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "antibolshevism"
}
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"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English historical terms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms suffixed with -ism",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Communism",
"en:Politics",
"en:Russia",
"en:Russian politics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anarcho-Bolshevism"
},
{
"word": "cultural Bolshevism"
},
{
"word": "Jewish Bolshevism"
},
{
"word": "Judeo-Bolshevism"
}
],
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"2": "ru",
"3": "большеви́зм",
"4": "",
"5": "Bolshevism"
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "большинство",
"3": "",
"4": "majority, most"
},
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"2": "-и́зм",
"3": "",
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"2": "большинство"
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{
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"2": "большо́й",
"3": "",
"4": "great, large"
},
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"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bel-"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ство",
"3": "",
"4": "suffix forming a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state"
},
"expansion": "-ство (-stvo, “suffix forming a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ьstvo",
"4": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo (“suffix forming nouns denoting a condition or state”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian большеви́зм (bolʹševízm, “Bolshevism”), from большинство (bolʹšinstvo, “majority, most”) (referring to the fact that the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party won on the majority of the important issues at the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1903) + -и́зм (-ízm, “-ism, suffix forming the names of systems, schools of thought or theories based on the names of their subjects or objects”). большинство is derived from большо́й (bolʹšój, “great, large”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bel-) + -ство (-stvo, “suffix forming a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state”) (from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo (“suffix forming nouns denoting a condition or state”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Bolshevisms",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "Bolshevism (countable and uncountable, plural Bolshevisms)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Bol‧shev‧i‧sm"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "antibolshevist"
},
{
"word": "Bolshevik"
},
{
"word": "Bolshevist"
},
{
"word": "bolshevize"
},
{
"word": "bolshevise"
},
{
"word": "bolshie"
},
{
"word": "bolshiness"
},
{
"word": "Menshevik"
},
{
"word": "Menshevism"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Tamás Krausz, “Organization and Revolution”, in Bálint Bethlenfalvy, Mario Fenyo, transl., Reconstructing Lenin: An Intellectual Biography, New York, N.Y.: Monthly Review Press, page 127",
"text": "The split between the two trends of Bolshevism issued from questions of a very practical nature. [Alexander] Bogdanov and his group condemned participation in parliamentary, \"bourgeois\" politics. [Vladimir] Lenin, on the other hand, set the struggle for political power as the main task of the party. He was not occupied with creating and implanting an idea of the future of socialism; he thought of this more as a development to be expected from the period following the revolution. Instead he was preparing the organizational and political-intellectual grounds for a revolution that would be capable of overthrowing tsarism.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The strategy used by the Bolsheviks in attempting to gain power in Russia."
],
"links": [
[
"strategy",
"strategy"
],
[
"Bolshevik",
"Bolshevik"
],
[
"Russia",
"Russia"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1919, J[oseph] A[lfred] A[rner] Burnquist, Inaugural Message of Gov. J. A. A. Burnquist to the Legislature of Minnesota, [Minn.]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 4",
"text": "We of this generation owe it to the countless dead, to the peoples now living, to our children and children's children not to let the present situation go by without attempting in good faith to establish among those nations that will tolerate neither Kaiserism nor Bolshevism such a form of international court and police power as will have for its purpose the ringing out of an age of war and the ringing in of an age of peace.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1919 April 6, Randolph H. McKim, The Peril of Bolshevism and the Duty of America: A Sermon Delivered in the Church of the Epiphany, Washington, D.C., on Sunday, April 6, 1919 by the Rector, Washington, D.C.: Vestry of the Church of the Epiphany, →OCLC, page 4",
"text": "Let me ask you then, first, to consider what Bolshevism really is. Well, politically it is the usurpation of power over the whole by a small section of the community. […] The fundamental idea or principle of Bolshevism is that the proletariat, that is to say the lowest stratum of society, the most ignorant, the least educated, should be the basis of the State, should in fact absolutely control the State. Instead of the principle announced in the Declaration of Independence—that all men are created free and equal, Bolshevism proceeds upon the principle that only the proletariat has any rights or should enjoy any freedom; all other classes of the community are anathema.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1923], Thomas Tully, “Simeon and Levi—Evil Confederates”, in The Sons of Jacob and Their Tribal Blessings: Character Studies: A Series of Sunday Afternoon Addresses, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, page 32",
"text": "You can never tell to what length of devilry men will go when, setting out to see justice done, they give rein to the spirit of vindictiveness and are bent only on revenge and reprisals. The results may be terrible when the Simeons and Levis of society take law and justice into their own hands. Often it has worked out into grossest inhumanity and vilest bolshevism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1935 September, Georgi Dimitroff (reporter), “United Front of the Working Class against Fascism”, in Working Class Unity—Bulwark against Fascism: The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International in the Fight for the Unity of the Working Class against Fascism: Seventh World Congress of the Communist International: Report, New York, N.Y.: Workers Library Publishers, →OCLC, pages 79–80",
"text": "The task of educating the workers and all toilers in the spirit of proletarian internationalism is one of the fundamental tasks of every Communist Party. But whoever thinks that this permits him, or even compels him, to sneer at all the national sentiments of the broad toiling masses is far from genuine Bolshevism, and has understood nothing of the teaching of [Vladimir] Lenin and [Joseph] Stalin on the national question.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1974, A[nthony] James Gregor, “The Twentieth Century and the Crisis of Classical Marxism”, in The Fascist Persuasion in Radical Politics, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, page 127",
