See 退化 on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deteriorate”",
"word": "進化"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deteriorate”",
"word": "进化"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǔdì tuìhuà",
"word": "土地退化"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "退化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 24 10 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 24 11 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to degenerate; to atrophy"
],
"id": "en-退化-zh-verb-9SIVCaTD",
"links": [
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"atrophy",
"atrophy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "76 24",
"roman": "lǎohuà",
"sense": "to degenerate",
"word": "老化"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 24 10 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 24 11 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop"
],
"id": "en-退化-zh-verb-4m7XKKQp",
"links": [
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
],
[
"worsen",
"worsen"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"drop",
"drop"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuìhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "teoi³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thui-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thèr-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thè-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thòe-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "to³ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tuìhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tuèihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻui⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "twèi-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tueyhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "туйхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tujxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "teoi³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "teui fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "toey³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "têu³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thui-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tui fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thèr-huà"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thè-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tea'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thuè-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "toea'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thò huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ thè-hòa /"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/"
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"進化",
"しんか"
]
],
"word": "進化"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "退化",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "taika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たいか"
},
"expansion": "退(たい)化(か) • (taika)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 24 10 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 24 11 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"degeneration; retrogression"
],
"id": "en-退化-ja-noun-b5Pk6T8v",
"links": [
[
"degeneration",
"degeneration"
],
[
"retrogression",
"retrogression"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠ika̠]"
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "退化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "퇴화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thoái hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thoái hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: thoái hoá"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "退化する",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "taika suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "退化し",
"roman": "taika shi",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "退化した",
"roman": "taika shita",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "退化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "退化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taika suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "退化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "退化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "退化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "退化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "taika dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "退化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "退化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "退化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "退化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "退化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たいか"
},
"expansion": "退(たい)化(か)する • (taika suru) suru (stem 退(たい)化(か)し (taika shi), past 退(たい)化(か)した (taika shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 24 10 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 24 11 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to degenerate, to retrogress"
],
"id": "en-退化-ja-verb-HQqsZmMN",
"links": [
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"retrogress",
"retrogress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠ika̠]"
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "toehwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "퇴화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "퇴화"
},
"expansion": "退化 • (toehwa) (hangeul 퇴화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "degeneration; retrogression",
"word": "퇴화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 퇴화 (“degeneration; retrogression”)"
],
"id": "en-退化-ko-noun-zTr8Et~j",
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴화",
"퇴화#Korean"
],
[
"degeneration",
"degeneration"
],
[
"retrogression",
"retrogression"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "退化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "退化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of thoái hoá (“to degenerate;to decline”)."
],
"id": "en-退化-vi-verb-LFlrt81f",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"thoái hoá",
"thoái hoá#Vietnamese:_退化"
],
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
]
]
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "jìnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deteriorate”",
"word": "進化"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhuà",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “deteriorate”",
"word": "进化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms spelled with 退",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tǔdì tuìhuà",
"word": "土地退化"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "退化",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to degenerate; to atrophy"
],
"links": [
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"atrophy",
"atrophy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop"
],
"links": [
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
],
[
"worsen",
"worsen"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"drop",
"drop"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tuìhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "teoi³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thui-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thèr-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thè-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "thòe-hòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "to³ huê³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tuìhuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tuèihuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tʻui⁴-hua⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "twèi-hwà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tueyhuah"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "туйхуа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "tujxua"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "teoi³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "teui fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "toey³ faa³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"zh-pron": "têu³ fa³"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "thui-fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tui fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "tui⁴ fa⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thèr-huà"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thè-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "tea'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "thuè-huà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "toea'hoax"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "thò huè"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"other": "/ thè-hòa /"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "lǎohuà",
"sense": "to degenerate",
"word": "老化"
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "shinka",
"ruby": [
[
"進化",
"しんか"
]
],
"word": "進化"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "退化",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "taika",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たいか"
},
"expansion": "退(たい)化(か) • (taika)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"degeneration; retrogression"
],
"links": [
[
"degeneration",
"degeneration"
],
[
"retrogression",
"retrogression"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠ika̠]"
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "退化",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "퇴화",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "thoái hoá",
"bor": "y"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: thoái hoá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: thoái hoá"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "退化する",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "taika suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "退化し",
"roman": "taika shi",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "退化した",
"roman": "taika shita",
"ruby": [
[
"退",
"たい"
],
[
"化",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "退化し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "退化する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taika suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "退化すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "退化せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "退化しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "退化させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "taika dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "退化しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "退化しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "退化します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "退化した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "退化して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "taika shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "退化すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たいかすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "taika sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たいか"
},
"expansion": "退(たい)化(か)する • (taika suru) suru (stem 退(たい)化(か)し (taika shi), past 退(たい)化(か)した (taika shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to degenerate, to retrogress"
],
"links": [
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"retrogress",
"retrogress"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"other": "たいか"
},
{
"ipa": "[ta̠ika̠]"
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "toehwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "퇴화",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "퇴화"
},
"expansion": "退化 • (toehwa) (hangeul 퇴화)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean hanja forms",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "degeneration; retrogression",
"word": "퇴화"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanja form of 퇴화 (“degeneration; retrogression”)"
],
"links": [
[
"hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"퇴화",
"퇴화#Korean"
],
[
"degeneration",
"degeneration"
],
[
"retrogression",
"retrogression"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "退化",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "退化",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of thoái hoá (“to degenerate;to decline”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"thoái hoá",
"thoái hoá#Vietnamese:_退化"
],
[
"degenerate",
"degenerate"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
]
]
}
],
"word": "退化"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 退化 meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "退化",
"trace": "started on line 22, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"退化"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "退化",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.