See 面臨 on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for 面臨 meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "面临",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "面臨",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Intermediate Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to face unemployment",
"roman": "miànlín shīyè",
"text": "面臨失業／面临失业",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to face penalties",
"roman": "miànlín chǔfá",
"text": "面臨處罰／面临处罚",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Erosion is a major issue faced by agricultural production in this region.",
"roman": "Shuǐtǔ liúshī shì zhège dìqū nóngyè shēngchǎn miànlín de yī gè zhǔyào wèntí. [Pinyin]",
"text": "水土流失是這個地區農業生產面臨的一個主要問題。 [MSC, trad.]\n水土流失是这个地区农业生产面临的一个主要问题。 [MSC, simp.]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to face; to be faced with; to be confronted with"
],
"id": "en-面臨-zh-verb-o6YfyxPJ",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"confronted",
"confront"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "cháoxiàng",
"word": "朝向"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正視"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正视"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "瀕臨"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "濒临"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直視"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直视"
},
{
"roman": "zhímiàn",
"word": "直面"
},
{
"word": "迎"
},
{
"roman": "miànxiàng",
"word": "面向"
},
{
"roman": "miànduì",
"word": "面對"
},
{
"roman": "miànduì",
"word": "面对"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànlín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ lam⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-lìm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁷ lim⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànlín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànlín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mien⁴-lin²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "myàn-lín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miannlin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мяньлинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹlinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lin³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mihn làhm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ lam⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ lem⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² lɐm²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-lìm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien limˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian⁴ lim²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ lim¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biexnliim"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ lim²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnliim"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mīng lîm"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ lim⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lin³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² lɐm²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ lim¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ lim²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ lim⁵⁵/"
}
],
"word": "面臨"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "面临",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "面臨",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Intermediate Mandarin",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with audio links",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to face unemployment",
"roman": "miànlín shīyè",
"text": "面臨失業／面临失业",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to face penalties",
"roman": "miànlín chǔfá",
"text": "面臨處罰／面临处罚",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Erosion is a major issue faced by agricultural production in this region.",
"roman": "Shuǐtǔ liúshī shì zhège dìqū nóngyè shēngchǎn miànlín de yī gè zhǔyào wèntí. [Pinyin]",
"text": "水土流失是這個地區農業生產面臨的一個主要問題。 [MSC, trad.]\n水土流失是这个地区农业生产面临的一个主要问题。 [MSC, simp.]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to face; to be faced with; to be confronted with"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"confronted",
"confront"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànlín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄇㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ lam⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-lìm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ming⁷ lim⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànlín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "miànlín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "mien⁴-lin²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "myàn-lín"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "miannlin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "мяньлинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "mjanʹlinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lin³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "mihn làhm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ lam⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "min⁶ lem⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² lɐm²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien-lìm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mien limˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "mian⁴ lim²"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ lim¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "biān-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "biexnliim"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ lim²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "bīn-lîm"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "bixnliim"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "mīng lîm"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ lim⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯ɛn⁵¹ lin³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miːn²² lɐm²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/mi̯en⁵⁵ lim¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻²¹ lim²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn²²⁻²¹ lim¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn³³⁻¹¹ lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/biɛn⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/bin⁴¹⁻²² lim²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/miŋ¹¹ lim⁵⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "cháoxiàng",
"word": "朝向"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正視"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngshì",
"word": "正视"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "瀕臨"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "濒临"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直視"
},
{
"roman": "zhíshì",
"word": "直视"
},
{
"roman": "zhímiàn",
"word": "直面"
},
{
"word": "迎"
},
{
"roman": "miànxiàng",
"word": "面向"
},
{
"roman": "miànduì",
"word": "面對"
},
{
"roman": "miànduì",
"word": "面对"
}
],
"word": "面臨"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"面臨"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "面臨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"面臨"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "面臨",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"面臨"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "面臨",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.