"text": "Important for our purposes is the recognition that the proletariat could be seduced from its historic mission, at least for significant periods of time, by controlled propaganda and capitalist blandishments. The conviction, conjoined with Lenin's elitism, produced a fateful compound: Bolshevism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, M[ichael] C[harles] Howard, J[ohn] E[dward] King, “The Political Economy of Stalin”, in A History of Marxian Economics, volumes II (1929–1990), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, page 40",
"text": "[…] Stalin was never able to monopolise Marxism, and the same deficiencies in theory which facilitate the claim of Stalinism to be a Marxism, allowed alternatives – even other Bolshevisms – to become subversive doctrines in relation to the reality of Stalinist power.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Communist political ideology adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Marxism-Leninism."
],
"links": [
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],
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"ideology"
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"Marxism-Leninism"
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈbɒlʃəˌvɪz(ə)m/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑlʃəˌvɪzəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊl-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbol-/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-Bolshevism.ogg",
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"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bolshevism"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolshevizëm"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "bulšifiyya",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بُلْشِفِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "bolšewizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "բոլշևիզմ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolxevismu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolşevizm"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "balʹšavízm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бальшаві́зм"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolševízǎm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "болшеви́зъм"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolxevisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "布爾什維主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bù'ěrshíwéizhǔyì",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "布尔什维主义"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolševismus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bolsjevisme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolsjewisme"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolševism"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolševismi"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolxevismo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bolševizmi",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ბოლშევიზმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bolschewismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bolsevikismós",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μπολσεβικισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "bolshevízm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בּוֹלְשֶׁבִיזְם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bolśevikvād",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बोलशेविकवाद"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bolśevizma",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "बोल्शेविज़्म"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolsevizmus"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Boilséiveachas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolscevismo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borushevizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボルシェヴィズム"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borushebizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボルシェビズム"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borishevizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボリシェヴィズム"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "borishebizumu",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "ボリシェビズム"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "bolşevizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "большевизм"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bolsyebijeum",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "볼셰비즘"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "bolşevizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "большевизм"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boļševisms"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolševizmas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bolševízam",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "болшеви́зам"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bolʹševizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "большевизм"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolsjevisme"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bolševism",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "بلشویسم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolszewizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolchevismo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bolșevism"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bolʹševízm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "большеви́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бољшевѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "boljševìzam"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boľševizmus"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boljševizem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bolchevismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bolsjevism"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "bolševizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "болшевизм"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "Bolşeviklik"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolşewizm"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bilʹšovýzm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "більшови́зм"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "bolshëwizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "بولشېۋىزم"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "bolshevizm"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"word": "chủ nghĩa bôn-sê-vích"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "bolshevizm",
"sense": "Communist political ideology",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "באָלשעוויזם"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party",
"Russian Social Democratic Labour Party"
],
"word": "Bolshevism"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: politics",
"path": [
"Bolshevism"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Bolshevism",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.